2015届高考英语一轮复习配套课件：M8 Unit 3《The world of colours and light》（译林版）

　　　______ tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meet.

　　A. Were it rain

　　B. Should it rain

　　C. Would it rain

　　D. Will it rain B　句意：如果明天下雨，我们将不得不推迟运动会。与将来事实相反的非真实条件句，省略if，把should提到了句首。 怎样写好说明文 一、说明文的概述 说明文(Exposition)是介绍、说明客观事物的一种文体。它主要说明这种事物的形态、性质、成因、构造、功能等特征。它只是客观地介绍、解释事物，使读者获得知识和信息，并不需要发表主张、作出证明。一般说来，知识简介、商品介绍、游览手册、科技读物、工作总结、实验报告等，都属说明文之列。 写说明文应该目的明确、材料准确翔实、语言简练。写作方法上，可以按事物的时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写。也可以采取举例、比较、下定义等方法。 1．说明文写作注意事项 (1)限制要说明的事物和范围，比如写一篇题为“The Progress in English Study”的说明文，就必须引用一些实例来说明。由于题目要求写英语学习方面的进步，就不能列举其他学科的成绩。 (2)有足够多的、确切的例子阐述论证。如写“Our Head Teacher”的说明文时，必须选用一些具体的事例，如老师如何备课，课堂上怎样使学生在活跃的气氛中学习以及课后的辅导等。选例时不宜太多，否则会给人以堆砌例证、罗列现象之感，但也不要一篇文章只选一例，因为即使事例较典型，若只选一例其说服力也不够有力。 (3)用正确、恰当的顺序摆出事实、观点，对选出的典型事例要进行合理的安排，主次分明。 (4)尽可能使说明的内容有趣、生动，选用典型、新颖的素材，吸引读者。 2．说明文的结构 说明文的写作结构应遵循引子、正文、结束语3部分的要求。引子部分点出主题，正文部分引证说明主题，结束语部分重申一下主题，以起到强调的效果。 二、写作模板 第一段：总体介绍(包括要说明事物的外貌、特点、性能等)。例如：Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology. 第二段：具体说明，可列举一些典型事例。例如：All Senior Two students should learn such a course, by which students can achieve a lot. First, …Second … 第三段：总结评价(包括喜爱、夸赞等情感)。例如：They enjoy it mainly because the course is closely related to everyday life. 三、典例分析 1．试题要求 从去年开始，高中学生有了一门新的课程——《通用技术》(General Technology)。请你给某英文报纸写一份不少于120词的通讯稿，介绍这一课程及其实施情况。内容要点如下： (1)对象：高二学生 (2)目的：培养基本技能，提高设计能力

　　(3)要求：①能使用不同类型的常见工具，修理、设计和制作一些物品。 ②毕业前通过书面测试。 (4)同学们的反响、体会或评价。 2．内容分析 这篇习作要求考生写一则通讯稿，内容是介绍《通用技术》这一新课程及其实施情况。在体裁上它属于一篇说明文。题干已经清楚地说明了写作的基本要求，考生可以在阐述这些要点的同时适当地加以拓展，从而将《通用技术》这一新课程的开设对象、开设目的、开设要求及开设的效果得以明晰。 注意事项： ①写作的内容应充实丰富； ②使用现在时态叙述； ③注意主动句、被动句，简单句和复杂句式的综合运用，以提高作文的档次。

　　3．佳作赏析

　　Senior high school students are having a new course called General Technology. The new course, with the purpose of developing their basic skills and improving their design ability, is taught for Senior Two students.

　　General Technology is expected to have students learn to use different kinds of common tools. Therefore, they are supposed to be able to repair, design and make some little things with the help of what they have learned. Meanwhile, they ought to pass the written test before graduation.

　　Most students are extremely interested in the knowledge and abilities they have acquired from the new course, since what are taught in the course are what they really want to obtain in reality.

　　4．满分揭秘

　　该篇作文结构紧凑，开头一段说明《通用技术》这一新课程的开办目的和开办对象，第二段重点说明学生的学习要求，最后说明同学们对该课程的反响和体会。全文运用了大量的长句，这是其一大亮点，作者注意到主动句和被动句的综合运用，使语言极富变化，这些无疑都使该文成为一篇成功之作。  Module8·Unit 3

　　The world of colours and light 1、calculate vt. 计算；估计，推算，推测 　be calculated to do / for sth. 旨在，打算做某事 　It is calculated that… 据计算…… 　calculate on / upon ＝ depend / rely on 指望， 期待 ◆It is calculated that at least 47,000 jobs were lost last year.

　　据计算，去年至少丧失了47,000个工作岗位。 ◆This advertisement is calculated to attract the attention of housewives.

　　这个广告是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。 ◆We can't calculate on having fine weather for the sports meeting.

　　我们不指望有好天气开运动会。  我们能指望他们的帮助吗？ ______________________________________________ Can we calculate on their help? 2、 commit v. 犯罪，承诺，委托，托付 ◆They committed outrages on innocent citizens.

　　他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。 commit himself

　　He would not ________________ in any way. 他不愿做出任何承诺。 3、reward

　　n. 报答，赏金，报酬 ◆ An act of kindness deserves a reward.

　　善意的行为应该得到奖赏。 ◆ By rights, half the reward should be mine.

　　按理说，有一半奖赏应该是我的。

　　◆ You have received a just reward.

　　你已得到了应有的报酬。

　　3、reward vt. 奖赏，给……报酬 ◆ They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.

　　他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。

　　award, reward这两个动词均有“给予奖励”之意。 award 侧重指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励。 reward 指对品德高尚或勤劳的人所给予的奖励，也可指为某事付酬金。 deserves a reward 她积极努力，应得到奖赏。 She ____________________ for her efforts. 4、 abandon

　　vt. 完全放弃；离弃；抛弃 ◆The sailors abandoned the burning ship.

　　航员们放弃了那艘着火的船。 n. 放任，狂热 ◆The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.

　　那些女孩子跳上跳下尽情地挥舞着手臂。 　abandoned adj. 堕落的，放纵的；被遗弃的 　abandonment n. 放弃 　abandoner n. 放弃者；遗弃者 　abandon oneself to沉湎于；纵情于 ①D　句意：他姐姐抛弃她丈夫和3个孩子去荷兰定居。abandon表示“完全、永远地抛弃”。 ①His sister ______ her husband and three children and went to live in Holland.

　　A. gave up

　　B. quitted

　　C. stopped

　　D. abandoned ②deserted　 ②那个士兵叛国助敌。

　　The soldier ______ his country and helped the enemy.

　　③quitted　 ③她放弃了自己的工作。

　　She ______ her job. ④forsake　 ④她恳求丈夫不要抛弃她。

　　She pleaded with her husband not to ______ her. ⑤ given the dog up　 ⑤最后我们当那只狗已经走失了，而不再存有希望。

　　We had 　 at last.

　　⑥abandoned ⑥她遗弃了她的孩子。

　　She ________ her child.

　　1、cut up 切碎；使受苦 ◆His mother has to cut up all the food for him.

　　他的妈妈不得不为他将所有的食物切碎。 ◆Jean was really cut up when her husband left her.

　　在丈夫抛弃她之后，简痛苦极了。 2、make sth. out of sth.

　　用某材料做成某物

　　be made (out) of / make sth. out of 由……制成

　　make sth. out of…与 make sth. of…的意思相同。make sth. out of 常用于口语。 ◆The box is made out of cedarwood.

　　这盒子是用杉木做的。 ◆They make bottles out of glass.

　　他们用玻璃做瓶子。 1、Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room. 第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍，就想起把地图落在房间里了。 此句含有句型：hardly…when…“一……就……”，由于hardly位于句首，用倒装语序。正常语序是We had hardly left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room. hardly…when…这种句式主句常用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用一般过去时。hardly置于句首时，主句用倒装语序。该句式中hardly可以改成scarcely。 ◆I had hardly / scarcely closed my eyes when the telephone rang.

　　我刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。 ◆Hardly/ Scarcely had he arrived when he had to leave again.

　　他刚一到达，又不得不离开。 (1)no sooner…than…用法与之相似。 ◆No sooner had he finished his homework than the light went out. 他一做完作业， 灯就熄了。 (2)当never, seldom, little, barely, not until, nowhere, by no means 等否定词放在句首时，句子一般采用倒装形式。 ◆Little do I know about French. 对于法语我知之甚少。 ◆Nowhere in the world can you find such a beautiful place. 你在世界上任何地方都找不到如此漂亮的地方。 　 Little ______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

　　A. he realized

　　B. he didn't realize

　　C. didn't he realize

　　D. did he realize D　little是具有否定意义的词，位于句首时句子用部分倒装。 2 、Had you come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too. 如果你们和我们一起来了，我保证你们也会在欧洲玩得很开心的。 本句是一个省略了连词if，含有虚拟语气的倒装句，该句的完整语序是：If you had come with us, I guarantee you would have enjoyed Europe too. 在虚拟语气的条件句中，若含有助动词should，had 或连系动词were时，可以把连词 if 省略，且把should，had 或were倒装到主语的前面。 ◆Had he come last night, he would have met his sister at home. 昨晚要是他回来了，他就会在家见到他妹妹了。 ◆Should he visit me tomorrow, I would buy him a bicycle. 他若是明天来我就买一辆自行车给他。 ◆Were he you, I think he would lend his computer to me. 若他是你，我认为他就会把他的计算机借给我了。 【注意】在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。 ◆Were I not to come tomorrow, I would send you an e­mail to let you know. 如果明天我不来，我就发邮件告诉你。