2017高考英语人教版一轮学案：必修五 Unit3　Life in the future

　　Unit3　Life in the future

　　1、impression n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)I have the impression that I've seen that man before.

　　(2)The robber left an impression of his feet in the mud.

　　(3)The new teacher made a good impression on the students.

　　(4)My advice seemed to make little impression on him.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 影响；效果　B. 压印；印记；压痕　C. 模糊的观念；感想　D. 印象

　　(1) C　(2) B　(3) D　(4) A

　　impression of sth. / doing sth. / that … 对……的印象

　　leave / have / make a…impression on sb. / that… 给……留下……的印象

　　impress sth. on / upon sb. / one's mind ＝ impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下……的印象

　　be under the impression that…原以为……

　　He was under the impression that I were coming tomorrow. 他还以为我明天才来呢。

　　impress vt.

　　使留下印象；铭记

　　impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的

　　根据情景，在下列空格中填入恰当的单词

　　The city of Hangzhou is really an (1) impressive place. Especially, the famous West Lake always leaves quite an (2) impression on the visitors. I was strongly (3) impressed by its beauty the first time I saw it.

　　2、constant adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The babies need constant attention from their parents.

　　(2)He couldn't finish the task in time because of the constant interruptions.

　　(3)He is driving his car at a constant speed of 100 meters per hour on the high way.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 经常的　B. 不断的，反复的　C. 固定的，恒定的

　　(1) A　(2) B　(3) C

　　constantly adv. 不断地，经常地，反复地

　　根据括号内的汉语提示填空

　　The mother said to her little son before she died, “Nothing in the world is constant (固定的). I mean everything is constantly (不断地)changing. So you should pay constant (经常的) attention to the things around you, and correct your decision in time. ”

　　3、previous adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Don't be too previous about refusing.

　　(2)Have you ever had any previous career experience?

　　(3)She has two children from the previous marriage.

　　(4)Previous to the conference, we discussed the problem among ourselves.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 以前的，过去的，旧的　B. 先前的，事前的　C. 在……之前的　D. 过早的，过急的

　　(1) D　(2) B　(3) A　(4) C

　　previous to sth. 在……之前

　　previous experience 以前的经历

　　be previous in / about doing sth. 过早(过急)做某事

　　previously adv. 以前地，先前地

　　选用上述单词或短语完成下列情景

　　(1)Previous to the interview, he had prepared for it very carefully. So he finally managed to be admitted to the company. Because of his (2) previous experience (以前的经历) of working in a bigger company, he did everything well. But he knew he shouldn't be too (3) 　previous in / about (急于……) being successful. The most important thing he should do at this time was try his best to deal with everything better.

　　4、tolerate v.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)

　　I cannot tolerate your bad manners.

　　(2)

　　Our teacher won't tolerate any cheating on exams.

　　(3)

　　Some people cannot tolerate penicillin.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 忍受；容忍，宽恕　B. 对(药物等)有耐力　C. 容许，不干预；承认，尊重

　　(1) A　(2) C　(3) B

　　tolerate sth. 宽容、忍受某事

　　tolerate sb. doing sth. 容忍、忍受某人做某事

　　have tolerance for… 忍受……

　　beyond tolerance 无法忍受

　　show tolerance towards sb. 对某人宽容

　　be tolerant of 容忍；忍受；对……宽容

　　tolerable adj. 可接受的；过得去的(反义词：intolerable)

　　tolerably adv. 相当，尚可

　　tolerant adj. 宽容的，宽大的

　　tolerance n. 宽容，宽大；忍耐力；耐药性(反义词：intolerance)

　　用tolerate的适当形式填空

　　Recently, there is one thing that I can hardly (1) tolerate. It is the (2) intolerable music coming from a nearby shop. Actually, it is beyond my (3) tolerance. But my mother always tells me that I should be (4) tolerant of that noise. Anyway, they need it to attract more customers.

　　4、tolerate v.

　　5、lack v. & n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Lack_of vitamin B can produce a variety of symptoms.

　　(2)His parents made sure that he lacked for nothing.

　　(3)Water is a lack of this area.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 缺少，缺乏 (v. )　B. 缺少，缺乏(n. )　C. 缺少的东西

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) C

　　lack vt. 缺少；没有

　　lack for nothing 应有尽有

　　be lacking in… 缺乏(某种品质或技能)

　　for / through lack of 因缺少、缺乏……

　　选用上述单词或短语完成下列小片段

　　His girlfriend thought that he must be a person (1) lacking for nothing, which meant that he was rich. But he (2) lacked the courage to tell her the truth. Then after he bought a small flat, he couldn't afford to buy more equipment for his new flat because of (3) lack of money. Finally, he said to her, “ If I marry you, I think our marriage will be (4) lacking in love. So I have to say goodbye to you. ”

　　你可以用几种方式来表达“缺少……”？

　　__________________________________________

　　__________________________

　　a lack of sth. / lack (for) sth. / be lacking in sth. / be / go short of sth.

　　6、flash n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The photographer brought his flash here.

　　(2)The latest flash from the capital says that the fighting has been escalated.

　　(3)There was a flash of lightning a moment ago.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 简短的电讯；资讯快报

　　B. 【摄】闪光摄影术；闪光灯C. 闪电，闪烁

　　(1) B　(2)A　(3)C

　　flash by 飞驰而过

　　a flash of 闪光，闪现

　　a flash of hope 一线希望

　　in a flash 即刻，一瞬间

　　用flash的正确形式填空并解释其含义

　　One night when a friend and I were walking in the street, we found the driver of a red car behind was (1) flashing (使闪烁，使闪光) the lights at us. Then, the car stopped beside us, and out came a beautiful lady — one of our classmates when in Senior School. At that moment, I remembered the news which had been (2) flashed(迅速传遍) through the whole town that she

　　had married a millionaire who was more than twenty years older than her. She (3) flashed (亮出) her expensive car and her luxurious life. Suddenly, a worry about her marriage (4) flashed(想法等闪现)　across my mind. After a short chat, she drove her car (5) flashing(飞驰而过) by us at an incredible speed.

　　7、optimistic adj. (反义词：pessimistic adj. 悲观的)

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He is always optimistic about his future though he had experienced many failures.

　　(2)The little girl was optimistic that her mother would never be away from her.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 乐观地认为……　B. 对……很乐观

　　(1) B　(2) A

　　be optimistic about sth.

　　对……很乐观，对……抱着乐观的态度

　　be optimistic that… 乐观地认为……

　　optimism n.

　　乐观主义，乐观论 (反义词：pessimism)

　　optimist n.

　　乐观主义者，乐天派 (反义词：pessimist)

　　根据括号内的汉语提示填空

　　His job is hard but without much money. However, he is always (1) optimistic about (对……很乐观) it. Every time his boss asked him to do this or that, he took his efforts to do it (2) optimistically (乐观地), because he is (3) optimistic that (乐观地认为) his boss will give him a rise after he finishes all his task successfully.

　　8、desert v．&n.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The guard deserted his post.

　　(2)The writer decided to live in the Sahara Desert for some time.

　　(3)The baby's mother deserted him soon after giving birth.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 遗弃，抛弃　B. 擅离(职守等)　C. 沙漠

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　desert one's post擅离职守

　　desert one's family

　　/ wife and children / friends

　　背弃家庭 / 妻儿 / 朋友

　　deserted adj. 被抛弃的；无人居住的

　　deserter n.

　　遗弃者，擅离职守者，逃兵

　　desertion n.

　　遗弃，擅离职守，逃脱

　　根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面的情景

　　Because of his (1) desertion (擅离职守), his company was completely destroyed by a big fire. To avoid being punished, he had to (2) desert (抛弃，遗弃) his wife and children and went to a (3) deserted (无人居住的)island for his rest life.

　　9、instant adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)I need an instant reply.

　　(2)The flood victims were in instant need of help.

　　(3)He often eats out at an instant Chinese restaurant.

　　(4)Please send me an email the instant you reach Sichuan.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 紧急的，迫在眉睫的　B. 立即的，立刻的

　　C. 一……就……　D. 速溶的，速食的

　　(1) B　(2) A　(3) D　(4) C

　　instantly adv. 立刻，马上；一……就……

　　the instant (that) / instantly…(＝ as soon as) 一……就……

　　She began to cry the instant she read the letter from her mother.

　　她一读妈妈来的那封信就哭了起来。

　　根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面的情景

　　Suddenly an earthquake hit the area of Sichuan. (1) For an instant (一瞬间)all the buildings were in ruins. The victims were (2) in instant need of help (急需救助). People in the other provinces of China organized together spontaneously to do what they can to help the victims (3) instantly / the instant　 (一……就)they heard the bad news. (4) In an instant (立刻) hundreds of thousands of (5) instant (速食的)noodles were ready to be send to the front.

　　你能用几种句型来翻译下面这句话：“我一见到那张老照片就想起了我美好的童年时光。”

　　(1) As soon as I saw the old picture, I was reminded of my nice childhood.

　　＝ The moment / instant / minute

　　/ second I saw the old picture, I was reminded of my nice childhood.

　　＝ Instantly / Immediately / Directly I saw the old picture, I was reminded of my nice childhood.

　　＝ Hardly / Scarcely had I seen the old picture when I was reminded of my nice childhood.

　　＝ No sooner had I seen the old picture than I was reminded of my childhood.

　　10、greedy adj.

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)Don't be so greedy — leave some of the food for the rest of us.

　　(2)She is greedy for success.

　　(3)The dictator was greedy for power.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 贪婪的，贪心的　B. 贪吃的　C. 渴望的

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　be greedy to do sth. / for sth. 渴望做某事

　　be greedy for sth. / of sth. 对……很贪婪

　　greed n.

　　贪婪，贪心

　　greedily adv. 贪心地，贪婪地，贪得无厌地

　　用greedy的正确形式填空

　　He is (1) greedy to be a millionaire. That is to say, he has a strong (2) greed of money. So he does everything (3) greedily to earn more money.

　　表示“渴望做某事”的还有哪些？

　　be eager for / to do sth., be hungry for / to do sth., be thirsty for / to do sth., look forward to doing sth., have an itch for sth., be anxious for / to do sth.

　　11、take up

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)He took_up his bag and went away.

　　(2)It took_up a whole morning for her to finish doing the task.

　　(3)He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took_up English.

　　(4)I'm going to take this matter up with my lawyer.

　　(5)The big table takes_up too much space.

　　(6)Where did you stop last time? Now let's take it up.

　　(7)I will take you up on your invitation some other day.

　　(8)Five o'clock. OK? I will take you up at home.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 接某人　B. 拿起，举起　C. 占据，占领　

　　D. 花费，消耗　E. 开始着手做某事　

　　F. 继续(中断的谈话)

　　G. 接受某人的提议或约会　I. 处理，讨论

　　(1) B　(2) D　(3) E　(4) I　

　　(5) C　(6) F　(7) G　(8) A

　　take after 与……相像

　　take as 把……当作，认为

　　take apart 拆开(机器等)

　　take away 拿走，夺走，带走

　　take back 收回(所说的话)

　　take…for…(错)当作，误以为

　　take down 取下，记下，拆卸

　　take in 接受，吸收；包括；领会，理解；欺骗

　　take on 呈现；承担；开始雇佣

　　take out 拿出，除去

　　take over 接管，接任(工作等)；占据

　　take off

　　拿走；脱下(衣帽等)；起飞；(事业等)取得成功

　　take to对……产生好感，开始喜欢开始从事

　　用take短语的适当形式填空

　　He is a happy man who has a beautiful wife and a lovely son. He always (1) takes down some interesting words from his son into his diary. He once said that the diary would be the special gift for his son when the boy was eighteen years old. One morning he was playing with his son. Suddenly the little child (2) took away the toy train from his hands and (3) took it apart. So he was very angry and scolded the boy. Looking at

　　his son's frightened face, he at once realized that he should (4) take back　what he said. At that time, he remembered that he had promised to (5) take his boss

　　up at his office, who would take 12：00 flight to Hong Kong. They hurried to the airport just before the plane (6) took off. After that, he came back to his office to (7)　take over any job the boss had left to do.

　　11、take up

　　12、lose sight of

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The driver lost_sight_of the car he was following.

　　(2)Never lose_sight_of the fact that you speak for us all.

　　(3)We lost_sight_of her after she went abroad.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 失去某人的音讯　B. 看不见，不再看见……　C. 忘记，忽略

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　come into sight 进入视野，映入眼帘

　　go out of sight 从视野内消失

　　get / have / catch sight of 看得见，发现

　　lose one‘s sight 失明

　　at first sight 乍一看

　　at the sight of 看到……

　　out of sight 看不见，看不到

　　in / within sight 在视野之内

　　in one's sight 在某人看来

　　Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。(谚)

　　选用上述短语完成下列句子

　　(1)I saw her for a moment, but then lost sight of　her in the crowd.

　　(2)When I got on the bus, I caught sight of an empty seat at the back.

　　(3)Finally the famous tower came into sight.

　　(4)He fell in love with the lovely girl at first sight.

　　(5)I watched the train go farther and farther until it was out of sight.

　　(6)For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree in sight.

　　12、lose sight of

　　13、sweep up

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The strong wind swept_up the leaves off the street.

　　(2)She swept her little child and went away.

　　(3)Please help me to sweep_up the waste paper in the room.

　　根据语义找匹配

　　A. 打扫；扫除　B. 横扫；掠过　C. 一把抱起某人

　　(1) B　(2) C　(3) A

　　sweep aside 拒不理会；无视

　　sweep away 扫除，消除，消灭

　　sweep off 拂去，扫去

　　sweep back (把头发)梳向后面

　　sweep a person off (浪等)把某人冲得站不住脚

　　sweep the board (赌博)通吃，获得大成功

　　make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除；把……废除

　　at one sweep 一举，一挥，一扫

　　运用以上短语完成下面的情景

　　They quarelled with each other about whether she should work abroad or not. Then he rushed outside without saying a word. She (1) swept her long hair back　 (把长头发梳起) from her face and began to give the room a complete clean. Gradually, she realized that it was all her fault to (2) sweep his idea aside (不理会，无视他的建议). Just at that time, he

　　came into the house, smiling. She ran towards him. He (3) swept her up (一把将她抱起)in his arms. She knew all doubts had (4) been swept away (消除，消灭，打消)．

　　14、speed up

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)The car sped_up when there was no one in the street.

　　(2)Plenty of fresh air and exercise will speed_up his recovery.

　　根据语义找匹配：A. 加快B. 加速，提速

　　(1)B　(2)A

　　pick up speed 加速

　　reduce speed 减速

　　with all speed 尽快地

　　at high / low / full / top speed 以高 /

　　低 / 全 / 最高速

　　at a speed of 以……的速度

　　运用以上短语完成下面的情景

　　He is a good driver. During most of time, he drives his car (1) at the speed of 60 kilometers per hour. But today there was an injured person in his car. So he gradually (2) sped up when he drove on the wide road and after a while, he began to drive his car (3) at full / high / top speed to send the injured to the nearest hospital. When they were at the turning in front of the hospital, the car (4) reduced speed. Quickly, he stopped the car and carried the injured to the operation room.

　　含有“up”的常考的词还有：

　　break up 分解，(关系等)破裂

　　give up 放弃

　　bring up 抚养长大，培养

　　call up 打电话

　　come up 走上前来

　　clear up 整理，收拾

　　clean up 打扫干净

　　cut up 切碎

　　do up 包起来，扎起来，整理，扣上

　　end up 结束

　　get up 起来，起床

　　keep up 保持，继续

　　look up 查找

　　make up 编造，打扮，凑足(人数)

　　选用上述短语完成下列句子

　　(5)On Sundays, she always gets up very late. Then she cleans up all the rooms. After that, she often calls up her friends to see if they are free. If so, they go shopping together.

　　(6)If you meet the new words in your reading, please look them up in the dictionary.

　　(7)In the Disneyland, all the girl workers should do up their hair.

　　(8)Just tell us the truth. Don't make up the story.

　　(9)He was brought up by his uncle after his parents died.

　　15、At first my new surroundings were difficult to_tolerate. (P18)

　　开始的时候，新的环境让我难以容忍。

　　(1)I have a lot of homework to_do.

　　我有很多功课要做。

　　(2)The job his boss asked him to do is hard to_finish in such a short time. 老板要求他做的那份工作很难能在这么短的时间内完成。

　　在运用不定式时，我们常发现用主动来代替被动的现象：

　　(1)例1中，to do 是来修饰前面的名词homework的，作后置定语，解释为“要做的功课”，理应用被动的结构，但当句子的主语I 与不定式中所包含的动词do有“主谓关系”的时候，我们常用主动来代替被动。

　　I am going to the supermarket. Would you have anything to buy? (我打算去超市。你有东西要买吗？) 说话人的意图是：如果你也要买东西，那么我们一起去。因此，不定式中的动词 buy 的动作执行者是句子的主语you, 这样它们就构成了“主谓关系”，所以用主动来代替被动。但若把句子改成：

　　I am going to the supermarket. Would you have anything to be taken? (我打算去超市。你有东西要带吗？) 很显然，这里的不定式中的动词take的动作执行者是I，而不是句子的主语you，因此它们没有构成“主谓关系”，就要用被动，即用to be taken 来修饰anything。

　　(2)例2中，to finish 是作状语的。当不定式to finish和句子的主语the job之间构成了“动宾关系”时，即finish the job，我们也可以用主动来代替被动。又如：

　　The river is dangerous to swim in. (不定式的动词swim in和句子的主语the river 构成了动宾关系，就可以用主动的结构。)

　　翻译句子

　　(1) 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。

　　The chair is comfortable to sit on.

　　这些穷人们没钱买食物，也没地方居住。

　　These poor people have no money to buy food with and no place to live in.

　　16、However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market… (P18)

　　然而，当我们看不见王平的时候，我们到了一个看起来像是大市场的地方……

　　根据语境猜词义

　　(1)I am sure that_he_will_pass_the_examination.

　　(2)We haven't settled the question of whether it is necessary for_him_to_study_abroad.

　　(3)Please remind me when_he_said_he_was_going. I may be in time to see him off.

　　这是考查宾语从句的用法：

　　例(1)中，主句I am sure 后面跟一个陈述句，用that来引导，that常可省略；但如果后面跟两个或两个以上的从句，则只有第一个that可以省略，其他的都不能省略；

　　Having checked the doors were closed, and that all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.

　　例(2)中，主句后跟一个一般疑问句，成为宾语从句后，用if 或 whether来引导，从句的语序要改成陈述句。其中，如果是跟在介词后面作宾语从句的，则只能用whether来引导；

　　例(3)中，主句后跟一个特殊疑问句，成为宾语从句后，把特殊疑问词作为引导词，从句的语序改成陈述句。

　　根据括号内的汉语提示完成下面的句子

　　(1)I consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation (他应当改进他的发音)．

　　(2)I depend on whether you can do the job well (你是否可以把这个工作做好)．

　　(3)I can't imagine how he can finish such a hard job (他是如何完成这么艰巨的任务的)．

　　(4)Here are all my books. You can take whichever you like (任何你喜欢的书)．

　　17、Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. (P18)

　　我疲惫极了，偷偷地爬上床，很快就睡着了。

　　(1)Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.

　　(2)Horrified at what had happened, Jim could say nothing.

　　(3)He lay on the bed, awake.

　　(1)这里的exhausted是形容词作状语，表示原因。一般放在句首，句子的主语也是其逻辑主语，表原因的形容词，相当于原因状语从句。

　　Frightened,_she asked me to go with her.

　　＝Because_she_was_frightened,_she asked me to go with her. 由于害怕，她要我和她一起去。

　　(2)形容词还可以作伴随状语，表状态。

　　He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold_and_hungry. 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。

　　根据中文提示完成下列句子

　　(1)The boy lay in the sofa, relaxed (躺在沙发上，非常放松)．

　　(2)After the long journey, the three of them came back home, hungry and tired (回到家，又饿又累)．

　　(3)Surprised and happy (既惊奇又高兴), Tom came to the front and accepted the prize.

　　(4)Lost in reading (沉浸在阅读中), he didn't notice someone slide into the room.

　　() 1. (2010·福建)More and more high­rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.

　　A. in search of

　　B. in place of

　　C. for lack of

　　D. for fear of

　　C　考查介词短语。句意为：因为缺少空间，越来越多的高层建筑在城市中被建造。in search of意为“寻找……”；in place of 意为“代替，替代”；for lack of 意为“缺乏，短缺”；for fear of 意为“担心，害怕”。根据句意可知，C 是正确答案。

　　I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut. (P2)

　　() 2. (2008·全国Ⅰ)I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.

　　A. to be breathed

　　B. to breathe

　　C. breathing

　　D. being breathed

　　B　考查不定式的用法。句意为：在夏季，我喜欢很早起床。早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉很好。这里的breathe和句子的主语the morning air之间构成了动宾关系，作状语，因此可以用主动来代替被动。因此根据题意，B是正确答案。

　　At first my new surroundings were difficult to_tolerate. (P18)

　　() 3. (2010·福建)We should respect food and think about the people who don't have ______ we have here and treat food nicely.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. whether

　　C　考查宾语从句。句意为：我们应该尊重食物，考虑那些我们所拥有的东西和认真对待食物的态度。what引导的宾语从句，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。故选C项。

　　However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market. (P18)