2017届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：必修3 Unit 8　Adventure　探险（北师大版）

　　2017届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案：必修3 Unit 8　Adventure　探险（北师大版）

　　核心词汇

　　1．The house needs ____________(较大的)repairs.

　　2．I don’t suppose they wanted any ____________(额外的)help.

　　3．Good novels broaden your h__________.

　　4．They reached an ____________(调和；和解)with neighboring countries.

　　5．They c__________ me by their conflicting advice.

　　6．There is a small q__________ of water left in the bottle.

　　7．Her son was filled with a__________ to become a great inventor.

　　8．The week of the flood was an a__________ time for all of us.

　　9. The ____________(类似；相似)between the two reports suggests that one person wrote both.

　　10．The mother was filled with a__________ about her daughter’s health.

　　11．Everyone arrived late at the party for v__________ reasons.

　　12．She reaches the limit of her ____________(耐心)easily because she is very ____________(没有耐心的)with students who cannot follow her.

　　1.major　2.extra　3.horizons　4.accommodation　5.confused　6.quantity　7.ambition　8.anxious　9.similarity　10.anxiety　11.various　12.patience；impatient

　　高频短语

　　1．________________起飞

　　2．________________

　　就在此刻

　　3．________________

　　出现，到场

　　4．________________

　　使理解(某事)

　　5．________________

　　(坏事)突然发生，爆发

　　6．________________

　　坚持(某种)说法

　　7．________________

　　损坏，不能运转

　　8．________________

　　继续做某事

　　9．________________

　　决定不履行(允诺的事)

　　10．________________

　　颠倒地，倒置地

　　11．________________

　　为了(某一目的)

　　12．________________

　　轮流

　　13．________________

　　关进监狱

　　14．________________

　　在途中

　　15．________________

　　用完，耗尽

　　1.take off　2.right now　3.turn up　4.get across　5.break out　6.stand by　7.break down　8.carry on　9.back out　10.upside down　11.in order to　12.in turn,13.put into prison　14.on one’s way　15.run out of

　　重点句式

　　1．And our porters carry your luggage，____________ means that you can simply enjoy the experience.

　　有搬运工为你搬运行李，这意味着你能尽情享受旅行。

　　2．The hike costs ￡ 2,500 ____________ all flights and accommodation．

　　旅行费用为2500英镑，其中包括所有机票和食宿。

　　3．I decided to ____________ bungee jumping and now I ____________ really ____________ it.

　　我决定参加蹦极运动，现在我特别喜欢这项运动。

　　4．Marco，____________，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.

　　马可也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。

　　5．Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were ________________________ true.

　　尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。

　　6．________________ the total darkness of the polar winter.

　　接下来极地冬日的全部黑暗时期到来了。

　　7．I can’t stand ____________ boring sports.

　　我无法忍受做乏味的运动。

　　1.which　2.including　3.take up；am；into　4.in turn　5.too fantastic to be　6.Then came　7.doing

　　知识详解

　　1 .differ　vi.　不同于，区别于

　　(回归课本P23)How do the tourists differ from local people?

　　游客与本地人有什么不同？(怎样区分游客与本地人？)

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.

　　那对双胞胎兄弟外表相似，但性格却相差很大。

　　②This book differs from that one in the writing style.

　　这本书和那本书的写作风格不同。

　　1．用differ的适当形式填空

　　(1)My husband has several shirts of __________ colors.

　　答案：different

　　(2)It does make a __________ to us whether we can speak English fluently.

　　答案：difference

　　(3)The conditions of our classroom have __________ from what you saw five years ago.

　　答案：differed

　　(4)Boys and girls may behave __________.

　　答案：differently

　　2 .anxious　adj.　忧虑的，担心的

　　(回归课本P23)From that moment they started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night.

　　从那时起他们开始感到忧虑并且那晚他们失眠了。

　　归纳拓展

　　①Helen is anxious about travelling on her own．

　　海伦对自己一个人出门旅行感到担心。

　　②Peggy is anxious to show that she can cope with extra responsibility.

　　佩吉急切地想表明她能承担额外的职责。

　　2．Our parents always get a little bit________if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.

　　A．eager　B．anxious

　　C．patient

　　D．earnest

　　解析：选B。D项意思为“真诚的”。句意：当我们没有在我们所说的时间到达时，我们的父母总是很焦虑的。

　　3 .risk　vt. 冒……的危险　n. [C，U]　危险，风险

　　(回归课本P116)What makes people risk their lives to do them？是什么促使人们冒着生命危险去做它们呢？

　　归纳拓展

　　risk one’s life冒生命危险

　　risk doing sth.冒险做某事

　　at risk有危险，冒风险

　　at the risk of冒……之险；不顾……之风险

　　at risk to 冒着伤及……的危险

　　run risks(＝run the risk)冒险

　　take a risk(＝take risks)冒险

　　①(2010年高考上海卷)The risk is greatest during a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

　　在太阳风景达到最高峰期间太阳黑子的数量最多，这种风险是很大的。

　　②He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire.

　　他冒着生命危险把孩子从火中救出。

　　③We’ve been advised not to risk travelling in these conditions.

　　我们受到忠告，在这种条件下不要冒险出行。

　　例句探源

　　3．If your race car isn’t insured，you may________losing everything when it hits something solid.

　　A．delay B．deny

　　C．avoid

　　D．risk

　　解析：选D。delay耽搁，延误；deny否认；avoid避免；risk冒……的危险。根据题意可知，D项正确。

　　4．Take an umbrella with you.You can’t risk________a rain．

　　A．being caught in

　　B．catching

　　C．to be caught in

　　D．caught

　　解析：选A。risk后面接doing，因此排除C、D两项；be caught in为习惯搭配，意为“遇上，突然遭受”，因此选A。句意：你还是带把伞吧，不要冒着被雨淋湿的危险。

　　4 .amaze　vt.　使大为吃惊，使感到惊愕

　　(回归课本P26)Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was.

　　马克也相应地被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。

　　归纳拓展

　　an amazing discovery/success惊人的发现/成功

　　be amazed at/by sb./sth.对某人/某事物感到惊讶

　　be amazed to see/find/learn．..惊异地看到/发现/获悉……

　　It amazed sb.that...让某人惊诧的是……

　　to one’s amazement令某人大为惊奇的是

　　in amazement惊愕地

　　①Visitors were amazed at the achievements in the car manufacture of the city during the past decade.

　　参观者对这城市过去十年中汽车制造工业的成就感到惊奇。

　　②We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.

　　我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。

　　③(2010年高考天津卷)“I’m just amazed you still have the same stand for holding the pad and pencil after all these years.”

　　“我只是很惊讶你在这么多年之后还仍然保留着放铅笔和便条纸簿的木架。”

　　例句探源

　　5．用amaze的适当形式填空

　　(1)The __________ news __________ all the people present.

　　答案：amazing；amazed

　　(2)It was __________ that he was taken away by the police.

　　答案：amazing

　　(3)Much to my __________，the amazing news making all the people __________ was created by a little boy.

　　答案：amazement；amazed

　　5 .confuse　vt.　混淆，弄乱；使困惑

　　(回归课本P26)He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel.

　　人们用来当燃料的黑色石头使他感到困惑。

　　归纳拓展

　　【温馨提示】　confused指人“感到困惑的”，而confusing指物“令人困惑的”。

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P309)Don’t give me so much information－you’re confusing me.

　　别跟我说那么多消息，你都要把我搞糊涂了。

　　②(2010年高考上海卷)Finally，have I included too many unnecessary details that may confuse readers?

　　最终，是不是我包含了太多的使读者迷惑的不必要的细节？

　　6．She’s left a very __________ message on my answerphone.I can’t understand what she wanted to say.

　　A．confusedB．confusion

　　C．confusing

　　D．confusedly

　　解析：选C。句意：她在我的电话答录机上留下了一个含糊不清的留言。我不明白她要说什么。confused指人“感到困惑的”，常用来修饰人，说明人的“状态”。confusing指“令人困惑的”，常修饰物，说明物的性质特征。根据句意C项正确。

　　6 .quantity　n．　量，数量

　　(回归课本P27)He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities.

　　他去了一个城市，在那里铁被大量生产出来。

　　①There is a large quantity of rice on the floor.

　　地板上有许多大米。

　　②The shop is selling second－hand bikes in quantity.

　　这家商店大量销售二手自行车。

　　例句探源

　　7．As a result of destroying the forests, a large________of desert________covered the land.

　　A．number；has　

　　B．quantity；has

　　C．number；have

　　D．quantity；have

　　解析：选B。“a great/good deal of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；plenty of, a lot of，lots of, a great(large/small)quantity of后跟可数名词时谓语动词用复数；后跟不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

　　7 .preparation　n．　准备；预备

　　(回归课本P28)．..both teams organised food bases in preparation for their journeys the next year.

　　……两个队都筹建食物储存处，为下一年的旅行做准备。

　　归纳拓展

　　①So you want to get to the classroom earlier to make some preparation?

　　所以你想早点去教室做准备？

　　②The third book in the series is in preparation now.

　　丛书的第三册现在正准备出版。

　　③The whole class is working hard preparing for the exams.

　　全班都在用功地准备考试。

　　例句探源

　　8．Have you been thankful for the preparations she ________ for the party?

　　A．had　B．made

　　C．did

　　D．took

　　解析：选B。make preparations for是固定短语，意为“为……做准备”，把名词preparations提前，she made for the party为定语从句，修饰preparations。

　　9．—What’s the terrible noise over there?

　　—They __________ for a crazy party.

　　A．have prepared

　　B．are preparing

　　C．prepare

　　D．will prepare

　　解析：选B。由答句句意：他们正在为那个疯狂的晚会做准备。可知应用现在进行时。

　　8 .distant　adj.　远处的；久远的；疏远的，不友好的，冷淡的；远亲的

　　(回归课本P28)Later，these rocks proved that at one time in the distant past the Antarctic was covered by plants.

　　后来，这些石块证实：在远古时代，南极洲地区曾经被植物覆盖。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(牛津P579)The time we spent together is now a distant memory.

　　我们一起度过的时光现已成为久远的记忆。

　　②(牛津P580)Their life seemed utterly distant from his own．

　　他们的生活与他自己的生活似乎完全不同。

　　10．用distant的适当形式填空

　　We used to be close friends，but now we are __________.He often keeps me at a __________.

　　答案：distant；distance

　　9 .observe　vt.& vi.　观察；遵守；庆祝；评述，评论

　　(回归课本P30)Air－conditioned vehicles for observing animals.

　　观察动物的装有空调的交通车辆。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①(朗文P1035)Did you observe anything unusual in his behaviour?

　　你注意到他的行为有什么不寻常吗？

　　②His neighbor observed a stranger enter his house and take away some valuables.

　　他的邻居看见一个陌生人进入他家，拿走了一些贵重物品。

　　③He was observed to pass by the store in a hurry.

　　有人发现他从商店旁边匆匆而过。

　　11．完成句子

　　(1)那位专家花了两年时间观察这动物的日常活动。

　　The expert spent two years __________ the animal’s daily activities.

　　答案：observing

　　(2)出国时你应该遵从当地风俗。

　　You should __________ __________ __________ __________ when you go abroad.

　　答案：observe the local customs

　　(3)你能说说中国人怎样庆祝春节吗？

　　Can you say something about how the Chinese ________ __________ __________ __________？

　　答案：observe the Spring Festival

　　10 .take off　脱下(衣、帽、鞋等)；起飞；动身，离开；减去

　　(回归课本P116)．..especially when you take off!

　　……尤其是当你起飞的时候！

　　归纳拓展

　　take apart 拆开

　　take down 拆卸，拆毁；记下，录下

　　take over 接任，接管，接收

　　take to sb./sth. 喜欢，亲近；沉湎于；养成……习惯

　　take up 拿起；占据；对……有兴趣

　　例句探源

　　①In an instant，he took off his coat and jumped into the water.

　　他立刻脱下大衣跳进了水里。

　　②When do you know Yao Ming took up basketball?

　　你知道姚明什么时候开始打篮球的吗？

　　③Our manager has left，so Peter will take over his job.

　　我们的经理走了，彼德将接任他的工作。

　　12．结合下列句子，翻译出画线部分take off的不同含义

　　(1)He took_off his raincoat and took out the key.()

　　答案：脱下

　　(2)The plane will take_off soon．()

　　答案：起飞

　　(3)He took two weeks off in August.()

　　答案：休假

　　(4)Her singing career took_off after her TV appearance.()

　　答案：突然大受欢迎、迅速流行

　　11 .turn up　出现，到场；开大(音量、水等)

　　(回归课本P25)When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.

　　我第一次站在台上紧张得真想退缩下来，但我的朋友们说服了我去克服它。

　　归纳拓展

　　turn against反对

　　turn down拒绝；调低

　　turn．..into...(使)变成；翻译成

　　turn off/on关上/打开(收音机、电灯等)

　　turn over使翻转；移交

　　turn to翻到，转到；向……求助

　　turn out在场；出席；生产；结果是，原来是

　　①The letter turned up among the waste paper that I was going to throw away.

　　那封信是在我准备扔掉的废纸里找到的。

　　②The police investigation hasn’t turned up any new evidence.警方调查没有发现任何新的证据。

　　例句探源

　　13．None of us expected the chairman to __________ at the party.We thought he was still in hospital.

　　A．turn inB．turn over

　　C．turn up

　　D．turn down

　　解析：选C。考查turn短语辨析。句意：我们当中没有人预料到主席会出现在晚会上。我们都认为他还在住院。turn up“出现，到场”；turn in“上交”；turn over“翻转，移交”；turn down“拒绝；关小”。故选C。

　　14．According to the report，farmers should __________ better farming methods to get a higher grain production．

　　A．turn to

　　B．turn down

　　C．attend to

　　D．take over

　　解析：选A。考查动词词组辨析。句意：根据报告，农民应该转向更好的农耕方法来获得谷物的高产量。turn to转向；turn down调小，拒绝；attend to照看，处理；take over 接管。

　　12 .back out　决定不履行(允诺的事)；食言；退出

　　(回归课本P25)．..I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it.

　　……我试图退出，可我的朋友说服了我去克服它。

　　归纳拓展

　　back away向后退，退缩，躲开

　　back down放弃(观点，意见，要求等)；承认(错误)；认输

　　back off后退；不再逼迫(某人)做(考虑)某事back up支持，证实

　　①(朗文P110)The waiter backed away from the table，bowing slightly.

　　这个服务员从桌旁向后退，欠身鞠了个躬。

　　②(朗文P110)When presented with the evidence，the suspect backed down．

　　拿出证据后，疑犯终于认罪了。

　　③Once you have given your words，don’t try to back out.

　　一旦答应了人家，就不要食言。

　　例句探源

　　15．—You promised to help—you mustn’t __________ now.

　　—No，I won’t.

　　A．pick out　B．back out

　　C．make out

　　D．take out

　　解析：选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你答应帮忙了，你决不能不履行诺言。——不，我不会不履行的。pick out“挑出”；back out“决定不履行(允诺的事)”；make out“辨认出，了解”；take out“带出去”。故选B。

　　13 .get across　使理解(某事)；使明白，表达，通过

　　(回归课本P25)It’s difficult to get across how exciting it is!

　　很难表达那是多么令人激动！

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①He’s not very good at getting his ideas across.

　　他不善于表达思想。

　　②If everyone keeps in line，we’ll get through the customs more quickly.

　　如果大家都遵守秩序，我们会很快通过海关。

　　③She seemed to have got over her distress.

　　她似乎摆脱了她的悲痛心情。

　　16．(2010年高考浙江卷)After that，he knew he could __________ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.

　　A．get away withB．get on with

　　C．get through

　　D．get across

　　解析：选C。本题考查与get相关的短语辨析。get away with侥幸逃脱；get on with与……友好相处；get through接通，顺利通过，完成；get across被理解，越过。句意：经过那件事之后，他明白了他能尽一切可能去顺利解决任何突发情况。

　　17．介、副词填空

　　(1)As soon as I got to the office，I got down __________ all this work.

　　答案：to

　　(2)Would you get the washing __________？It’s going to rain．

　　答案：in

　　(3)It took a long time to get __________ to the workers the way the system worked.

　　答案：across

　　(4)The next time I saw him he had got __________ his anger and disappointment.

　　答案：over

　　14.break down　损坏，不能运转；击倒；失败；失去控制；把……分解

　　(回归课本P28)First，his two sledges broke down，and then the horses began to have serious difficulties with the snow and the cold.

　　先是他的两辆雪橇坏了，后来马匹开始应付不了大雪和严寒的天气。

　　归纳拓展

　　break out (坏事)突然发生；爆发

　　break away (from)逃脱；挣脱；脱离

　　break in闯入；打断；插嘴

　　break into闯进；开始做……；打断

　　break off停止；断绝(关系)；中断(讨论)；折断；使断开

　　break through冲破；突破

　　break up打碎、粉碎；使(关系)破裂；终止；制止，驱散；放假

　　break with与……绝交；与……决裂；破除，改变

　　例句探源

　　①(牛津P234)The sun broke through at last in the afternoon．

　　下午太阳终于拨云而出。

　　②The peace talks are said to have broken down．

　　据说和谈破裂了。

　　③Don’t break in when the adventurer is telling his own story.

　　当冒险家在讲他自己的经历时，别打断他。

　　④The thief broke off the rope and ran away.

　　那个小偷挣脱了绳子，逃走了。

　　⑤The crowd started to break up when the night fell.

　　天黑时人群开始散开了。

　　18．I was still sleeping when the fire________，and then it spread quickly.

　　A．broke out B．put out

　　C．came out

　　D．got out

　　解析：选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我仍在睡觉时，突然发生了大火，接着它迅速蔓延。break out突然发生；put out扑灭；come out泄露，出版；get out逃离。

　　19．The computer system________suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.

　　A．broke down

　　B．broke out

　　C．broke up

　　D．broke in

　　解析：选A。句意：当他在网上搜寻信息时，电脑系统突然不能运转。break down损坏，不能运转；break out爆发；break up拆开，打破；break in闯入。

　　15 .run out of　用尽，用光，耗尽

　　(回归课本P28)The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food.

　　人们很快就精疲力尽而且粮食也都用光了。

　　易混解析

　　run out，run out of，use up

　　三个词组都意为“用完了”。

　　(1)run out为不及物动词短语，主语为物，不能用于被动语态。

　　(2)run out of为及物动词短语，主语为人。

　　(3)use up为及物动词短语，主语为人。

　　①Food in the flooded area ran_out fast since more and more people became homeless.

　　②They have used_up their money.

　　20．She has __________ the money saved by her mother，which __________ in a bank for her education．

　　A．ran out of；had put　

　　B．run out；have put

　　C．run out of；was put

　　D．run off；was put

　　解析：选C。句意：她已经花完了她母亲所攒的钱，即那笔存在银行的她的教育经费。第一空应填run out of，此处run为过去分词。第二空根据句意应用被动语态。故选C。

　　16 .stand by　坚持(某种)说法；站在旁边；袖手旁观；遵守

　　(回归课本P26)But Marco always stood by his tales.

　　但是马克总是坚持他所讲的故事是真的。

　　归纳拓展

　　例句探源

　　①There were no seats left so I had to stand up.

　　没有座位了，所以我只好站着。

　　②Yao Ming stands out in the crowd.

　　在人群中姚明很显眼。

　　21．结合下列句子，翻译出stand by的不同含义

　　(1)I’m willing to stand_by anything I’ve promised.

　　()

　　答案：遵守，恪守

　　(2)We can not stand_by and allow such a thing.

　　()

　　答案：袖手旁观，无动于衷

　　(3)I’ll stand_by you whatever happens.()

　　答案：支持

　　句型梳理

　　1【教材原句】　I can’t stand_doing_boring_sports.(P24)

　　我无法忍受做乏味的运动。

　　【句法分析】　stand(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事，前面常加can，could，多用于否定句、疑问句。不可用于进行时态。有时也用stand to do sth.。

　　①I can’t stand him interrupting all the time.

　　他老是插嘴，真让我受不了。

　　②He can’t stand being kept waiting.

　　老让他等着，他可不干。

　　③I can’t stand the hot weather.

　　我无法忍受这种热天气。

　　22．翻译句子

　　你能忍受被当小孩子看待吗？

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　答案：Can you stand being treated as a child?

　　2【教材原句】　Although people enjoyed reading his book，many of them thought that Marco’s stories about China were too_fantastic_to_be_true.(P26)

　　尽管人们喜欢读他的书，但是很多人认为马可讲的关于中国的故事太离奇了，令人难以置信。

　　【句法分析】　(1)该句中使用了too...to...结构，意为“太……而不能……”，too后面跟形容词(或副词)，但当其后接形容词修饰单数可数名词时，要把不定冠词a(n)放在形容词之后。

　　(2)在too...to...句式中，若too后接glad，pleased，happy，eager，anxious，willing，ready，easy等表示心情、情绪等的形容词，表示肯定意义，too相当于very。

　　(3)如果too前有否定词never或not，(即never/not too...to...)，或者不定式前有not，(即too...not to do...时)，这两种形式均表示肯定意义。

　　(4)can’t...too...表示“无论怎样……也不过分”。

　　(5)too...to句式可以与not enough...to...或so...that...句式相互转换。

　　①He is too weak to carry the box.＝He isn’t strong enough to carry the box.＝He is so weak that he can’t carry the box.

　　他太弱了，搬不动这个箱子。

　　②They seemed to be too nervous and were too anxious to leave.

　　他们看起来非常紧张，并且急于离开。

　　③They are all too satisfied to take the opinions of others.

　　他们都乐于接受别人的意见。

　　④He is too wise not to solve this problem.

　　他非常聪明，必能解决这个问题。

　　⑤I cannot thank you too much.

　　我怎么感谢你也不过分。

　　23．完成句子

　　(1)当她看到玛丽那么生气时，她非常吃惊。

　　She was __________ surprised __________ see how angry Mary was.

　　答案：too；to

　　(2)她会很乐意帮助你的。

　　She will be __________ __________ pleased __________ help you.

　　答案：only too；to

　　(3)她那么细心，不会没注意到它的。

　　She is __________ __________ __________ __________ have noticed it.

　　答案：too careful not to