2017届高考英语一轮专题复习阅读理解训练（20）含答案

　　阅读理解----(2017·天津市十二区县联考二，C)

　　In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people.

　　I have taught many children who held the belief that their selfworth relied on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often lifeanddeath affairs. In their singleminded pursuit of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten.

　　However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others take an pposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the_most_vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesn't matter because I really didn't try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had really tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others. Both are afraid of not being valued.

　　Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章首先提出论点“现代社会关于竞争有很多争议”，然后详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法。

　　16．What does this passage mainly talk about?

　　A．Competition helps to set up selfrespect.

　　B．Opinions about competition are different among people.

　　C．Competition is harmful to personal quality development.

　　D．Failures are necessary experiences in competition.

　　答案：B　主旨大意题。根据文章首句“In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition.”可知，现代社会关于竞争有很多争议。下文内容围绕这一点详细分析了不同人对竞争的不同看法，因此这便是文章的中心论点。故B项正确。

　　17．Why do some people favor competition according to the passage?

　　A．It builds up a sense of duty.

　　B．It pushes society forward.

　　C．It improves personal abilities.

　　D．It encourages individual efforts.

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有人认为竞争是社会进步和繁荣的动力。故B项正确。

　　18．The underlined phrase “the most vocal” in Paragraph 3 means ________.

　　A．those who try their best to win

　　B．those who value competition most highly

　　C．those who are against competition most strongly

　　D．those who rely on others most for success

　　答案：C　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，有些人渴望成功，而有些人持相反的态度。在只注重赢家而不注意普通人的文化价值观下，他们强烈谴责竞争。其中最直言不讳的就是那些来自父母和社会的竞争压力下挣扎的年轻人。根据“Among”可知，画线词是指上文提到的那些强烈谴责竞争的人。故C项正确。

　　19．What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a “desire to fail”？

　　A．One's worth lies in his performance compared with others'.

　　B．One's success in competition needs great efforts.

　　C．One's achievement is determined by his particular skills.

　　D．One's success is based on how hard he has tried.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that one's selfrespect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，A项正确。

　　20．Which point of view may the author agree to?

　　A．Every effort should be paid back.

　　B．Competition should be encouraged.

　　C．Winning should be a lifeanddeath matter.

　　D．Fear of failure should be removed in competition.

　　答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.”不难看出作者的态度；只有消除竞争中的畏惧心理，我们才能发现竞争的意义。故D项正确。

　　阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 A

　　Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health.

　　Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional (feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life."

　　One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.

　　Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals.

　　It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance (监督) of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important.

　　26. What is the best title of the passage?

　　A. Physical, Mental and Public Health B. Something about Health

　　C. Importance of Health D. Three healthy Lives

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】标题归纳题。根据Physical fitness refers to good healthMental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being.及Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health.这是主题句，分别叙述了身体健康，精神健康及公共卫生，故选A。27. What does “Body Mass Index” in Paragraph 1 consist of?

　　A. Exercise, proper diet and nutrition B. Abilities, functions and demands

　　C. Recovery, independence and relation D. Height, weight and their relation.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index.

　　28. What are the signs of mental health?

　　A. Living an independent life and suffer from hardships.

　　B. Reducing normal levels of stress and handle "bounce back".

　　C. Increasing emotional demands and psychological well-being.

　　D. Living an independent life and own good friends and family.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.29. Once Bird Flu takes place, that refers to ________.

　　A. the problem of physical health B. the problem of public health

　　C. the problem of mental health D. the importance of washing hands

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person.公共健康不是指一个人的而是指一个社区或集体，禽流感的发生是由于公共健康的问题，故选B。

　　30. What can promote your body health according to the passage?

　　A. Family, society and individuals.

　　B. Private clubs, communities and individuals.

　　C. Regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition.

　　D. Hand washing, vaccination and other healthy behaviors.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。根据Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition,

　　阅读理解----D

　　(2017·哈尔滨市质检，D)

　　As the richest country in the world, you'd expect that Qatar would also be the happiest. And you'd also expect Japanese people to be extremely positive, seeing as though they have the highest life expectancy. But clearly wealth and good health do not guarantee happiness after both countries failed to make the top ten most positive countries.

　　The poll (民意测验) of nearly 150 000 people around the world found that seven of the world's 10 countries with the most upbeat attitudes are in Latin America. Gallup asked about 1 000 people in each of 148 countries if they were wellrested, had been treated with respect, smiled or laughed a lot, learned or did something interesting and felt feelings of enjoyment the previous day.

　　In Panama and Paraguay, 85 percent of those polled said yes to all five, putting those countries at the top of the list. They were followed closely by El Salvador, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Thailand, Guatemala, the Philippines, Ecuador and Costa Rica.

　　The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore, the wealthy and orderly citystate that ranks among the most developed in the world. Other wealthy countries also sat surprisingly low on the list. Germany and France tied with the poor African state of Somaliland for 47th place.

　　Many of the seven countries which were most positive do poorly in traditional measures of wellbeing, like Guatemala, a country torn by decades of civil war followed by waves of gangdriven criminality that give it one of the highest killing rates in the world. Guatemala sits just above Iraq on the United Nations' Human Development Index,

　　a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income. But it ranks seventh in positive emotions.

　　In Guatemala, it's a culture of friendly people who are always smiling, said Luz Castillo, a 30yearold surfing instructor. Despite all the problems that we're facing, we're surrounded by natural beauty that lets us get away from it all.

　　The poll shows that prosperous nations can also be deeply unhappy ones. And povertystricken ones are often positive, or at least a close approximation (大约) of it.

　　文章大意：本文为一篇调查报道。通过对世界各国的民意测验发现，幸福指数与健康和财富无关。

　　12．________ may feel the most unhappy according to the poll.

　　A．People from Qatar

　　B．People from Thailand

　　C．People from Japan

　　D．People from Singapore

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的“The people least likely to report positive emotions lived in Singapore”可知，通过民意测验生活在新加坡的人民的幸福指数最低。故答案选D。

　　13．The underlined word “Gallup” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________.

　　A．a country

　　B．a polling organization

　　C．a person

　　D．a magazine

　　答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一、二句可知，这项民意测验调查了世界各地的15万人，发现幸福指数最高的10个国家中有7个国家位于拉丁美洲，这个民意调查组织调查了148个国家，每个国家测验了大约1千人。因此Gallup应为进行这项民意测验调查的组织机构。故答案选B。

　　14．Which of the following is not included in the United Nations' Human Development Index?

　　A．Life expectancy.

　　B．Education.

　　C．Natural beauty.

　　D．Per capita income.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段倒数第二句“... on the United Nations' Human Development Index, a composite of life expectancy, education and per capita income.”可知，这项指数当中不包含C项内容。故答案选C。

　　15．What's the best title of the text?

　　A．Happiness does not depend on wealth

　　B．How to live happily?

　　C．Health leads to happiness

　　D．What are the standards to be happy men?

　　答案：A　标题概括题。通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，本文主要对一项民意测验调查进行了报道说明。测验结果表明，幸福与健康和财富无关。因此，A项适宜作为标题使用。故答案选A。

　　阅读理解----------B

　　The best and worst part about being a twenty-something is that every decision you make can change the rest of your life. Once you're in your 30's or 40's, it gets harder and harder to reinvent yourself. So I made an interview with Dr. Meg Jay, the clinical psychologist. He explains why the twenties matter, and how to make the most of them.

　　In Dr. Meg Jay's opinion, our 20s are the defining decade of adulthood. 80% of life's most important moments take place by about age 35. And 2/3 of lifetime wage growth happens during the first ten years of a career. More than half of Americans are married or are dating or living with their future partner by age 30. Personality can change more during our 20s than at any other decade in life. Female fertility(生育能力) peaks at 28. The brain caps off (结束) its last major growth. When it comes to adult development, 30 is not the new 20. Even if you do nothing, not making choices is a choice all the same. Don't be defined by what you didn't know or didn't do.

　　On the other hand, I also ask him how the 20s track their progress toward their future goals and whether milestones like 21 and 30 are really important. Dr. Meg Jay think it absolutely important. Milestones--21, 25, 30, New Year's, birthdays, reunions--are important because they cause self-reflection. What he mentioned are as follows: Am I where I wanted to be by this age? Did I do what I said I would do this year? If not, why not. And if not now, when? A 20-year-old girl who interviewed me recently told me about a question she was advised to ask herself as she moved through adulthood: "If you keep living your life exactly as it is, where will you be in 3 years?" If you don't like the answer, now is the time to change course.

　　Surely the 20s are for experimenting, but not just with philosophies(人生观) and vacations and substances(物质). The 20s are your best chance to experiment with jobs and relationships. Then each move can be more intentional and more informed than the last.

　　31. Once you make a decision in your 20's, it will __________.

　　A. be the best part B. be the worst part

　　C. change your whole life D. affect your future life

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】细节理解题。第一段第一句every decision you make can change the rest of your life.32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A. Decisive B. Describing

　　C. Explaining

　　D. changeable

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】词义猜测题。根据从后句 most important moments推出Decisive

　　33. What is the most changeable during the 20s according to the passage?

　　A. Career

　　B. Marriage

　　C. Character D. Philosophies

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。从第二段第五句：Personality can change more during our 20s than at any other decade in life可知答案。34. According to Paragraph 3, one reason why Dr. Meg Jay stresses the importance of 20s is that ______.

　　A. it is a milestone B. it tracks their progress

　　C. it leads to self-reflection D. it achieves their future goals

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】细节理解题。从第三句 cause self-reflection与之同义。

　　35. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The 20s are of importance, and how to make use of them.

　　B. The 20s can change the rest of your life.

　　C. The 20s are milestones to reach their future goals.

　　D. The 20s are the best chance to experiment.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】主旨大意题。答案重点在第一段可找到，但各段都按这个中心展开。