2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品同步练习：Module5 Unit5 First Aid

　　2010届高三英语一轮复习必备精品

　　Module 5 Unit5 First aid

　　高考导航

　　高考命题趋势

　　aid 是一个重点词汇，掌握其意思和固定搭配，还应该分清与help的区别。

　　dress 一词是高考考查重点词汇，备考中应熟练掌握其用法，并注意该词与非谓语和with复合结构结合的考点。 这在2005湖南卷曾经考查过。

　　present也是考纲重点词汇，属于一词多义的典型代表，平时应全面掌握该词的义项和用法，尤其是作形容词时的位置应准确把握。这一考点在2002北京卷中考查过。

　　a number of 与the number of 的区别要牢记，在考查主谓一致时常从这一角度命题。在2009年山东卷中涉及到了这一考点。

　　depend on/upon这一短语是常考的考点，尤其在交际用语的考查中，常考到这一点。

　　省略是高考考查的重点语法项目，应熟练掌握其规则要求，需要通过多做练习进行识记省略的规则。

　　【真题再现】

　　1．

　　_____________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005湖南）

　　A. Dressed

　　B. To dress

　　C. Dressing

　　D. Having dressed

　　解析：答案为A。该题考查dress的非谓语形式。Dressed in a white uniform相当于When he was dressed in a white uniform。

　　2. All the people ________ at the party were all his supporters. （ 2002北京 )

　　A.present                      B.thankful                     C.interested                  D.important

　　答案A (be) present at是“出席、在场”之意 

　　3. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990. （2009山东）

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been

　　解析：答案为C 本题考查主谓一致和时态，主语是 the number故谓语动词用单数，又因时间状语是since 1997所以用完成时态4. -- How long are you staying?

　　-- I don't know. ____. [2004江苏]

　　A. That's OK

　　B. Never mind

　　C. It depends

　　D. It doesn't matter

　　答案：C

　　it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确定”。5.

　　Some of you may have finished unit one. _____ , you can go on to unit two. （09江西）

　　A. If you may

　　B. If you do

　　C. If not

　　D. If so

　　If so = If you have done that / so 的省略。

　　6. Every evening after dinner, if not

　　from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. （09湖南）.

　　A. being tired B. tiring

　　C. tired

　　D. to be tired

　　C

　　在if引导的条件状语从句中，从句中还原应为if am not tired from work，根据省略的原则，所以答案选C7 It was _____ he came bank from Africa that wear _________ he met the girl he would like to marry.

　　（09江西）

　　A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　答案C 强调句型。根据It is ……that 结构可知。8 It was with great joy______he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.(2004年高考福建卷)

　　A.because

　　B.which

　　C.since

　　D.that答案D 去掉It was和所填词后为：with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found，结构依然完整，所以为强调句型9

　　It was evening__________we reached the little town of Winchester.（2004年高考天津卷）

　　A.that

　　B.until

　　C.since

　　D.before

　　答案为D 去掉It was和所填词后为: evening we reached the little town of Winchester, evening前缺少介词，所以不是强调句型1.aid n.& vi 帮助；援助；资助

　　2.injury n. 损伤；伤害

　　3.bleed v. 出血，流血

　　4.burn 　v. (被)烧毁；（被）烧伤

　　n. 烧伤或灼伤（的痕迹）

　　5.organ n.　 器官

　　6.treatment n. 治疗；处理；对待

　　7.mild adj. 轻微的；温和的

　　8.damage vt. & n. 损害;毁坏

　　9.present v. 给；介绍；赠送；呈现

　　10.ceremony n. 典礼；礼仪；礼节1. give / offer / do first aid to sb    perform / carry out first aid on sb. 对某人实施急救 2. fall ill 生病 3. get injured / infected / burned 受伤 / 感染 / 烧伤 4. save one’s life 挽救某人的生命 5. sense of touch 触觉 6. electric shock 触电；电休克 7. take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞 8. squeeze out 榨出；挤出 9. over and over again 反复；多次 10. in place 在适当的位置；适当 11. put one’s hands on 找到 12. present sb. with sth.     present sth. to sb. 赠予/ 给予某人某物 13. a piece of jewellery 一件珠宝 14. cause / do damage to…. 使……受到危害/ 损害 15. a number of +n. (pl. ) 若干；许多 16. stick sth. to… 贴在…….上 17. make a difference 区别 1. Burns are called first degree, second degree or third degree burns depending on which layers of the skins are burnt. 根据皮肤烧伤的层次而有一度烧伤、二度烧伤和三度烧伤 2. John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. 约翰正在房里学习，突然听到一声尖叫 3. She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily 她躺在前花园的地上，流血不止 4. There is no doubt that Jon’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 毫无疑问，是敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了。 5. It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference . 这说明了急救知识的确能发挥重要的作用 6. If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible. 如果烧伤的部位在臂部或腿部，可能的话，就要把他们抬高到高于心脏的位置。

　　重难点解读

　　I 重点单词

　　1.

　　aid n.& vi. 帮助；援助；资助

　　【用法解读】表示一般意义的“帮助”或“援助”，aid 是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“助手”、“辅助用品”，aid是可数名词。如：A dictionary is an important aid in learning a new language.(词典是学习一种新语言的重要工具)

　　aid 还可以用作动词，搭配为aid sb to do sth(其中的 to 不可省略)，也可用于 aid sb in doing sth

　　固定搭配

　　first aid 急救

　　aid vt. & n. 帮助，援助，救助

　　aid sb.

　　帮助某人

　　aid sb. with sth．

　　帮助某人(做)某事

　　aid sb. in(doing) sth．帮助某人(做)某事

　　in aid of

　　支持，为……筹措

　　first aid

　　急救【经典例句】She came to my aid.

　　她来帮助我。

　　They aided the poor country with money．

　　他们用钱帮助那个穷乡村。

　　We were aided by the police．

　　我们受到警方的援助【归纳比较】(1)with the aid of sb. = with sb.’s aid在某人的帮助下

　　With the aid of a neighbor, he managed to put out the fire. 他在邻居的帮助下把火扑灭了

　　(2)in aid of为了帮助(或救济)...

　　The collection is in aid of the blind.

　　这笔募集的捐款是用来救济盲人的

　　(3)aid sb. to do sth.= aid sb. in／with帮助某人去做……

　　I aided her to continue her study. = I aided her in continuing her study.

　　我帮助她继续做研究

　　Your advice aided her to succeed.

　　你的忠告使她取得了成功

　　（4）do/give/offer first aid to sb. 对某人施行急救

　　He hurt his arm during the volleyball match, and some of us gave him first aid. 他在排球赛中胳膊受伤了，我们几个人对他进行了急救【即学即用】改错

　　1）The family lived on government aids for two years.

　　_____________________________________________________________

　　（答案：应该为The family lived on government aid for two years. ）

　　2）We may travel on [under] the aid of a good map.

　　_______________________________________________________________

　　（答案：应该为We may travel with the aid of a good map.）

　　3）We’ve aided him finish the work ahead of time.

　　________________________________________________________________

　　（答案：应该为We’ve aided him to finish the work ahead of time.

　　或We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time） injuryn.损伤；伤害

　　【用法解读】do sb an injury 伤害某人

　　be an injury to sb/sth

　　伤害……；危害……

　　escape injury免受伤害

　　repair injury赔偿损害

　　serious／severe injuries重伤

　　a slight injury轻伤

　　【经典例句】 In the crash he suffered severe injuries to the head and arms.

　　在事故中他头部和双臂受了重伤

　　

　　He suffered severe injures in a traffic accident.

　　他在一场车祸中受了重伤

　　Many common injuries happen every day in the home.

　　家庭中每天都有许多常见的意外伤害

　　I didn't mean to do her an injury.

　　我并未打算伤害她。

　　The boy injured his leg.

　　这个男孩把腿弄伤了

　　Your remark may injure her pride.

　　你的话也许会伤她的自尊

　　【归纳比较】 

　　辨析injure，hurt与wound：

　　injure指人在意外事故中受到的伤害,用于无生命物体的损坏，更多用于对人的某个部位的损伤

　　wound 指利器或子弹对肉体造成的伤害。是出血的、严重的伤，特指战场上的受伤。也指伤感情

　　hurt 指的伤害可与injure 同样严重，也可指较轻的痛疼，常指因不小心而引起的痛苦或意外地受到伤害，hurt 也可指对认的感情的伤害

　　【即学即用】用injure，hurt与wound的正确形式填空:

　　① Ten soldiers were killed and thirty serious____________.

　　(答案：wounded)

　　② He was deeply __________ (hurt )by her dishonesty.

　　（答案：hurt）

　　③ I __________

　　my back lifting that box.

　　（答案：hurt）

　　④ In the traffic accident ten were killed and eight were________________.

　　（答案：injured）

　　⑤ She felt __________ at your words.

　　（答案: hurt）

　　⑥ The bullet

　　___________ him in the shoulder.

　　(答案: wounded)

　　3 damage vt. & n. 损害；毁坏

　　【用法解读】damage的用法主要有damage one’s health

　　do damage to

　　cause great damage

　　destroy a house / the whole city

　　【经典例句】

　　Smoking can damage your health.

　　抽烟会损害你的健康

　　

　　 Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.

　　霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害

　　【归纳比较】destroy／ruin／damage

　　三个词都有“毁灭”、“破坏”之意，但它们的含义不同：ruin强调毁灭的彻底性，并 且是一次性的行动。这种毁灭也许力量不是很大，但其严重性却使其不能修复它强调的是腩坯的长期结果；destroy指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复，有时用于比喻意义；damage则指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可以修复 He has destroyed my hope．他破坏了我的希望 The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings．地震毁坏了许多楼房 The storm ruined the crops．暴风雨毁坏了庄稼 The house across the street is in ruins．街道对面的房子已是一片废墟 The bridge was damaged by the flood． 那座桥梁被洪水损坏了 解题警示: destroy只能用作动词，，而ruin和damage既能用作动词又能用作名词

　　【即学即用】 (2004年全国Ⅲ完形)Finally the police caught me_______a phone box that had taken my last one pound coin．and I was ordered to see a psychiatrist(心理医生)．

　　A．destroying B．using C．stealing D．emptying （答案：A从上文仅仅因为电话m殴打老板判断，作者在投完硬币，无法继自打电话时，发生了不理智的行为。catch sb．destroying．．．“抓住某人破坏……”。）

　　An eahquake struck this area, ________a lot of damage．

　　A．making

　　B．causing

　　C．done

　　D．caused （答案：B．从搭配来看，mak与damage不搭配；“造成损失，损害”^do／cause damage；此处的动词与前面的句子构成逻辑主谓关系，所以需用现在分词充当结果状语。）

　　4 dress

　　v.敷裹，包扎

　　【】dress意为“穿上、穿着”，既可表示状态，也可表示动作。作动词时，宾语只能是人，而不是衣服，常构成be dressed in短语，表示状态如： She was dressed in white. 她穿了一件白衣服

　　dress up意为“打扮、穿上盛装”如： She dressed up for the gathering. 她盛装打扮去参加聚会

　　【经典例句】Immediately after his wound was dressed, he went to work.

　　Tom had to return to the camp to dress his injuries.

　　Dressed in white/a white coat, Mary went to the party.

　　We dressed up to take part in the party.

　　【归纳比较】英语中表示“穿、戴”的词还有fit on, put on, pull on, wear, dress, dress up, have on 及be in等。下面着重谈谈它们用法的异同点 1. wear, have on, be in常用来表示状态。 （1）wear意为“穿着、戴着”，是延续性动词，其一般现在时表示经常性的状态，现在进行时表示暂时情况。 （2）have on与wear同义，二者可以互换，但have on不能用于进行时。如： She is wearing a red skirt. 她穿着一件红裙子 （这里不可以说：She is having on a red skirt.） （3）另外，wear除指穿衣、鞋、袜子、戴手套外，还可表示戴首饰、手表、眼镜、佩剑、戴花、留头发等。如： He wears a watch while I wear a ring. 他戴着手表，我戴着戒指 （4）wear还可表示“带着（某种表情）”。如： Her face always wears a cheerful smile. 她脸上总是带着愉快的笑容 2. try on, fit on指“试穿”。如： She is having a new coat fitted on. 她正在试穿一件新衣服 3. put on 与pull on put on是“穿上、戴上”的意思，表示动作，是短暂性动词；pull on 指穿袜子、靴子、裤子等自下而上的“穿上”或“匆忙穿上”如： He put on more clothes before he left the office. 离开办公室前，他多穿了些衣服 注意：如果宾语是it或them，应这样表述：put it / them on；pull it / them on。

　　【即学即用】1）. —Do you know the lady ________________ in red? —I know her no matter what she ________________. A. worn; wears

　　B. putting on; dresses C. dressed; wears

　　D. wears; dresses 2）. She asked her daughter to ________________ the new dress. A. be wearing

　　B. put on

　　C. wear on

　　D. dress up as 3）. Jack is ________________ a black jacket today. A. having on

　　B. put on

　　C. wearing

　　D. dressed 4）. ________________ your coat at once. We must hurry. A. Wear

　　B. Wearing

　　C. Put on

　　D. Putting on 5）. How long does it take you to ________________ yourself? A. dress

　　B. put on

　　C. wear

　　D. have on 6）. He often ________________ a blue coat, but he ________________ a green one today. A. has on; is having on

　　B. is having on; is wearing C. wears; is putting on

　　D. wears; is wearing 7）. She ________________ her old gloves and ran out of the door. A. had on

　　B. dressed

　　C. wore

　　D. pulled on 8）. How splendid the emperor looks ________________ his new clothes! A. with

　　B. in

　　C. on

　　D. upon

　　Key： （答案：1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C5. A 6. D 7. D 8. B）

　　【】_________________ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.（2005湖南） A. Dressed B. To dress

　　C. Dressing

　　D. Having dressed 解析：答案为A。该题考查dress的非谓语形式。Dressed in a white uniform相当于When he was dressed in a white uniform5 present

　　n.礼物 ,目前 adj.在场，出席，当前的

　　v.颁发，授予，赠给【用法解读】1) present作动词，表示“给予，赠送”之意，常用于present sth．to sb．或present sb．with sth．

　　搭配中，此外，present作动词还有“呈现，显示；阐述，表达；引见”等意思

　　2)另外，present还有以下几种用法：

　　(1)形容词，既可作前置修饰语，也可作表语，常有“现存的，现在的；在场的，出席的”等含义

　　(2)present作不可数抽象名词时，表示区别过去或将来的“现在”；作可数名词时，意为“礼物”

　　相关短语：

　　the present day

　　今天(=today)

　　at present／at the present time＝now 现在

　　for the present

　　暂时

　　the present

　　现在(相当于名词)

　　【经典例句】The same problem presented itself to her again.

　　同样的问题又在她身上出现

　　He presented the school with a check for one million dollars.

　　他赠予学校一张一百万美元的支票

　　May I present you to my husband?

　　我可以把您介绍给我丈夫吗?

　　The present president is a woman．

　　现任总统是位女士

　　She was present at the meeting．

　　她出席了会议

　　We learn from the past，experience the present and hope for success in the future．

　　我们学习过去，体验现在，希望未来成功

　　I got many presents for my birthday．

　　我收到很多生日礼物。【】1）There are plenty of jobs ______ in the western part of the country. (2008浙江)

　　A. present B. available C. precious D. convenient

　　（答案B。 A.在场的B.可用的，可得到的，C.珍贵的，D方便的，根据句意选择B。）

　　2）All the people ________ at the party were all his supporters. （ 2002北京 )

　　A.present                      B.thankful                     C.interested                  D.important

　　（答案：A (be) present at是“出席、在场”之意。 ）

　　bleed 的用法【用法解读】

　　(1) bleed vt./vi. 出血，流血了；放血；引申义为“为国家、正义等流血、牺牲”。

　　(2) bleed vt. (对人)勒索、敲诈钱财

　　派生词：

　　blood　 n.　 血，血液

　　bloody adj. 血染的，出血的

　　bloodless adj. 不流血的，无伤亡的【经典例句】Doctors used to bleed people when they were ill.

　　从前医生常常给病人放血

　　If you cut your finger, it will bleed.

　　如果你割破手指，它就会流血The blackmailers bled him for every penny he had.

　　勒索者把他的钱榨得一干二净

　　【归纳比较】（1）bleed for… （为事业、祖国）负伤或牺牲；难过

　　We’ll never forget those who bled for the revolution. 我们永远不会忘记为革命献身的人们

　　My heart bleeds for those poor unhappy children.

　　对那些不幸的穷孩子我心里感到很难过

　　（2）bleed sb（for sth） 向某人勒索（钱财等）

　　He was bled for every penny he had.

　　他的钱被榨得一干二净

　　（3）bleed to death 流血过多而死 He was slowly bleeding to death.

　　他正慢慢流血而死1.

　　fall ill生病【经典例句】Hearing the bad news,　he fell ill.

　　听到坏消息后，他病了

　　【归纳拓展】fall在这里是连系动词，在短语中意为“变得，变成”，类似短语还有：

　　fall off

　　跌落

　　fall behind落后

　　fall ill(sick)

　　病了

　　fall asleep入睡

　　fall down

　　掉下；倒塌

　　fall in love with… 爱上……

　　fall off

　　脱落；减少；从……上掉下

　　fall into the habit of…

　　养成……的习惯

　　fall over

　　跌倒；翻倒；落到……上

　　fall from a tree

　　从树上掉下来

　　fall silent 沉默

　　【即学即用】The boy______________ the wall and hurt his right leg.

　　那个男孩从墙上掉下来伤了右腿fell off)

　　He didn’t want to others in his studies.

　　他不想在学习上落后于别人。fall behind)

　　2 in place 在适当的位置；适当

　　【经典例句】

　　I like everything to be in place.

　　我喜欢一切东西都放在原来的地方。

　　With everything in place,　she started the slide show.

　　一切就绪，她开始放幻灯片

　　【归纳拓展】

　　place作名词时，其含义为“场所；地方；位置；席位”，在in place这个短语中多是用作比喻。

　　其反义词为out of place。这两个短语多放在be之后作表语。

　　类似短语：

　　be in／out of order

　　有条理／无条理；坏了

　　be in／out of control

　　正常／失控

　　be in／out of danger

　　有危险／脱离危险

　　in place of...＝take the place of...代替；取代

　　give place to 为……取代；让位于　

　　【即学即用】【】His efforts to raise money for his program were ______ because, no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.

　　A. in place

　　B. in sight

　　C. in effect

　　D. in vain

　　【答案】D.

　　【解析】考查介词短语。根据下文no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets可知为集资做出的努力都白费了，应选择in vain。in place“和平地”，in sight“在视程内”，in effect“实际上” 。

　　3 a number of 若干，许多【经典例句】

　　I've seen the movie a number of times.

　　这部影片我已看过多次了。

　　A number of problems have arisen．

　　已经出现了许多问题。

　　The number of colleges has increased in the past 10 years.

　　在过去的十年里，大学的数量有所增加

　　【归纳拓展】

　　a number of+可数名词，谓语用复数，意为“许多、大量的……”，the number of+可数名词，谓语用单数，意为“……的数目”例如：

　　a great number of tourists 许多观光者

　　a large number of students 许多学生

　　a good number of books 许多书

　　a small number of errors 少数的错误

　　a certain number of young women 一些年轻的女性

　　另外，表示“许多、大量”的短语：

　　a great／good many

　　a large/ great／good number of

　　+可数名词

　　a good few/quite a few

　　many a

　　a great/good deal of

　　a great/ large amount of

　　+不可数名词

　　quite a little

　　a lot of /lots of

　　a great/large quantity of

　　large quantities of

　　+可数名词或不可数名词

　　plenty of

　　【】The number of people invited__________fifty,but a number of them__________absent for different reasons. (NMET96)

　　were;was

　　B.was;was

　　C.was;were

　　D.were;were

　　（答案：C

　　解析：The number of ……是一个集合性名词词组，所以谓语动词用单数was。而a number of ……则表示一个结合中的许多，属于一个复数名词词组，故谓语动词用were。）

　　2）The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since1990.

　　(2009年山东卷)

　　A. is

　　B. are

　　C. has been

　　D. have been 21世纪教育网

　　4

　　depend on/upon依靠,依赖,相信，取决于

　　【经典例句】You can’t depend on your parents forever.

　　你不能永远依赖你的父母

　　You can’t depend on him to come on time.

　　你不能指望他能按时来

　　You may depend on it that he will come.

　　你可相信他会来

　　I may help you. But that/ it depends.

　　我能帮你，但那要看情况而定。

　　It depends on /upon whether you come here or not.

　　这要取决于你是否到这儿

　　【归纳拓展】

　　depend on/upon +wh-从句

　　视….而定,取决于

　　depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖,相信

　　depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……

　　depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..

　　That (all) depends. / It all depends. (口语)视情况而定，单独使用或置于句首。【即学即用】

　　He depends on you ____ _____ _____.他依靠你帮助他。

　　It ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ we can go out for a picnic.我们是否去野餐取决与天气

　　------Can you finish the work before Sunday?

　　----- _____________________.这要看情况

　　（答案.1) to help him 2) depends on the weather whether 3) It That all depends.）

　　【高考链接】

　　-- How long are you staying?

　　-- I don't know. ____. [2004江苏]

　　A. That's OK

　　B. Never mind

　　C. It depends

　　D. It doesn't matter

　　（[答案：C

　　it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确定”。）

　　1．Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.

　　除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把它脱掉

　　【句型剖析】1）全句是一个复合句结构

　　2）主句是一个以动词“take”开头的祈使句。

　　3）unless引导了一个条件状语从句。【】1)unless是连词，意为“如果不，除非”。在真实条件句中，unless引导的肯定条件状语从句可以和if...not...引导的否定状语从句互换如：

　　Unless you change your mind，I won't be able to help you.

　　=If you don't change your mind，I won't be able to help you.

　　除非你改变想法，否则我不能帮助你。

　　I want you to keep working unless I tell you to stop.

　　=I want you to keep working if I don't tell you to stop.

　　如果我没说让你停，你就得继续干。

　　2）unless 不可用于假想的事情，因此当if...not引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless。【】A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity

　　he reaches the end of the story.（2003年上海卷）

　　A. when

　　B. unless

　　C. after

　　D. until

　　（答案是D。不少同学可能会误选unless,引导条件状语从句,但析语境可知,该空表“直到”,强调时间的延续,应用until引导时间状语从句。）

　　2）. The men will have to wait all day ______ the doctor works faster. (北京2001春)

　　A. if

　　B. unless

　　C. whether

　　D. that

　　（答案B这里连词unless是“除非、如果不” 的意思。

　　）

　　3）You will succeed in the end ______ you give up halfway.

　　(2001上海春)

　　A. even if

　　B. as though

　　C. as long as

　　D. unless 　

　　（答案：D。用unless引导假设关系, 对比“succeed”与“give up”两者关系，意为 “除非你中途放弃，你会最终成功的。”）

　　4）. ________ you have tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.

　　(06北京卷，33)

　　A. Unless

　　B. Because

　　C. Although

　　D. When

　　（答案: A这里unless意思是“如果不”,可以与if...not互换。）

　　5）We don’t keep winning games _______ we keep playing well. (06浙江卷，2)

　　A. because

　　B. unless

　　C. when

　　D. while

　　（答案：B 这里连词unless是“除非”的意思。强调条件。）

　　2．It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.正是约翰的快捷动作和急救知识救了斯莱德女士的命。【句型剖析】1）整个句子是一个简单句。

　　2）本句使用了强调句型，强调句子的主语“John's quick action and knowledge of first aid”。

　　【归纳拓展】强调句结构是英语中最常使用的句型之一，用来强调谓语以外的任何成分。其构成形式是：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分。在本结构中，it无意义，只是改变一个句子的结构，使某一成分得到强调；若原句属于现在或将来时态范畴，be用is的形式，若原句属于过去时态范畴，be用was的形式。

　　强调句型It is/was…that/who 的用法归纳如下：

　　强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。一般来说，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。 强调句型应避免使用when, where, which 等连词。

　　含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:

　　① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？

　　② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？

　　【】 A. when; then

　　B. not; until

　　C. not until; that

　　D. only; when

　　（答案：C 强调句型。根据It is ……that 结构可知。）

　　2）It was with great joy______he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.(2004年高考福建卷)

　　A.because

　　B.which

　　C.since

　　D.that

　　（答案：去掉It was和所填词后为：with great joy he received the news that his lost daughter had been found，结构依然完整，所以为强调句型。

　　A.that

　　B.until

　　C.since

　　D.before

　　(答案为D 去掉It was和所填词后为: evening we reached the little town of Winchester, evening前缺少介词，所以不是强调句型。)

　　3．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.

　　毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技术，使得斯莱德女士的生命得救了

　　【句型剖析】1）整个句子是一个复合句，that引导的是同位语从句。

　　2）同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact,　idea,　opinion,　news,　hope,　belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系如：

　　They were delighted at the news that their team had won.

　　当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂

　　【】1）There's no doubt that...是固定句式，意为：“毫无疑问……”。

　　2）There's no doubt 后接名词时，需用介词about或of。如： 

　　There's no doubt about/of his honesty.

　　毫无疑问他是诚实的。

　　3）doubt作动词时，肯定句中可用whether，if，that引起宾语从句，否定句中只能用that。如：

　　He doubted whether they would be able to help.

　　他拿不准他们是否能帮上忙

　　【】Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will befound. (2005广东)

　　A. which

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. whether

　　（答案：B no doubt后为同位语从句，that作为引导词，不充当句子成分）

　　4．John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.

　　【句型剖析】此句型中when作并列连词相当于and then意为”正当……时突然”

　　【归纳拓展】when并列连词，= and then，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：

　　(1) be doing...when...正在做……突然……I was wandering through the streets when l caught sight of a tailor's shop.

　　(2) had done...when...刚做了……突然……I had just sat down when the light went out.

　　(3) be about to do...when...刚要做……突然……I was just about to go swimming when our guide saw me and shouted at me.

　　该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于and just或and at that time. 这时不能用while / as 替换。

　　常见句型：(1) be about to do sth when... (2) be doing sth when... (3) be on the point of doing sth when...

　　【高考链接】We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started. (2004北京春招)

　　A. when

　　B. while

　　C. until

　　D. before

　　答案A "when" 作连词，表示“正在这时”。意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型A. why

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. while

　　（答案：C.主句用了be about to 结构,意思是“正准备做…”,与when 引起的从句连用。）

　　3）.I

　　along the street looking for a place to park when the accident __

　　．(2006安徽高考)

　　A．went; was occurring

　　B. went; occurred

　　C．was going; occurred

　　D．was going; had occurred

　　（答案：C.这里的主句要用过去进行时,因从句中有when 引起的从句，而且从句多用一般过去时。）

　　IV 语法聚焦

　　省略

　　1.省略是一种避免重复、保持简洁的语法手段

　　2.凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句

　　省略的分类

　　1.语篇省略和情景省略 

　　有的省略句可以从上下文找到被省略的成分，这种省略叫做语篇省略如：

　　Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world,　if not the largest (city).

　　上海即使不是世界上最大的城市也堪称世界最大的城市之一 

　　2.情景省略

　　有的省略句虽然从上下文中找不到被省略的成分，但是可以从语言情景中推断出被省略的成分。如：

　　(I am) Glad to see you.见到你真高兴

　　简单句、并列句和复合句的省略

　　分类 说明 举例

　　简单句的省略 不定式的省略 A:　Will you join us?你要同我们一道去吗？

　　B:　I should love to (join you).我愿意。

　　介词的省略 We have lived here (for) ten years.

　　我们在这儿已经住了10年了

　　但是在否定句中,此类for不能省略如：

　　I haven't seen you for three months.

　　我已经三个月没有见到你了。

　　It's no use (in) crying.哭也没用

　　在并列句中 一般说来，在后一并列然中

　　凡是与上文相同的成分通常

　　都要省略。 My room is on the fifth floor,　and hers (is) on the eighth (floor).

　　我的房间在五楼,而她的在八楼。

　　I came at right but Henry (came) at nine.

　　我在八点来,但是亨利在九点来

　　复

　　合

　　句

　　的

　　省

　　略 状

　　语

　　从

　　句 当状语从的主语和主句

　　的主语一致，且状语从

　　句中含有be　动词时，

　　省略状语从句中的主语和be 动词。 When （the novel is） published,　the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.

　　那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。

　　Although (he was) hard-working,　he couldn't earn enough to support himself.

　　尽管努力工作,他的收入还是不够自己糊口。

　　When (the grapes are) ripe,　the grapes will be delicious.

　　当葡萄成熟之后就会很好吃

　　定

　　语

　　从

　　句 如果关系代词在定语从句中

　　作宾语时，这个关系代词可

　　以省略。 Here is the man (whom) you've been looking　for.

　　这位就是你一直在找的人。

　　He's the man (who/that) you can safely depend on.

　　他是你能放心信赖的人。

　　There are many plays (that) I'd like to see.

　　有很多话剧我想看

　　复

　　合

　　句

　　的

　　省

　　略 宾

　　语

　　从

　　句 引导宾语从句的that 之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。

　　如果that 后面的宾语从句较长时，that

　　不能省略。 I hope (that) you'll be fine soon.

　　我希望你尽快康复。

　　Now scientists warn that if not under control,　the unseen energy waves,　“electric smog”, may be hazardous to our health.

　　现在科学家警告说,有一种肉眼看不到的能波,即“电子烟尘”,如果不加以控制,可能危害人类的健康。

　　主

　　语

　　从

　　句 有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现

　　象通常出现在简短答语中。 A:　You all like the story？你们都喜欢这个故事？

　　B:　Yes,　except that the conclusion is too long.

　　是的,只是结尾太仓促

　　单元测试

　　一、基础过关(每小题1分，满分20分)

　　A. 单词拼写

　　1. The first a_______ skills are of great use when needed.

　　2. He got hurt during the football match and the i___________ was serious.

　　3. She cut her finger on a piece of glass and it is b___________.

　　4. While playing football one of his a__________ sprained and he can’t walk now.

　　5. When you get b__________, it is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.

　　6. The skin is one of the o_________ of our body.

　　7. This kind of mushrooms contain a deadly p_______. You can’t eat them.

　　8. He died of e____________ shock last summer.

　　9. There is a k___________ on the stove and the water in it is boiling.

　　10. When you get injuried, you can slow the bleeding by applying p__________ to the the wound.

　　B. 句型转换

　　11. A: Did anyone perform first aid?

　　B: Did any one _______ _______ first aid?

　　12. A: It prevents your body from losing water.

　　B: It _______ your body _______ losing water.

　　13. A: I’m proud of what I did.

　　B: I ________ _________ in what I did.

　　14. A: Take clothing off the burned area unless it is stuck to the burn.

　　B: Take clothing off the burned area if ______ ______ ______ stuc