2017届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解16

　　2017届高考英语二轮专题总复习精选综合能力专练：阅读理解16

　　THURSDAY, July 9 ( HealthDay News) — A new study that found that a lowercalorie diet slowed the aging process in monkeys could be the best proof yet that restricted diets might do the same for humans.

　　“The big question in aging research is, ‘Will caloric restriction in species closely related to humans slow aging？’” said Richard Weindruch, senior author of a paper appearing in the July 10 issue of Science.This is the first clear demonstration that, in a primate species, we’ re inducing a slowdown of the aging process — showing increased survival, resistance to disease, less brain atrophy and less muscle loss.

　　“This predicts humans would respond similarly，” added Weindruch, professor of medicine at the University of Wisconsin and an investigator at the Veterans Hospital in Madison. Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.

　　“The idea that dietary restriction extends lifespan in all species is not true. Many strains of rats and mice do not respond. In some strains, it’ s actually deleterious，” explained Felipe Sierra, director of the biology of aging program at the US National Institute on Aging (NIA), which supported the new study. “The fact that it doesn’t work in some mice but it does seem to work in monkeys is surprising and it gives us hope.”

　　But there’ s a larger question: how to change humans’ increasingly lax eating habits. “This_finding_doesn’t_give_me_hope_that_humans_are_going_to_go_into_dietary_restriction，” added Marianne Grant, a registered dietitian at Texas A&M Health Science Center Coastal Bend Health Education Center in Corpus Christi.

　　[语篇解读]　这是一篇资讯报道，研究人员通过对动物的研究证明低热量的饮食可能会延长人的寿命。

　　1．The underlined word “restricted” means“________”．

　　A. limited

　　B. satisfied

　　C. reserved

　　D. fascinated

　　[解析]　词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，低热量的饮食可以延长猴子的寿命，这一试验证明有节制的饮食可能同样会延长人的寿命。

　　[答案]　A

　　2．Which of the following statements about Weindruch is true?

　　A. This experiment indicates restricted diets could extend humans’ lifespan.

　　B. Adequate sleep is another way to reduce the speed of aging process.

　　C. The experiment was a failure in some species such as mice.

　　D. The experiment which had been tested on humans got a great success.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话可知答案为A。

　　[答案]　A

　　3．According to Felipe Sierra’ s idea, we know that________.

　　A. the restricted diets experiment really had no distinct effect on rats and mice

　　B. humans are finding new ways to slowdown the aging process of all the species

　　C. the experiment is unnecessary to be carried on because of the response of the mice

　　D. the experiment confirmed that restricted diets extend lifespan in all species

　　[解析]　细节理解题。从第四段的第二句“Many strains of rats and mice do not respond.”可知答案。

　　[答案]　A

　　4．It can be inferred from the underlined sentence that ________.

　　A. the result of the experiment shows that humans are not pigging out nowadays

　　B. nowadays humans are turning unhealthy diets into lowercalorie diets

　　C. how to change humans’ careless eating habits is a long way to go

　　D. the experiment changed humans’ increasingly careless eating habits

　　[解析]　细节理解题。由画线句子可知人们目前并没有进入到控制饮食的状态中，也就是说要改变人们漫不经心的饮食习惯还有很长的路要走。

　　[答案]　C

　　5．The author most likely wrote this text to________.

　　A. compare the two experiments on rats and monkeys

　　B. illustrate the data from the research

　　C. call on people to pay attention to their daily diets

　　D. introduce a lively debate to amuse the reader

　　[解析]　写作目的题。作者的目的是通过介绍试验”低热量的饮食可能会延长人的寿命”，呼吁人们注意控制饮食。

　　[答案]　C

　　[长难句解读]　Another expert noted that, despite some highly publicized studies in certain species, the link between restricted eating and longer lifespan has been far from proven.

　　本句的主句为Another expert noted that，其中that引导的是一个宾语从句。从句用despite表示让步关系，后面的far from proven意为”远没有得到证明”。

　　The treadle pump is based on a design developed in the 1970s by Norwegian engineer Gunnar Barnes. It can be made locally.

　　The treadle pump is easy to build from bamboo or other wood and two metal cylinders (圆筒) with pistons (活塞). The pistons go up and down as a person stands on lever devices — treadles — and uses a natural walking motion.

　　How many hours a day the pump needs to be operated depends on the season and how much water is needed for crops. It could be two hours a day. It could be seven hours a day.

　　Small children sometimes stand with their parents on the treadles. Everyone in the family can take turns operating the pump.

　　The Acumen Fund is a nonprofit group that invests in business projects to fight poverty. It studied the effects of treadle pumps in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh has three treadle pump manufacturers and more than seventythree thousand pumps.

　　Acumen reported that families using them ate more vegetables, because they were able to grow more to eat and to sell. Many of these families also drank more milk, because they bought a cow with their added earnings. Men with treadle pumps often no longer have to leave the farm to seek extra work in cities.

　　The pump can also improve education. Farmers often use their extra earnings to buy books for their children or to pay for schooling.

　　A farmer in Zambia said he hoped to have enough money in three years to buy a dieselpowered pump (柴油泵). Then he could grow more crops over a larger area.

　　But the world economic crisis has had an effect on some farmers. IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel. So they are using their treadle pumps again.

　　[语篇解读]　脚踏泵因其简单、易行、实用之特点，正在世界的广大贫困地区被推广，以帮助农民脱贫致富，且已取得了显著的效果。

　　1．The treadle pump ________.

　　A. is invented by an American engineer

　　B. is mainly made of metal

　　C. consists of two cylinders with pistons

　　D. consists of two cylinders with an engine

　　[解析]　事实细节题。根据第二段第一句可知答案为C。

　　[答案]　C

　　2．What does the author want to tell us about the treadle pump in the second paragraph?

　　A. Its history.

　　B. Its working principle.

　　C. Its structure.

　　D. Its usage and effects.

　　[解析]　作者意图题。A和D显然不对，C有一定干扰性，但其不能概括第二句，介绍工作原理时，一般要同时介绍其结构，故选B。

　　[答案]　B

　　3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A. it is easy to learn how to operate the treadle pump

　　B. it is difficult to build a treadle pump

　　C. the treadle pump is used more in winter than in summer

　　D. operating the treadle pump can keep fit

　　[解析]　推理判断题。B和C与文中内容相悖，可排除。易错选D，但文中没有依据，无法推知。根据第四段，小孩也可帮忙，家庭中每个人都可参与，可推知A为答案。

　　[答案]　A

　　4．Each treadle pump manufacturer in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh has produced on average about ________.

　　A. 18, 000 pumps

　　B. 24, 000 pumps

　　C. 37, 000 pumps

　　D. 73, 000 pumps

　　[解析]　数据推算题。根据第五段第三句可知，该州共三家生产商，共有七万三千多架脚踏泵，平均每家生产两万四千架左右，故选B。

　　[答案]　B

　　5．Why does the farmer in Zambia hope to buy a dieselpowered pump?

　　A. Because he wants to grow crops on a larger scale.

　　B. Because he hates to leave the farm to seek fortune in cities.

　　C. Because a dieselpowered pump is cheaper than before.

　　D. Because oil is much cheaper than before.

　　[解析]　事实细节题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知答案。

　　[答案]　A

　　[长难句解读]　IDE executive director Zenia Tata says some who were able to buy diesel pumps now do not have enough money to buy fuel.

　　该句为双重复合句。主句主语为IDE executive director Zenia Tata，谓语为says，后面为省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句的主干部分为some do not have enoueh money to buy fuel，who were able to buy diesel pumps为定语从句，修饰主语some。

　　It was near dusk, and Kim Cooper and her husband, Steve, were trucking through northern Kentucky transportation auto parts from Louisville to Detroit for a goods company. “Steve, wake up！” she shouted. “There’s a truck on fire！”

　　Inside the burning truck, Ronnie Sanders, 38, was fighting for his life. He’d been running a heavy load of tractors and forklifts from Georgia to Indianapolis when a van in front of him stopped suddenly in traffic on the icy road. As Ronnie bore down, he could see children in the backseat. The truck’s bulk would probably protect him from the worst of the impact, but the force of 23 tons would likely crush(压碎) everyone inside the van.

　　“I figured instead of killing other people, I’d just put the truck in the ditch. ”At the bottom, rocks cut a fuel tank, which caught fire. A tree branch destroyed the windshield and knocked Ronnie unconscious. He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cabin flames and his legs on fire.

　　Steve dashed to Ronnie, who was hanging headfirst from the passenger door. Ronnie had used his pocketknife to cut himself free from the driver’sside seat belt only to get his boot trapped in another one. Steve climbed into the burning cab to free him.

　　He tried three times to pull Ronnie out before finally freeing him. But Ronnie’s legs were still burning, so Steve laid him on the ground, ripped off his own shirt, and beat the flames with it. He’d managed to drag him about 20 yards when one of the truck’s 150gallon fuel tanks exploded.

　　Both Steve and Ronnie paid a price for risking their lives for strangers. Ronnie spent two months in the hospital and received skin grafts on both of his legs. Steve suffered smoke breathing and minor burns, and shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth.

　　In February, the Coopers received a Hero of the Highway award from the Open Road Foundation for rescuing an injured driver. Steve insists Ronnie is the real hero: “If he hadn’t gone into the ditch, he would have hit that van. It was his decision to drive off the road.”

　　“I feel pretty good about it，” says Ronnie. “A lot of people could have been hurt.”

　　解读：本文为记叙文，主要讲述了the Coopers途中遇到Ronnie开的大卡车着火了；Ronnie为了不造成更大的伤害，不顾自身的安危，将卡车开进水沟里，而Steve则竭尽全力救助Ronnie。

　　1. According to the passage, Ronnie’s putting the truck in the ditch contributes to________.

　　A. his concern for his own safety

　　B. his poor driving skill

　　C. the icy road

　　D. his concern for others’ lives

　　[解析]　细节推断题。由文章的第三段第一句话“I figured instead of killing other people，I’d just put the truck in the ditch.”可推断出。

　　[答案]　D

　　2. What probably made Ronnie come to life after driving the truck in the ditch?

　　A. The noise from the highway.

　　B. The call from the Coopers.

　　C. The pain from the burning legs.

　　D. The heat of the fire.

　　[解析]　细节推断题。根据文章的第三段最后一句话He came to life a couple of minutes later to find the cab in flames and his legs on fire.利用排除法。

　　[答案]　C

　　3. How did Steve put out the flames in Ronnie’s legs?

　　A. He beat the flames with Ronnie’s shirt.

　　B. He beat the flames with his own shirt.

　　C. He put out the fire with a tank of water.

　　D. He put out the fire with a bag of sand.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句话，Steve撕下自己的衬衫，用它来扑灭(Ronnie双腿上的)火焰。

　　[答案]　B

　　4. What does the underlined word “shrapnel” in Paragraph 6 mean?

　　A. A branch of a tree.

　　B. A small piece of metal.

　　C. A wave of the explosion.

　　D. The heat of the explosion.

　　[解析]　词义猜测题。根据下文shrapnel from the fuel tank explosion broke a tooth可知是“油箱爆炸产生的金属片打碎了一颗牙”。

　　[答案]　B

　　5. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?

　　A. Heroes: The Coopers

　　B. Heroes: Roadside Flames

　　C. Accidents on the Icy Road

　　D. Accidents in the Ditch

　　[解析]　确定文章标题。综观全文，A，C，D三项不够全面；而B项即表明事故，也表明了事故中竭力营救他人的英雄。

　　[答案]　B

　　Astronauts aboard the space station Celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air. They said “cheers” ，clicked drinking bags and toasted NASA workers on the ground who were sipping their own version of recycled drinking water.

　　The recycling system is needed for astronaut stations on the moon and Mars. It also will save NASA money because it won’ t have to ship up as much water to the station by space shuttle or cargo rockets.Besides, it’ s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six.

　　The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November by space shuttle Endeavour, but it couldn’ t be used until samples were tested back on Earth. So when it came time to actually drink up, NASA made a big deal of it. The threeman crew stood, holding their drinks and congratulated engineers in two NASA centers that worked on the system.

　　“This is something that had been the stuff of science fiction，” Barratt said before taking a small mouthful. “The taste is worth trying.”

　　NASA deputy space shuttle manager LeRoy Cain called it “a huge milestone”．

　　The new system takes the combined urine of the crew from the toilet, moves it to a big tank, where the water is boiled off, and the vapor is collected. The rest of the urine is thrown away. The water vapor is mixed with water from air condensation, and then it goes through filters. When six crew members are aboard it can make about six gallons from urine in about six hours.

　　“Some people may find the idea of drinking recycled urine distasteful, but it is also done on Earth with a lot longer time between urine and the tap”said Marybeth Edeen, the space station’s national lab manager.

　　The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami, Edeen said.

　　“We are happy to have this water work through the system — we’ re happy to have it work through our systems，”Barratt said.

　　[语篇解读]　本文讲的是国际空间站宇航员试饮尿液循环水。

　　1．According to the text, the recycling system is important because________.

　　A. it makes traveling to the moon for the common person possible

　　B. with it NASA won’ t need to ship any water up to the space station

　　C. it can help to meet the need for more water after the crew are expanded

　　D. it protects the environment in space by reducing the amount of waste

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“it’s important as the space station is about to expand from three people living on board to six”可知C项正确。

　　[答案]　C

　　2．What is the RIGHT time order of the following events?

　　a. The samples of the recycled water were tested on Earth.

　　b. Astronauts celebrated the space first of making water from urine.

　　c. The recycling system was brought up to the space station.

　　d. The technology for the system was used to quickly purify water.

　　A. a，d，c，b

　　B. a，c，b，d

　　C. d，a，c，b

　　D. d，c，a，b

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The technology NASA developed for this system has already been used for quick water purification after the 2004 Asian tsunami”可知d发生最早。根据第三段的“ The recycling system had been brought up to the space station last November... couldn’ t be used until samples were tested back on Earth”可知c发生在a的前面，因此D项正确。

　　[答案]　D

　　3．From Para. 6 we can know________.

　　A. the theory behind the recycling system

　　B. the effect of the recycling system

　　C. the process of the recycling system

　　D. an opinion on the recycling system

　　[解析]　段落概括题。该段主要讲述的是使用尿液循环系统将尿制成水的过程。

　　[答案]　C

　　4．What did Edeen say about recycled urine and the recycling system?

　　A. The taste of recycled urine is not as good as common water.

　　B. The recycling system has made a science fiction story come true.

　　C. The idea of drinking recycled urine makes astronauts feel unpleasant.

　　D. It takes a longer time on Earth to make water from urine than in space.

　　[解析]　细节理解题。根据第七段中的“with a lot onger time between urine and the tap”可知D项正确。

　　[答案]　D

　　5．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. The research of NASA has made great progress

　　B. New technology is used in the space station

　　C. Drink up: space station recycles urine to water

　　D. Good news: water recycled from urine tastes good

　　[解析]　标题概括题。本文报道了国际空间站的宇航员试饮尿液循环水，“Drink up”生动反映饮用时的情景，“space station recycles urine to watert”点明了制造技术。故C项最佳。

　　[答案]　C

　　[长难句解读]　Astronauts aboard the space station celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water that condenses from exhaled air.

　　主句是：Astronauts　celebrated a space first on Wednesday by drinking water.aboard the space station和that had been recycled from their urine and sweat and water充当定语分别修饰名词Astronauts和water。