山东省高密市教科院2017届高考英语二轮复习《定语从句》学案

　　山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《定语从句》学案

　　定语从句在高考中的考查重点：

　　1.that与which引导的定语从句的区别；

　　2.who、whom与whose引导的定语从句的区别；

　　3.关系副词where、when与why引导的定语从句的区别；

　　4.对“as”引导定语从句的考查；

　　5. such…as与such…that的区别；the same…as与the same…that的区别；

　　6.对“介词+关系代词”的考查；

　　7.the way 作先行词时,定语从句的引导词作状语用in which ,that 或者省略；

　　8.含有插入语的定语从句；

　　9.与并列句、状语从句、同位语从句以及与强调句型的混合考查。

　　高考例题：

　　【2017山东卷】23. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series. A. them

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　【答案】【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。

　　【解析】two novels，，both of which引导。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。

　　【2017福建卷】23. The air quality in the city, ________is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

　　A. that B. it

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　【考点】本题考查定语从句的引导词【答案】C

　　【解析】本句难点是把定语从句分割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成

　　is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话用as引导“正如在 所写的那样”。

　　【2017江苏卷】22. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_______ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.

　　A. which

　　B. who

　　C. where

　　D. what

　　【考点】定语从句—关系代词【答案】B

　　【解析】people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。

　　【2017安徽卷】29. Ａlot of language learning,

　　has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A. as

　　B. it

　　C. which

　　D. This

　　【答案】A【考点】考查定语从句。

　　【2017江西卷】28．By 16:30,________was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. 【答案】A

　　A．which B．when

　　C．what D．that

　　【2017四川卷】13. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses. 【答案】 C

　　【考点】本题考查定语从句。

　　A. in whom

　　B. in them

　　C. of whom

　　D. of them

　　【解析】前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them

　　而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。

　　【2017陕西卷】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.

　　A. that

　　B. where C. which

　　D.

　　what

　　【答案】C

　　【2017北京卷】26. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. where

　　D. when

　　【答案】 B【考点】非限制性定语从句，which作表语。

　　【2017全国II】8. That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. when

　　【答案】B【考点】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。

　　【解析】这里that evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。

　　【2017天津卷】 7.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_______help I would never have got this far.【B】

　　A.who

　　B. whose

　　C.whom D. which

　　语法详解

　　限定性定语从句

　　一、引起限制性定语从句的关系代词有：that,

　　which, who, whom, whose；

　　? 指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略

　　that 人；物? ?主语宾语 作宾语可省

　　which ?物 ?主语宾语 ?作宾语可省

　　who ?人 ?主语宾语 作宾语可省

　　whom ?人 ?宾语 ?可省

　　whose （?人、物）的 ?定语 不可省

　　例句：1.The girl who spoke is my best friend.

　　2.The man whom I bought it from told me to oil it.

　　3.A mental patient is one whose mind is diseased.

　　4.It was an island whose name I have forgotten.

　　5.He that would eat the fruit must climb the tree.

　　6.It is a question that needs very careful thinking.

　　7.She was not in the train which arrived just now.

　　8.That is the house (which) we built.

　　9.The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.

　　二、限制性定语从句还可以由关系副词where,

　　when, why 引起。

　　1.when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which。

　　I’ll never forget the day when (=on which) I joined the League.

　　1993 was the year when (=in which) he was born.

　　There are times when such things are necessary.

　　2.where在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词。相当于 “介词 + which”。

　　This is the house where (=in which) I lived two years ago.

　　where引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance等先行词。

　　Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?

　　3.why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which。

　　She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer.

　　注：如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语,宾语等时，则用that或which。

　　非限定性定语从句

　　1.能引起非限制性定语从句的关系代词主要 有: who, whom, whose, which

　　I’ve invited Lisa, who lives in the next flat.

　　Tom, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.

　　Mr. Green, for whom I was working, was very generous.

　　The visitor, whose name was Tom, was well pleased with the apartment.

　　She gave me this sweater, which she had knitted herself.

　　注:

　　(1) which, whom可以和 “of” 或其他介词连用：

　　The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.

　　Her sons, both of whom work abroad, rang her up this morning.

　　His house, for which he paid $10,000, is now worth $50,000.

　　George, with whom I played tennis on Sundays, was fitter than me.

　　(2) which 有时不代表一个名词，而代表前面句子的全部或部分意思：He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true.

　　2. 关系副词 when 和 where也可引起非限制性定语从句。

　　We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.

　　我们将把野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会好点。

　　That was in 1949, since when things have been better.

　　那时是1949年，从那以后情况就好些了。

　　I’m off to the park, where I have to give a lecture on the theatre.

　　我要去公园，在那里我的做一个关于戏剧的报告。

　　We went up to the roof, from where we had a good view of the city.

　　我们爬上屋顶，从那儿可以很好地观看城市。

　　3.as也可作关系代词，引起定语从句，主要和such连用：

　　I never heard such stories as he tells.

　　我从未听过他讲的这种故事。

　　as作关系代词，还可以和same连用：

　　You must show my wife the same respect as you show me.

　　你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的尊敬。

　　as有时候还可引起非限制性定语从句：

　　He is absent, as is often the case.

　　他缺席了，他经常这样。

　　巩固练习

　　1. Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____ life has developed gradually.

　　(2010福建)

　　A. that B. where

　　C. which D. whose

　　2. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year.

　　(2010湖南)

　　A. who

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. which

　　3. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ___ she would stay for an hour.

　　(2010江西)

　　where

　　B. who

　　C. which

　　D. what

　　4. That’s the new machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.

　　(2010山东)

　　that

　　B. which

　　C. whose

　　D. What

　　5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future.

　　(2010山东)

　　on which

　　B. by which

　　C. to which

　　D. from which

　　6. — Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?

　　— You should try the barber’s ____ I go. It’s only 15.

　　(2010天津)

　　A. as

　　B. which

　　C. where

　　D. that

　　7. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision.

　　(2010四川)

　　that

　　B. which

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　8. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _____ is named after his grandfather.

　　(2010全国)

　　which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　9. The newly built café, the walls of_______ are painted light green, is really a

　　peaceful place for us, specially after hard work.

　　(2010江苏)

　　A. that

　　B. it

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　10. The old temple _______ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair.

　　(2010陕西) where

　　B. which

　　C. its

　　D. whose

　　11. I refuse to accept the blame for something _____ was someone else’s fault.

　　(2010全国II) who

　　B. that

　　C. as

　　D. what

　　12. Children who are not active or _____ diet is high in fat will gain weight

　　quickly. (2010北京)what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　13.【2011全国卷I) 31】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

　　A. that

　　B. which

　　C. whose

　　D. what

　　14.【2011全国卷II）7】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

　　A. this

　　B. that

　　C. what

　　D. which

　　15.【2011北京卷）26】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _________, of course, make all the others upset.

　　A. who

　　B. which

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　16.【2011上海卷) 39】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. when

　　D. as

　　17.【2011山东卷）32】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

　　A. they

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. that

　　18.【2011江西卷）34】She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____had taken more than three years.

　　A. for which

　　B. with which

　　C. of which

　　D. to which

　　19.【2011江苏卷）24】Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _______ the audience can buy ice-cream.

　　A. when

　　B. where

　　C. that

　　D. which

　　20.【2011安徽卷）28】Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, _____ it will keep for two or three weeks.

　　A. when

　　B. which

　　C. where

　　D. while

　　21.【2011浙江卷）8】English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____ uses it somewhat differently.

　　A. which

　　B. what

　　C. them

　　D. those

　　22.【2011浙江卷）10】A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. there

　　23.【2011福建卷）24】She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ allows them to communicate freely with each other.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. who

　　24.【2011福建卷）33】It was April 29,2001

　　Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.

　　A．that B．when C．since D．berore2011四川卷）17】The school shop,

　　________ customers are mainly students, is closed few the holidays.

　　A. which

　　B. whose

　　C. when

　　D. where

　　26.【2011天津卷）10】The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

　　A. when

　　B. that

　　C. where

　　D. which

　　27.【2011陕西卷）11】I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend,

　　28.__________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. who

　　D. that

　　28.【2011湖南卷)25】Julie was good at German, French and Russian , all of _________ she spoke fluently.

　　A. who

　　B. whom

　　C. which

　　D. that