代词的辨析(重点掌握四组比较)
一、替代词that(those),one(ones)和it的区别
1.(2017·四川高考)The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A.one B.this
C.that
D.it
解析:选C 考查代词。句意:大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic,以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数;this通常指代下文要提到的事情;it指代上文出现的同一事物。
2.(2017·天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
A.them
B.these
C.those
D.ones
解析:选C 考查代词。句意:我们工厂里的一些机器与这本杂志里描述的那些机器很相似。空格处应用those表特指,替代前面出现的复数可数名词machines。注意题干中machines后有限制语described in this magazine,故不能用表泛指的ones,若选ones,则应在其前加上the。
3.(2017·辽宁高考)If you're buying today's paper from the stand, could you get ________ for me?
A.one
B.such
C.this
D.that
解析:选A 考查代词。句意:如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸,给我捎回一份好吗?one用来代替上文提到过的paper,相当于a copy of paper。
4.(2011·北京高考)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.
A.them
B.those
C.it
D.that
解析:选C 考查代词。根据句意“由于地方政府的努力,大城市的就业率在上升” 可知应用it 指代the employment rate。
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
that
(those) 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词,指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those,相当于the ones
one
(ones) 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”,其复数形式为ones
①To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.(2017·辽宁高考)
令黛拉高兴的是,她首先赢得了她的学生的信任,然后又赢得了同事的信任。
②Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.(2017·浙江高考)
研究了温迪的菜单,我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
③We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on your own interests.(2011·福建高考)
我们为你们的假期准备了各种各样的夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一个。
④I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it.(2009·四川高考)
我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子,但是没有足够的钱来买它。
二、不定代词all, both, either, any, neither, none的区别
1.(2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's an eitheror situation —we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ________.
A.others
B.either
C.another
D.both
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:这是一种二选一的情况,我们今年要么买一辆新车,要么去度假,但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定,应用not ... both,故选D。
2.(2017·山东高考)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.
A.either
B.any
C.each
D.another
解析:选A 考查不定代词。句意:我在纽约和芝加哥住过,但是我不喜欢它们中的任何一个。题干中提到“芝加哥”和“纽约”两个城市,根据转折词but可知,后面的意思应为“两个都不喜欢”,所以选A。any“任一”,each“每个”,another“另一”,都不符合语境。
3.(2017·陕西高考)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost ________ of her enthusiasm for life.
A.some
B.neither
C.none
D.all
解析:选C 考查代词。句意:虽然罗斯玛丽多年身患重病,但是她没有失去对生活的热情。根据句意可知,此处表示“一点儿也不,一点儿也没有”,所以应用none。
都任何一个 都不(全部否定) 部分否定
两者 both either neither = not either both和not连用
三者或
三者以上 all any none = not any all和not连用
①Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)
拉里让比尔和皮特跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。
②My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.(2017·江西高考)
我哥哥想买一块好表,但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。
③All that's important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.(2010·浙江高考)
重要的是你正在尽最大努力并且朝正确的方向前进。
④Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn't answer any of them. (2009·陕西高考)
简被问及了很多问题,但她一个都没答出来。
三、不定代词the other, other, another, others的区别
(2017·重庆高考)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A.anotherB.the other
C.one another
D.one
解析:选A 考查代词。句意:回收是保护环境的一种方法;而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”;the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”;one another“相互”;one“一”。
the other the other可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”;也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”
other other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”
others 单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others
①To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.(2011·上海高考)
为了保持清醒,他喝完了一杯咖啡,然后又点了一杯。
②You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.(2010·安徽高考)
你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作确实是你的特长。
③Neither side is prepared to talk to the other unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)
除非我们能够消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们双方都不打算与对方讲话。
四、复合不定代词的区别
1.(2017·江西高考)________ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
A.Anybody
B.Everybody
C.Nobody
D.Somebody
解析:选C 考查不定代词。句意:没有人能持续四十年把某件事做得很好,除非他热爱它。根据句意可知,空处应用nobody。
2.(2017·安徽高考)This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A.Nothing
B.Anything
C.Something
D.Everything
解析:选A 考查不定代词。句意:这个项目需要密切的合作,除非我们通力合作,否则将一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语,故选A。
某 任何 每个,所有 没有
人 someone/somebody anyone/anybody everyone/everybody no one/nobody
物 something Anything everything nothing
[点津] 注意something的特殊含义:大致,……左右;有价值或重要的人或事物;anything but“根本不”。
①—What do you think of the lecture?
—Anything but interesting but I've managed to survive it.(2017·厦门三校高三联考)
——你认为讲座怎么样?
——一点意思都没有,但是我还是坚持着听完了。
②There is something in his words.We should have a try. (2011·四川高考)
他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。
③ I got this bicycle for nothing: My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)
这辆自行车我没花钱,我朋友买了新的,就把这辆车送给我了。
it的用法
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Sarah made ________ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
A.herself
B.this
C.that
D.it
解析:选D 考查代词用法。句意:Sarah赶到了机场,正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。此处make it to表示“及时到达,赶上”,是固定搭配。
2.(2017·陕西高考)No matter where he is, he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A.him
B.this
C.that
D.it
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:不管他在哪里,早饭前出去散步是他的一贯做法。make sth. a rule“把……作为常例/定为常规”,句中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to go for a walk before breakfast。
3.(2011·江西高考)Why don't you bring ______to his attention that you're too ill to work on?
A.that
B.it
C.this
D.him
解析:选B 考查代词。句意:你为何不让他注意到你病得无法继续工作的事实?此处是it的特殊用法,其本身无实义。
4.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)The doctor thought ________ would be good for you to have a holiday.
A.this
B.that
C.one
D.it
解析:选D 考查代词用法。在thought后的宾语从句中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是“to have a holiday”。
1.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,替代后面的不定式、动词ing形式或从句。
① New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.(2017·四川高考)
新的技术已经使更快、更低成本地生产新产品成为可能。
②The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.(2011·山东高考)
这两个小女孩如此相像,以至于陌生人很难辨别出彼此。
③It is a pity that you missed such a good lecture.
你错过了一场这么好的报告真是可惜。
[点津] it在高考中经常考查其作形式主语或形式宾语的用法,其他代词如that,this等不能作形式主语或形式宾语。
2.it的一些高频搭配,如make it“成功;确定时间为……”;get it“明白了”;when it comes to ...“当提到……”等。
①—When shall we meet again?
—Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me.
——我们下一次什么时候见面?
——你喜欢哪天就哪天,对我来说都一样。
②When it comes to saving energy, big changes start with small steps, like turning off the lights.
当提到节能的时候,大变化从细微的行动开始,比如随手关灯。
3.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成一些固定结构,这类动词有like, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等。
I'd appreciate it if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
如果你愿意教我如何使用电脑,我将不胜感激。
反身代词、物主代词、疑问代词、人称代词、指示代词的用法
1.(2017·浙江高考)Half of ________ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
A.these
B.some
C.ones
D.those
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:来自16个国家的受访人中有一半人说,在他们有最强烈的愿望和最恐惧的时候,他们首先想到他们最亲近的朋友。所以这里用those来指代前面提到的那些被调查的人。
2.(2017·山东高考)When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or ________.
A.whoever
B.wherever
C.whatever
D.however
解析:选A 考查代词。句意:你看完书后,把书给Lucy或Helen,或谁都行。whoever在这里作代词,意为“不管什么人;无论是谁”,符合题意。
3.(2011·安徽高考)Surprisingly, Susan's beautiful hair reached below her knees and made ________ almost an overcoat for her.
A.them
B.her
C.itself
D.herself
解析:选C 考查代词。句意:令人惊奇的是,苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下,几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself 指的是“头发本身”。
1.反身代词的常见搭配:
by oneself 亲自,独自
be oneself
处于正常状态
enjoy oneself
玩得愉快
think for oneself
独自思考
Don't let him take away your freedom to think for yourself.
别让他夺去你独立思考的自由。
2.指示代词的常见用法:
(1)打电话时,一般用that提问,this应答。
(2)指代上文提到的一般用that/those,下文要说的用this/these。
Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?
那些都是事实, 你能从中得出什么结论?
1.(2017·临沂市一模)Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog.I happened to witness ________ this morning.
A.it
B.those
C.each
D.one
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:通常在雾中会发生很多事故,我今天早上就碰巧看到了一起。此处表示“一起事故”应用one (accident)。
2.(2017·开封市高三二模) The power failure made ________ difficult for us to complete the task on time.
A.that
B.it
C.one
D.this
解析:选B 考查代词。句意:停电使得我们按时完成任务变得相当困难。此处空格内为形式宾语,替代后面的不定式短语,故用it。
3.(2017·成都市高三二模)—Which of these resorts do you like best?
—________.They are both hot and crowded.
A.Either
B.Nothing
C.Neither
D.None
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:“这些旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个?”“一个都不喜欢,他们都太热而且太拥挤。”表示“三者或三者以上都不”用none。
4.(2017·青岛二模)She wanted a job, ________ she had never experienced before.
A.that
B.one
C.it
D.what
解析:选B 考查代词。句意:她想得到一份工作,一份她以前从未经历过的工作。此处空格处代表a job,应用one代替。
5.(2017·青岛二模)—What major will you choose when you are at university?
—________ but English, which has brought terrible dreams to me for the past 12 years.
A.Anything
B.Nothing
C.Something
D.Everything
解析:选A 考查代词。句意:“你上了大学打算选择什么专业?”“除英语外什么都行,英语在这过去的12年中给我带来很多噩梦。”anything but意为“根本不”,符合题意。
6.(2017·长春市高三二模)I know you want to borrow money but I don't have ________ at hand myself.
A.any
B.either
C.anything
D.nothing
解析:选A 考查代词。句意:我知道你想借钱,但我手头上一点也没有。此处not any (money)表示“没有一点钱”,符合题意。
7.(2017·陕西西北工大附中模拟)—What about the price of these washing machines?
—They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,________ at the other shops in the street.
A.others
B. it
C. that
D. those
解析:选D 考查代词。句意:“这些洗衣机的价格怎样?”“他们与街上其他的商店相比,如果说不便宜,至少和他们的价格一样。”此处空格内的代词代替the washing machines,应用those代替。
8.(2017·吉林市高三二模)—May I ask for leave tomorrow?
—No, you can't. ________ applying for the scholarship must be present.
A.Someone B.Anyone
C.One
D.No one
解析:选B 考查代词。句意:“我明天可以请假吗?”“不,你不能,任何申请奖学金的人都必须到场。”anyone表示“任何人”,符合题意。
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