2015届高考英语一轮基础语法专项训练：专题十二 《冠词》（人教版）

　　专题十二　冠词

　　◆不定冠词的考查要点

　　1．表示数量“一”，相当于“one”。

　　I’ll return in a day or two.

　　2．表示“同一”，相当于“the same”。

　　The children are of an age.

　　3．表示泛指或类指，指人或事物的某一个、某一类。

　　He wants to be a doctor.

　　4．用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。

　　We have meals three times a day.

　　5．用于专有名词前表示类似的一个或某一个，相当于“a certain”。

　　A Mr.Li is asking to see you.

　　6．与某些物质名词或抽象名词连用，表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵……”。

　　a heavy rain

　　7．用在某些固定词组中。

　　have a swim＝swim

　　题组训练1

　　根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词

　　1．It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

　　2．—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.

　　—Right，he will also get paid by the week.

　　3．Dr.Peter Spence，/ headmaster of the school，told us，“A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

　　4．The biggest whale is a blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of a 9­storeyed building.

　　5．We can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less polluted world.

　　◆定冠词的考查要点

　　1．用于上文提到过的人或事物前。

　　I have bought a book.The book is very useful.

　　2．用于说话人与听话人都知道的人或事物前。

　　Close the window，please.

　　3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前，如：the sun。

　　4．用于表示方位的名词之前，如：in the east。

　　5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前，如：the first。

　　6．用于形容词之前，使其名词化，表示一类人。

　　7．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。

　　8．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等名词之前，如：the West Lake。

　　9．用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。

　　10．用于作为课程或演奏等的西洋乐器名词前，如：play the piano，play the violin。

　　11．用于表示单位的名词前，如：by the day按日。

　　12．用于年代、朝代、时代名词前，如：in the 1970s。

　　13．用于某些固定词组中，如：in the morning。

　　题组训练2

　　根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词

　　1．Let’s go to the cinema—that’ll take your mind off the problem for a while.

　　2．What a pity that you couldn’t be there to receive the_prize!

　　3．Some people fear that / air pollution may bring about changes in the weather around the world.

　　4．As is known to all，the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

　　5．As he reached the front door，Jack saw a strange sight.

　　◆不用冠词的情况

　　1．不含普通名词的专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前，一般不加冠词，如：China，America。

　　2．可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。

　　Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

　　3．季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词，如：March，have supper。

　　4．称呼语前不加冠词。

　　What shall I do next，Mother?

　　5．表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，一般不加冠词。

　　6．学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。

　　7．复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时，前不加冠词。

　　8．在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。

　　9．连系动词turn后的表语单数可数名词前不加冠词。

　　The young worker has turned writer.

　　10．as，though引导的倒装让步状语从句中的表语(单数可数名词)置于句首时不加冠词。

　　Child as he is，he knows a lot.

　　11．某些固定词组中不加冠词，如：husband and wife，arm in arm。

　　题组训练3

　　根据语境在下面的空格处填上合适的冠词

　　1．Everything comes with a_price; there is no such / thing as free lunch in the world.

　　2．It’s a_good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them / pleasure.

　　3．In communication，a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and / open attitude.

　　4．What / fun it is to swim in the river in summer.

　　5．Jack，/ monitor of our class，is a hard­working student.

　　◆语法填空

　　A

　　I came to study in the United States a year ago.Yet I did not know the American society 1.until/till I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court.2.After the accident，my roommate called a doctor for me.I was very 3.thankful(thank) and decided to repay him one day.But 4.the next day，he asked me to pay him $200 for 5.what he had done.I was astonished.He had good reason to charge me，he said.And 6.if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my 7.injury(injure)，I’d have to have a good lawyer.Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor，it was only fair that I should pay him.

　　But every time I went to see the doctor，I had to wait about 50 minutes.He would see two 8.or three patients at the same time，and often stop 9.treating(treat) one so as to see another.Yet he charged me $115 each time.The final 10.examination(examine) report only contained ten lines，but it cost me $215.

　　B

　　One day，there was a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods.He was hungry，1.so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house.

　　2．However，he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door.Instead of a meal he asked 3.for a drink of water.She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk.He drank it slowly，and then asked，“How much do I owe you？” “You don’t owe me anything，” she replied.“Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a 4.kindness(kind)．”

　　Years later the young woman became critically ill.Specialists were called in to study 5.her rare disease.Dr. Howard Kelly，now famous，was called in for the consultation.When he went into her room，he recognized her at once.He went back to the consultation room and 6.determined(determine) to do his best to save her life.After a long struggle，the battle was 7.won(win)．The bill was sent to her room.She was afraid to open 8.it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off.Finally she looked，and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention.

　　“Paid in full with a glass of milk.”

　　Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed 9.silently(silent)，“Thank you，God.Your love has spread 10.through human hearts and hands.”