山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《动词及动词短语》学案

　　）

　　高考考点

　　1、系动词的比较；

　　2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性；

　　3、意思相同或相近的动词比较；

　　4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；

　　5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。【2017江西卷】30．We were all agreed that the cottage would

　　a perfect holiday home for the family.

　　A．make B．turn

　　C．take D．have

　　30答案：A考点：考察动词的用法

　　解析：我们一致同意，这个小舍将会给我们的家庭营造一个完美的假日家园。make表“可以用作，可发展为”，与for连用。Turn表示“变为”，一般后跟into。

　　【2017全国II】12. We ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

　　A. set about

　　B. set up

　　C. set out

　　D. set down

　　【答案】C 【解析】此处set about开始做. . .，后接名词、动名词；set up建立；set out开始做. . .，后接不定式；set down写下，记下。根据to paint可知选set out。句意：那天我们开始粉刷整个房子但只完成了前面的部分。

　　【考点】考查动词短语的含义。

　　【2017浙江卷】15.Armed with the information you have gathered, you can_______ preparing your business plan.

　　A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up

　　【考点】动词词组词义辨析

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】根据句意：有这么些个你所收集的信息，你可以着手（set about doing sth）准备你的商业计划了。Set out to do sth着手；set off出发；set up建立，均不符合语境，故排除。

　　【2017浙江卷】12According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to____from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.

　　A. differ B. shrink C. fail D. decline

　　【考点】动词词义辨析

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】根据句意：根据科学家研究，我们的精神气在22岁达到高峰值之后便从27岁开始下滑（decline）。Differ不同；shrink缩水；fail失败、衰竭，均不符合语境，故排除。

　　【2017湖北卷】21. Two lawyers have donated $50,000 to ________ our school’s campaign “Help the Needy”, which was started by our former headmaster three years ago

　　A. sponsor

　　B. launch

　　C. organize

　　D. plan

　　【答案】A

　　【考点】【解析】该句意为：两位律师捐赠了5，0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动……

　　A项意为“赞助”，符合句意；B项意为“发射，开办”，C项意为“组织”，D项意为“计划”，都与句意不同。故A项正确。

　　【2017天津卷】 Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand 【B】

　　each other better.

　　open

　　B. narrow

　　C. wide

　　D. leave

　　主动表被动类的动词（表示主语的特点、性质、状态）

　　1)

　　sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run,

　　read, act, draw, clean, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink , burn

　　+adv. (well, poorly, easily, smoothly, badly)

　　Dry wood _______________(容易燃烧）

　　The cloth _____________(好洗）.

　　Your composition ________(读起来很好except for a few spelling mistakes.

　　1.--Have you got a ticket for the concert?

　　--No, the tickets______ well and

　　they _______out last week.

　　A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold

　　C. sell; have been sold

　　D. are sell; sold

　　2.It is said that the pen ____ , so I bought one yesterday.

　　A. writes well

　　B. writes good

　　C. is well written

　　D. is good written

　　2) need, want, require(要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得), be worth(值得)，后面接doing主动形式表被动意义。

　　The book is worth reading.

　　These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.

　　Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).

　　3）有些动词(短语)只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。

　　take place, happen, break out等。

　　A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night.

　　动词短语的要点

　　动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：

　　1．根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。

　　(1)动词＋副词(不及物)

　　Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.

　　哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。

　　(2) 动词＋副词(及物)

　　Please turn every light in the house off.

　　请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。

　　(3)动词＋介词(及物)

　　I'm looking for my glasses.

　　我在找我的眼镜。

　　注意：①当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。

　　②动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾

　　She's got more work than she can cope with.

　　她的工作多得使她应付不了。

　　(4)动词＋副词＋介词

　　I look forward to seeing you soon.

　　我盼望不久就能见到你。

　　注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。

　　In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。

　　（5）动词 + 名词 + 介词

　　You should make full use of your time.

　　(6) 动词 + 名词

　　Great changes are taking place in our life.

　　易错易混点

　　lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎)：这三个易混动词构成见下表：

　　He lied to me that he had finished his homework.

　　他向我撒谎说完成作业了。

　　He laid the baby on the bed.

　　他把婴儿放在床上。

　　2. rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。

　　3. hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。

　　4．sit与seat：seat为及物动词时是作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.

　　The river has risen by several metres.

　　河水上涨了好几米。

　　It’s difficult raising a family on a small income.

　　依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。

　　He hung his clothes on the wall.

　　他把衣服挂在墙上。

　　The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.

　　杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。

　　5．可用于“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的常用动词

　　accuse(控告)，cheat(欺骗)，cure(治愈)，inform(通知)，remind(提醒)，rid(摆脱)，

　　rob(抢劫)，

　　warn(警告)

　　This photo reminds me of my school days.

　　这张照片使我想起了学校生活。

　　The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.

　　该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。

　　6．可用于“动词＋sb.＋for doing sth.” 的常用动词

　　blame(指责)，criticise(批评)，forgive(原谅)，excuse(原谅)，pardon(原谅)，punish(惩罚)，scold(指责)，thank(感谢)

　　Forgive me for saying so，but I think that’s nonsense.

　　原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。

　　I don’t blame you for doing that.

　　我不责备你做了那事。

　　1．常用短语

　　(1) base...on... (2) care about (3) cheer up(4) carry out (5) catch up with(6) date back to/from(7) hold back (8) knock down (9) lay aside(10) work out

　　2．与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词

　　break短语

　　break away from

　　break down

　　break into

　　break out

　　break in

　　break off

　　break through

　　break up

　　call短语

　　call for

　　call on/at

　　call in

　　call up

　　call off

　　come短语

　　come about

　　come across

　　come to

　　come true

　　come up

　　come up withcome into being

　　get 短语

　　get about

　　get across

　　get away

　　get down

　　get in

　　get off

　　get together

　　get through

　　get down to

　　get over

　　get along/on with

　　give短语

　　give up

　　give in

　　give out

　　give away

　　give off

　　give back

　　go短语

　　go against

　　go ahead

　　go after/for

　　go without

　　go in for

　　go through

　　go over

　　go by

　　hold短语

　　hold back

　　hold out

　　hold up

　　hold on

　　hold together

　　hold on to

　　make短语

　　make up for

　　make out

　　make fun of

　　make up one’s mind

　　make sense

　　make good/full use of.. . make up

　　put短语

　　put aside

　　put away

　　put down put forward

　　put off

　　put out

　　put up with

　　put up

　　turn短语

　　turn down

　　turn in

　　turn out

　　turn over

　　turn up

　　turn off

　　turn on

　　turn away

　　turn to

　　巩固练习

　　I. Multiple choice

　　1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to

　　.

　　(2011 全国)

　　A.disappear

　　B.fall

　　C.fail

　　D.damage

　　2. Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you. (2011 全国)

　　A. told

　　B. reminded

　　C. warned

　　D. advised

　　3. I

　　a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation. (2011 天津)

　　A.borrowed

　　B.opened

　　C.entered

　　D.ordered

　　4. ——Are you still mad at her?

　　——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me. (2011 江苏)

　　A．deny

　　B．refuse

　　C．reject

　　D．decline

　　5. I’d prefer to

　　my judgement until I find all the evidence. (2011 福建)

　　A.show

　　B. express

　　C.pass

　　D.reserve

　　6. As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. (2011 安徽)

　　A. begins

　　B. happens

　　C. ends

　　D. develops

　　7. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking. (2011 湖北)

　　A. direct

　　B. limit

　　C. change

　　D. improve

　　8. The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.” (2011 湖北)

　　A. negotiate

　　B. quarrel

　　C. argue

　　D. consult

　　9. Clinical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011 湖北)

　　A. operate

　　B. strenghten

　　C. approve

　　D. accumulate

　　10.What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You‘re _____ to be asleep. (2011 辽宁)A. supposed

　　B. known C. thought

　　D. considered

　　11.I can

　　the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean. (2011 全国)A. come up with

　　B.put up with

　　C. turn to

　　D.stick to

　　Translation

　　这所学校并不是我原来真正想去的，但我现在想尽量好好利用它了。(make the best of )

　　如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。(come across)

　　出身在一个三兄弟家庭，David受到了要看重与人分享的教育。 (bring up)

　　4. 他决定一路驾车回家，不在旅馆留宿。(put up)

　　5. 一些昆虫为了保护自己，让自己的体色与其周围环境的颜色相似。(take on)

　　6.政府已经采取措施来降低日常生活用品的价格以保持市场的稳定。(bring down )