语法对点讲练十一 形容词、副词
一、形容词与副词的比较等级
知识点讲解
1.原级
①as+原级+as+比较对象,表示对比双方在性质、程度、特征方面相等或相似。
特别提示
②“as ... as”结构有时不用来表示两者的比较,而是用来描述同一个人或物的特性。
We will help you as well as we can.
Take as many apples as you like.
I'm happy as long as you are happy.
③not+as/so+原级+as+比较对象,表示“……不如……”。
2.比较级
④比较级+than+比较对象,表示“比……更”。no与比较级连用表示“一样不……”。
⑤比较级+比较级,表示“越来越……”。
⑥the+比较级...,the+比较级...,表示“越……,越……”。
⑦the+比较级+of the two+名词,表示“两者中较……的一个”。
特别提示 more than以下用法不是比较级:
⑧more than=over,意为“超出”。
We have more than 2,000 books now.
⑨more than=very,意为“很;非常”。
I was more than a little angry.
⑩more than意为“不仅”。
His report is more than a survey.
more ... than ...意为“与其……不如……”。
You are more lucky than bright.
某些以ior结尾的形容词,如superior, senior等,后边与to搭配,表示比较。
3.倍数表达法
倍数+as+原级+as+比较对象,表示“……是……的几倍”。
倍数+比较级+than+比较对象,表示“……比……大/高/多几倍”。
倍数+the size/height/length/width+of+比较对象。
4.最高级
the+最高级+比较范围,表示“……是……中最……的”。
be one of/among the+最高级+复数名词+比较范围,表示“……是……中最……之一”。
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.
特殊疑问词+...+the+最高级,A, B or C?用于三者或以上的比较。
Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada?
5.比较级表达最高级意义
“否定词+比较级”或“否定词+so ... as”结构表示最高级意义。
Nothing is easier than this.=Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is the easiest thing except this.
“比较级+than+any other+单数名词/anyone else/anything else”表达最高级意义。
Bamboo has many more uses than any other plant in the world.
“never ... such+名词”表达最高级意义。
I have never seen such a beautiful scene.
“否定词+不定冠词+比较级+名词”表示最高级意义。
I have never seen a better picture.
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①~)
1.(2017·江西卷)There are a small number of people involved, possibly ________ twenty.
A. as few as
B. as little as
C. as many as
D. as much as
答案 __A__ 知识点 __①__
解析 句意:有少量的人被卷入了,可能有20个。由a small number of people可知用as few as。
2.(2017·湖南六校联考)Nothing is ________ to defeat you when you often assess yourself negatively.
A. easy
B. more easily
C. much easier
D. the easiest
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:没有什么东西比对自己消极地评价更容易打败自己。这是一个形容词比较级的句式,much可修饰比较级, C项正确。B项是副词的比较级形式。
3.(2017·北京东城区练习二)The previous owner wanted as much as $60,000 for the car, but it was ________ I could go.
A. so high as
B. the highest
C. as high as
D. higher than
答案 __D__ 知识点 __④__
解析 由but一词可知,比“我”能出的价格要高,故应用形容词的比较级。A、C两项为同级比较, B项为最高级,只有D项正确。
4.(2017·甘肃三模)As a rough estimate, Nigeria is ________ Great Britain.
A. three times the sizes as
B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of
D. three times the size of
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 倍数表达正确的结构是:A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B。D项正确。
5.(2017·安徽卷)It's said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.
A. twice as
B. as twice
C. twice much
D. much twice
答案 __A__ 知识点 ____
解析 这道题的关键信息词是题干中的“large as”和选项中的“twice as”,通过关键信息词不能看出,这道题的考查点是形容词倍数表达法,即“倍数+as+原级+as”,其中第一个as是副词,应放在形容词large的前面,而表示倍数的twice要放在第一个as的前面,构成“twice as large as what it was”,第二个as是连词,后接从句what it was。
6.(2017·辽宁卷)This is by far ________ movie that I have ever seen.
A. an inspiring
B. a much inspiring
C. the most inspiring
D. the more inspiring
答案 __C__ 知识点 ____
解析 句意:这是一部到目前为止我曾看过的最令人鼓舞的电影。by far“迄今为止;远;非”,常用来修饰比较级和最高级。结合句意选项C正确。
7.(2017·洛阳统考)The lion is not ________ we have imagined. Sometimes it is kind and friendly to people.
A. as a fierce animal as
B. so fierce an animal that
C. so fierce an animal as
D. as a fierce animal that
答案 __C__ 知识点 __③__
解析 在同级比较句式中,否定式用not so或as+形容词原级+as构成。形容词后面跟单数名词时,将形容词提前,放在so或as后面,a或an的位置不变。
8.At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, ________.
A. the more I became confused
B. I became confused more
C. the more confused I became
D. the more confused did I become
答案 __C__ 知识点 __⑥__
解析 句意:起初我以为我明白了老师所说的话,但他越解释我就越迷惑了。该题是“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……越……”。
9.It took ________ supplies to construct these energysaving houses. It took brains too.
A. other than
B. more than
C. rather than
D. less than
答案 __B__ 知识点 __⑩__
解析 more than“不仅是;不只是”,符合句意。other than“除了;只能是;不同于”; rather than“与其……倒不如;不是……而是;而不是”; less than“不及;少于”。
10.Although he was disabled, he tried to lead ________ as possible.
A. as normal a life
B. so normal a life
C. as a normal life
D. so a normal life
答案 __A__ 知识点 __②__
解析 as ... as有时不是用来比较,而是用来描述同一个人的特征。as normal a life as possible“尽可能正常的生活”。
11.— What do you think of the blind man?
— I've never seen a man with ________ sense of touch.
A. the better
B. the best
C. a good
D. a better
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 答语句意:他是我见到的最有触觉的盲人。never与比较级连用表示最高级的含义。表示“一个……样的”用a不用the, the better用于两者中“更好的一个”,故排除A项。
12.The black horse is ________ of the pair.
A. the stronger
B. the strongest
C. strong
D. stronger
答案 __A__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 当特指两者中“较/更……的”时,比较级前通常要用定冠词,此时可视为比较级后省略了有关的名词或代词one。
13.After they compared the two, they find this design was ________ that one.
A. more superior to
B. far superior than
C. more superior than
D. far superior to
答案 __D__ 知识点 ____
解析 superior“更好的;更强的;更有效的”,表示“比……更……”,与to连用,没有比较级形式,为加强程度用far修饰。
二、比较等级的注意事项
知识点讲解
1.比较等级的修饰语
①much, even, still, far, a lot, a great deal, twice, any, by far, a little, rather等可以修饰比较级。
②much, far, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like和序数词等可以修饰最高级。
2.比较级一般不加冠词,但在下列情况下,比较级前要加the
③表示两者选择,比较级后有被修饰的名词。
Who is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?
④有of the two结构表示比较范围时。
Of the two jobs, he chose the harder.
⑤在the more ... the more结构中。
3.无比较等级的形容词
⑥excellent, extreme, perfect等表示“最高程度”的形容词无比较等级。
4.最高级的省略
⑦最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词常省略。
New York Harbour is the loveliest at night perhaps.
⑧作状语的副词最高级前可以不用the。
Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.
⑨最高级前有序数词、物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时,最高级前不用the。
Hainan is China's second largest island.
⑩两个最高级修饰同一名词时,后一个最高级不用the。
He is the youngest and tallest boy in his class.
有时最高级用来加强语气,作“很;非常;十分”之意讲时,不用the。
The book is most interesting.
最高级作宾补时不用the。
I found it most difficult to get to sleep.
在一些固定用法中,最高级前常不用the。
With best wishes for you.
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①~)
1.(新课标卷)The result is not very important to us, but if we do win, then so much ________.
A. the best
B. best
C. better
D. the better
答案 __D__ 知识点 __①__
解析 句意:结果如何对我们来说并不是很重要,不过如果我们真的赢了,那就更好了。so much the better“(那)就更好了”,为习惯搭配。so much the worse“就更糟了”。
2.This pair of shoes doesn't look good, but that pair is ________ better, I think.
A. rather
B. less
C. even
D. hardly
答案 __D__ 知识点 __①__
解析 句意:这双鞋看上去不好,但是那双未必更好。hardly“几乎不;未必”,符合句意。
3.Of the two, I would prefer ________ camera, which is very easy for me to carry.
A. a small
B. a smaller
C. the small
D. the smaller
答案 __D__ 知识点 __④__
解析 从of the two可知是两个, the与比较级连用表示“两者中之最……”。
4.Retirement is obviously a very complex adjustment period and ________ you start planning for it, the better.
A. earlier
B. earliest
C. the earliest
D. the earlier
答案 __D__ 知识点 __⑤__
解析 句意:退休期间明显地是一个很艰难的调整期,你为之计划得越早就越好。the earlier ... the better“越早……越好”。这个句式是指一方随着另一方的程度而发生变化。表示“越……越……”。
5.China's population of one and a third billion is currently the world's ________. India is the second at 1.2 billion.
A. largest
B. biggest
C. greatest
D. most
答案 __A__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 population作主语时,表示人口多用large,表示人口少用small。句意:十三亿多中国人口是当今世界上人口最多的,印度是第二个人口最多的国家,十二亿。
三、形容词、副词的其他注意事项
知识点讲解
1.形容词的几个注意事项
①形容词作状语时,表示伴随或说明主语所处的状态,并不表达动作的方式。
He went to bed, tired and hungry.
②can not/never与enough/too连用,表示“再……也不过分;越……越好”。
You can never be too careful to study.
③形容词如alive, asleep, awake, afraid, alone, worth当作定语时常后置。
The baby still asleep might be awake very soon.
④形容词在修饰something, nothing, anything, somebody, nobody, anybody等不定代词时后置。
There is something wrong with my bike.
⑤形容词后有介词短语时,必须放在名词后面。
He is a student worthy of praise.
⑥形容词后有不定式时,必须放在名词后面。
This is a problem difficult to solve.
⑦多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序是:限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词)+数词(基数词、序数词)+描绘性形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+名词。
a beautiful white Chinese military jeep
2.同根副词
⑧high; highly
high“高地”,指具体高度; highly“高度地”,指抽象的“高”,表示程度。
⑨wide; widely
wide“宽地;宽阔地”,表示具体的空间宽度; widely“广泛地;范围广地;大大地”,表示抽象意义。
⑩deep; deeply
deep“深地”,表示具体的空间深度; deeply“深深地”,表示感情上的深度。
hard; hardly
hard“努力地;艰苦地”; hardly“几乎不;简直不”。
close; closely
close“接近;靠近地”,指距离; closely“严密地;仔细地”,表示抽象意义。
late; lately
late“晚;迟”,指具体的时间晚了,迟了; lately“近来;最近;前不久”。
most; mostly
most“十分;非常;很”;mostly“大部分地;主要地”。
对点训练
完成下列小题,并指出考查上述哪个知识点(①~)
1.(2017·贵州六校第二次联考)When the policeman stopped us, we all looked questioningly at him, ________.
A. nervously and puzzled
B. nervous and puzzling
C. nervous and puzzled
D. nervously and puzzling
答案 __C__ 知识点 __①__
解析 形容词可以用作状语,用来说明主语的情况。后缀为ed的形容词常用来形容人,ing的形容词常用于修饰事物。本题C项正确。
2.(2017·山东实验中学二模)You can never be ________ careful; the road is icy and slippery.
A. very
B. too
C. quite
D. rather
答案 __B__ 知识点 __②__
解析 “can never be too+形容词”结构表示“再……也不过分”,为固定句型。本题选择B项。
3.The ________ house looks as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden
B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little
D. wooden white little
答案 __A__ 知识点 __⑦__
解析 选项中little表示尺寸大小, white表示颜色, wooden表示材料,此处应为“这座小的白色的木制的房子”。
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