2017届高考英语一轮复习顶尖学案:选修7 Unit 20 New Frontiers 新领域(北师大版)
核心词汇
1.His coat was ____________(用旧的,磨坏的)in several places.
2.Armed c____________is likely to break out between the two countries.
3.Jane is facing the d____________of obeying her father or marrying the man she loves.
4.She spent the morning buying ____________(纪念品,纪念物).
5.This is my ____________(固定性的;常在的)address.
6.The employment problem tends to be a city____________(现象).
7.He ____________(捐献)all his possessions to charity and the ____________(捐赠物)would be used for children in Africa.
8.Many children have been ____________(挨饿)to death in the last few years and the ____________(饥饿)seems to last in that area.
1.worn 2.conflict 3.dilemma 4.souvenirs 5.permanent 6.phenomenon 7.donated;donations 8.starved;starvation
高频短语
2.________________
提前;事先
3.________________
接管;交接
4.________________
理解
5.________________
泄露(秘密)
6.________________
弥补
7.________________
计算出;解决;想出
8.________________
更不用说
9.________________
努力解决难以处理的事物
10.________________
致力于;献身于
11.________________
以防;以免
12.________________
以……开始
13.________________
由于;因为
14.________________
而不是
15.________________
可以得到的
1.artificial;intelligence 2.in advance 3.take over
4.get across 5.give away 6.make up for 7.figure out 8.not to mention 9.wrestle with sth. 10.be dedicated to 11.in case 12.start with 13.due to 14.rather than 15.be available to
重点句式
1.By the year 2015, the clothing industry __________________ new types of material that will remain stainless ________________ you spill on them.
到2015年,服装业将生产出一种新型布料,无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。
2.We ____________ our brains ____________ these computers and a huge database.
我们将把自己的大脑与这些计算机和一个庞大的数据库相连接。
3.Amazing discoveries ____________ in medicine, communications and transport,____________________ our knowledge of the world and space.
就医学、通讯和运输方面,人类作出令人惊叹的发现,更不用说我们对世界和太空的了解了。
4.____________ the breakthroughs of
these pioneers in science and technology,whether lucky or planned,the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.
没有科技上的这些尖端突破,无论是好运带来的还是按计划取得的,我们今天的世界将完全是另一个样子。
5.______________100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighed over 30 tonnes.
它长100英尺,高10多英尺,重30多吨。
1.will have produced;no matter what 2.will be linking;to 3.were made;not to mention 4.Without 5.It measured
知识详解
1 .assist vt.& vi. 帮助,协助; 参与,出席
(回归课本P133)The new international crew are planning to take over...and assist with repairs on Alpha...
新的国际机组人员将接管……并在Alpha国际太空站上协助维修……
归纳拓展
例句探源
①(朗文P72)A man is assisting police(with their inquiries).
一名男子(被带到警署)协助警方调查。
②He always came to my assistance when I was in trouble.
我遇到麻烦时他总是帮助我。
1.Don’t be nervous.The police will________you to find her address.
A.thrill B.enlarge
C.assist
D.outline
解析:选C。assist sb.to do...“帮助某人做某事”,C项符合句意。句意:别紧张,警察会帮助你找到她的地址的。thrill“使得……惊恐”;enlarge“扩大”;outline“勾出……轮廓”。
2 .discrimination n. 差别对待;歧视
(回归课本P20)...,as everyone will have jobs and discrimination will be a part of the past.
……,因为每一个人都会有工作,歧视将成为历史。
归纳拓展
①Discrimination against blacks is still common.
歧视黑人仍是普遍现象。
②They organized to fight against racial discrimination.
他们组织起来为反对种族歧视而斗争。
例句探源
2.完成句子
We should not ________ ________ ________ ________(歧视残疾人).
答案:discriminate against the disabled
3 .dilemma n. 困境;进退两难的窘境
(回归课本P24)If you had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century,you would have a real dilemma on your hands.
如果要选择二十世纪最重要的发现,你将面临一个真正的难题。
归纳拓展
face a dilemma=be faced with a dilemma
面临左右为难的困境
be in a dilemma 处于左右为难的境地
put/place sb.into a dilemma
使某人处于左右为难的境地
on the horns of a dilemma 进退两难
例句探源
①Faced with a dilemma,he was determined to hold on.
面临着进退两难的困境,他决定顽强地坚持下去。
②I’m in a dilemma about this job offer.
对于提供的这份工作我不知道是接受还是不接受。
③The bad weather put us into a dilemma.
糟糕的天气使我们进退两难。
3.完成句子
The patient needed an operation right away,but there was no anesthetic(麻醉剂),the surgeon was________ ________ ________(处于进退两难的境地).
答案:in a dilemma
4 .donate vt. 捐赠;赠送
(回归课本P24)Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.
医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。
归纳拓展
例句探源
①Last year he donated $1,000 to cancer research.
去年他捐了1000美元支持癌症研究。
②Many people donate blood to the blood bank voluntarily.
很多人自愿地去血库献血。
③They made a generous donation.
他们做了慷慨的捐赠。
4.It is reported that the government will give all private________to floodstricken areas.
A.relationsB.intonations
C.donations
D.dominations
解析:选C。donation 捐赠(物);relation 关系;intonation 语调;domination 支配,控制。句意:据报道政府将把所有私人捐赠交给遭受洪灾的地区。
5 .correspond v. 相一致;相联系;通信
(回归课本P24)...the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.
……我们通信的方式从写信变成发电子邮件。
归纳拓展
①We’ve corresponded with each other for years but I’ve never actually met him.
我们已互相通信多年了,可是我从未见过他本人。
②Your account of events corresponds with hers.
你说的情况跟她说的相符。
③I’m sure my actions will correspond with my words.
我保证,我将言行一致。
例句探源
5.I used to________my friends by letters while now the Internet is more convenient.
A.meet with B.come up with
C.put up with
D.correspond with
解析:选D。句意:我过去和朋友们靠书信交流,而现在用互联网更方便了。correspond with“与……通信”;meet with“碰见”;come up with“提出”;put up with“容忍”。
6 .permit vt. 允许,准许 n.许可证
(回归课本P27)You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.
如果你还没有得到学生签证,是不会被允许工作的。
归纳拓展
①(2010年高考天津卷)Please note that,for safety reasons,pushchairs are not permitted in the State Apartments.
请注意,由于安全原因,折叠式幼儿小推车是不允许进入国家公寓的。
②She took the car without permission.
她未经许可擅自使用了汽车。
例句探源
易混辨析
permit,allow,let,promise
(1)permit 指强调权威性的正式批准。常用句型“permit sb. to do sth.”或“permit doing sth.”。
(2)allow 意为“允许”,暗含有默许,放纵之意。常用句型“allow sb.to do sth.”或“allow doing sth.”。
(3)let 指允许或无力阻止某事,暗指对某事采取漠不关心,听之任之的态度。常用句型“let sb. do sth.”。
(4)promise 指允诺要干某事。常用句型“promise sb.to do/promise that...”。
【温馨提示】 可以说allow/ permit sb.to do sth.,不能说allow/permit to do sth.。类似的动词还有:advise, consider,forbid 等。
①(牛津P1478)The password permits access to all files on the hard disk.
②We don’t allow smoking here.
③He promised that he would turn up on time.
④Let your body relax.
6.完成句子
天气允许的话,我明天过来。
I’ll come tomorrow________ ________ ________.
=I’ll come tomorrow,________ ________.
答案:if weather permits;weather permitting
7.Before building a house,you will have to________the government’s permission.
A.get fromB.follow
C.receive
D.ask for
解析:选D。ask for one’s permission是固定搭配,意思是“请求某人的允许”。
7 .declare vt. 宣告,宣布;声明
(回归课本P28)NASA declared that a rock from Mars proved...
NASA宣称来自火星的一块岩石表明……
归纳拓展
declare sth.宣布某事
declare sb./sth.(to be)+adj./n.
宣布某人/某物……
declare off 取消(约定等)
declare for/against sb./sth.
表示赞成/不赞成某人/某事
declare oneself 表明态度;发表意见
例句探源
①(牛津P518)The government has declared a state of emergency.
政府已宣布进入紧急状态。
②The judge declared him to be the winner.
裁判宣布他获胜。
易混辨析
announce,declare
都有“宣布,公布”之意,但各有侧重。
(1)announce指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指资讯之类的消息。
(2)declare指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布;宣告;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。
①The government announced_that all the war prisoners would be set free.
②The USA declared war on/against Japan in 1945.
8.The judges had different ideas about the results,so it was two hours before the final results were ________.
A.carried out B.let out
C.announced
D.declared
解析:选C。句意:法官们对结果持不同的意见,因此两个小时后才公布最终结果。announce多用于表示所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指资讯之类的消息;declare多用于宣战、议和等。
8 .lead to 通向,导致;to为介词,后跟名词或动名词
(回归课本P30)This invention made it much quicker and easier to reproduce written work and led to the first ever massproduction of books and literature.
这项发明使得复制作品变得更省时、省力,从而实现了书籍和文学作品的首次批量生产。
归纳拓展
lead sb.to do...使某人做……
lead sb.in doing sth.率领某人做某事
lead a simple life过着俭朴的生活
in the lead领先
take the lead带路;领先
under the lead of在……指导下
have a lead of领先
①The thieves cut the wires leading to the surveillance cameras.小偷切断了连接监视摄像头的电线。
②This crisis led to the downfall of the government.
这一危机使当时的政府倒台了。
③His carelessness led to his failure in the exam.
他的粗心大意导致他没有通过考试。
例句探源
9.翻译句子
Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.
________________________________________________________________________
解析:lead to意为“引起,造成,导致”,主语表原因,宾语表结果;lie in则意为“在于”,主语表结果,宾语表原因。
答案:辛勤工作通向成功,失败在于懒惰。
9 .be about to 即将,就要
(回归课本P24)Edwin Hubble was about to make astronomy’s greatest breakthrough of the century.
埃德温·哈勃即将作出这个世纪天文学上的最重大的突破。
易混辨析
be about to,be to do sth.,be going to
(1)be about to表示即将要发生的动作,不表示按计划安排的动作,不与at once,immediately或表示将来的时间状语连用。
(2)be to do sth.表示按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事。
(3)be going to表示“打算,想要”,也可用来表示很可能发生的事或自然现象;类似的还有be coming,be leaving等。
①Don’t go out now.We are_about_to have lunch.
②When is the plan to_be put into practice?
③I’m not going_to tell you the secret as you have a big mouth.
10.I________when there came a knock at the door.
A.am going to bed
B.just about to go to bed
C.was about to go to bed
D.have gone to bed
解析:选C。be about to do通常与when引导的从句连用。A、D两项时态不符合题意;而B项句子成分不完整。
11.—When will they leave?
—They________very soon.
A.do leave
B.are leaving
C.have left
D.leave
解析:选B。come,leave,reach,return,go,start,set out,meet,open,arrive等表示位置移动的动词,通常用其进行式与表示未来的时间副词连用,表示近期将要发生的事情。
句型梳理
1【教材原句】 By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no_matter_what you spill on them.(P20)
到2015年,服装业将生产出各种新型布料,无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。
【句法分析】 no matter what“无论什么……” 在句中引导让步状语从句。
①He sticks by his beliefs no matter what happened.
不管发生什么事,他都坚持自己的信念。
②No matter who you are,you have no right to do that.
不管你是谁,你都无权那样做。
③No matter how hard he tried,I still have no visualization of his design.
无论他怎么努力说明,我还是想像不出他的设计到底是什么样子。
【温馨提示】 no matter what/who/which只能引导让步状语从句,whatever/whoever/whichever既可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句,引导让步状语从句时两者可互换。
④No matter what you do,you should try your best.
=Whatever you do,you should try your best.
不管做什么,你都应当尽力。
⑤Take whatever you want.
你要什么就拿什么吧。
12.________team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A.No matter whatB.No matter which
C.Whatever
D.Whichever
解析:选D。whichever修饰名词team引导一个主语从句。
2【教材原句】
It measured 100_feet_long_by_over_10_feet_high_and_weighed_over_30_tonnes.(P25)
它长100英尺,高10多英尺,重30多吨。
【句法分析】 英语中,表示事物的长、宽、高、面积、年龄等,有以下句型:
(1)主语+be+数量词+形容词(long/wide/high/tall/heavy/old/large...)。
(2)主语+be+数量词+in+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area...)。
(3)主语+have/has+a+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area...)of+数量词。
(4)The+名词(length/width/height/weight/age/size/area)+of sb./sth.+be+数量词。
这根绳子长10米。
①The rope is ten metres long.
②The rope is ten metres in length.
③The rope has a length of ten metres.
④The length of the rope is ten metres.
13.翻译句子(用两种结构翻译)
这棵树有5米高。
(1)________________________________________________________________________
(2)________________________________________________________________________
答案:(1)The tree is 5 metres in height.
(2)The tree has a height of 5 metres
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