银监会印发风控指导意见

近日，银监会印发《中国银监会关于银行业风险防控工作的指导意见》，在全国范围内进一步加强银行业风险防控工作，切实处置一批重点风险点，消除一批风险隐患，严守不发生系统性风险底线。

Chinese 100 yuan banknotes are seen in a counting machine while a clerk counts them at a branch of a commercial bank in Beijing, in this March 30, 2016 file picture. [Photo/Agencies]

China will enhance risk control throughout the banking sector to eliminate financial risks in major fields, the country's top banking regulator announced Monday.

银监会10日宣布，将在全国范围内进一步加强银行业风险防控工作，消除重点领域金融风险。

《指导意见》明确了银行业风险防控的重点领域，既包括信用风险（credit risks）、流动性风险（liquidity risks）、房地产领域风险（risks in the real estate sector）、地方政府债务违约风险（local government debt default risks）等传统领域风险，又包括债券波动风险（bond risks）、交叉金融产品风险（risks of cross-market financial products）、互联网金融风险（internet finance risks）、外部冲击风险（risks of external impact）等非传统领域风险，基本涵盖了银行业风险的主要类别。

《指导意见》指出，银行业金融机构要严格落实信贷及类信贷资产的分类标准和操作流程（implement the classification standard and operating process of credit assets），真实、准确和动态地反映资产风险状况；加强统一授信（unified credit granting）、统一管理（unified management），严格不同层级的审批权限；加强授信风险审查，有效甄别高风险客户，防范多头授信、过度授信、给“僵尸企业”（zombie enterprises）授信、给“空壳企业”（shell companies）授信、财务欺诈等风险。

常见金融词汇表达

信誉风险 reputational risk

风险评级 risk rating

到期不还贷 default on a loan

资不抵债 insolvency; be insolvent

亚洲金融危机 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)

投资(贷款)组合 investment (loan) portfolio

外汇储备充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves

中国金融业问题 problems with financial sector in China

储蓄比例过高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply

国有企业产负债率过高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,

国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks

少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务 insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions

不良贷款 non-performing loans

防范和化解金融风险 address financial risks