山东省高密市教科院2017届高三高考二轮复习英语《时态和语态》学案

　　主要考点

　　1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。

　　2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态呼应问题。

　　3、持续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。

　　4、及物动词的被动语态。

　　6、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。

　　高考例题

　　【2017江西卷】26．--Look! Somebody

　　the sofa.

　　--Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.

　　A．is cleaning B．was cleaning C．has cleaned D．had cleaned【答案】C

　　【考点】考察时态

　　【解析】句意为”看,有人已经打扫了沙发.是的,不是我,我没有做.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时.

　　【2017湖南卷】33. -- I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?     -- Sorry, I ____ the piano for years.

　　A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played【答案】C

　　【考查】本题考查动词的时态。

　　【解析】根据remember, can可知语境为现在，for years得出为从过去到现在，所以用现在完成时态。动词的时态 现在完成时态

　　【2017湖南卷】27. The moment ____ soon, he thought to himself, waiting nervously.

　　A. came B. has come C. was coming D. is coming

　　【答案】D【解析】本题考查时态。

　　【解析】根据soon可知为将来的事情，且是直接引语，应为现在，所以选D，进行时态表将来。动词的时态 现在进行时态表将来

　　【2017湖南卷】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you ____ the door of faith open before you.

　　A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing【答案】C

　　【考点】本题考察动词的时态。

　　【解析】从前一分句为祈使句可知此语境为将来的情况，而且这是一常见句型：“祈使句+and+表将来的句子”。动词的时态 一般将来时态

　　【2017湖南卷】22. Don't worrry. The hard work that you do now ____ later in life.

　　A. will be repaid B. was being repaid C. has been repaid D. was repaid【答案】A

　　【考点】考查动词时态和语态。

　　【解析】从don't可知语境为现在，排除B、D；而later in life可知为将来的动作，故选A。动词的时态 一般将来时态 被动语态的构成

　　被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

　　一般现在时：am/is/are + given

　　【例句】

　　The first section of New College

　　English is designed for speaking practice

　　and is based on pictures and topics.

　　一些特殊的被动语态

　　1. 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语(指人的宾语）。

　　They didn’t offer Ann the job. Ann wasn’t offered the job.

　　2. 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。

　　They make her clean the floor. ------She is made to clean the floor by them.

　　3. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句 (=主语+ be + 过去分词 + to do sth.)

　　表示：据说/据报道/据悉/据信等……

　　据说这个男孩已经通过了这次全国性的测试。

　　It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.

　　The boy is said to have passed the national exam.

　　但：It _____ that there was a carover there.

　　A. so happened

　　B. so happens C. is so happened

　　D. was so happened

　　答案：A. happen是不及物动词，无被动语态。

　　4. be supposed to

　　suppose

　　vt. 推想; 假设; 猜想

　　supposed

　　adj. 假定的; 推测的; 意图的

　　(1) 据说 (=be said to) 如：

　　Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.

　　我们一起去看那电影好吗? 人们都说它不错。

　　(2) 计划、安排

　　I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock. I’m supposed to be meeting Tom at 8:15.

　　(3) be not supposed to

　　不允许You are not supposed to park here.

　　这儿不允许停车。

　　不可以变成被动语态的情况

　　1. 某些感官动词加形容词及少数其他的动词可以表示被动意义。

　　cook, smell, taste, wash, write, shut, prove, sell, read, write

　　1The dish tastes delicious.

　　2）The theory proved right at last.

　　3）The book is so interesting that it

　　sells well.

　　The book is so interesting that it sells well.

　　“sells”此处为不及物动词“销售起来; 有销路”的意思；作及物动词为“卖; 出售”This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)

　　need + V- ing

　　表示“主语承受动词

　　发出的动作”，表示被动意义。

　　我的车需要修理。

　　My car needs repairing. (= to be repaired).

　　不定式被动式讲与练

　　不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。

　　语态

　　时态 主动语态 被动语态

　　一般式

　　to do

　　to be done

　　完成式

　　to have

　　done

　　to have

　　been done

　　进行式

　　to be doing /

　　完成进行式

　　to have

　　been doing /

　　V-ing形式由 “do + ing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”，V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。　语态时态

　　主动形式

　　被动形式

　　一般式  (not) doing (not) being done

　　完成式  (not) having done

　　 (not) having been done

　　注意：在avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on等后接V-ing形式作宾语。

　　一些动词如need, want, require等作“需要”讲时, 其后的动词-ing形式的主动语态表示被动意义, 也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。

　　The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned.

　　黑板需要擦干净。

　　另外注意be worth及be worthy的用法： The problem is worth discussing.  The problem is worthy of being discussed. The problem is worthy to be discussed.  

　　巩固练习

　　1. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she

　　there. (2011 全国)

　　A.had been lyingB.has been lying

　　C.was lying

　　D.has lain

　　2. Experiments of this kind

　　in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011 北京)

　　have conducted

　　B. have been conducted

　　C. had conducted

　　D. had been conducted

　　3. On her next birthday, Ann

　　married for twenty years. (2011 天津)

　　A.is B.has been

　　C.will be

　　D.will have been

　　4. A lot of people often forget that oral exams

　　to test our communicative ability. (2011上海)

　　design

　　B. are designed

　　C. are designing

　　D. are being designed

　　5. Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they

　　from China. (2011福建)

　　A.receive

　　B.are receiving

　　C.have received

　　D.had received

　　6. The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant

　　in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.(2011浙江)

　　A. gave

　　B. gives C. was giving

　　D. had given

　　7. ——What a mistake!

　　——Yes. I

　　his doing it another way, but without success. (2011 四川)

　　A.was suggesting

　　B.will suggest

　　C.would suggest

　　D.had suggested

　　8. That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who

　　the piano upstairs? (2011重庆)

　　A. has played

　　B. played C. plays

　　D. is playing

　　9.Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He _____ to have been praised by the manager just now. (2011 重庆)

　　A.seemed

　　B.seems

　　C.had seemed

　　D.is seeming

　　10. In the near future, more advances in the robot technology

　　by scentists. (2011湖南)

　　A. are making

　　B. are made

　　C. will make

　　D. will be made

　　11. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son

　　from college. (2011辽宁)

　　A. graduated

　　B. has graduated

　　C. had been graduating

　　D. had graduated

　　1. 我们通常下午六点钟会面。

　　2. 你知道你在做什么吗？

　　3. 他说他第二天回来。

　　4. 昨天晚上， 她完成作业后就上床睡觉了。

　　5. 明天我们几点去那儿?

　　6. 当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分

　　钟。