【人教大纲版】2017届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：SBⅡ Units 7-8

　　SBⅡ Units 7-8

　　重点句型

　　1. …and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.(SBⅡ U7)

　　……使人丧失对感染及疾病的抵抗力。

　　leave vt. 让……处于某种状态

　　①Please excuse me if I __________________(对你的任何问题都没有回答)．

　　②Extremely angry, Mum walked away and __________________(留下我一人坐在那儿).

　　③I __________________(让门开着)when I leave in case he comes back.

　　④It should be better to __________________(让他自个儿做).

　　【答案】

　　①(have) left any of your questions unanswered

　　②left me sitting there all by myself

　　③will leave the door open

　　④leave him to do it himself

　　2. Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more.(SBⅡ U8)

　　学习急救是保证遇到此类事情不留遗憾的最佳途径。

　　could have done 的用法：

　　（1）用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，对过去的动作进行可能性推测，也可用can have done。用于肯定句中相当于may/might have done。例如：

　　He can/could have left earlier. (can/could have left相当于may/might have left)

　　他可能早离开了。

　　Surely she can/could not have arrived so early.

　　他不可能到这么早。Can/Could he have left already?

　　他可能已经离开了吗？

　　（2）用于肯定句中表示过去本来能够做而未做。例如：

　　You could have caught the early train. (事实上没搭上)

　　你本应该搭上早班车。

　　①__________________(那会是舒适的旅行吗) since there were 6 people in the little car?

　　②I __________________(本可以更加用功些的), but as a matter of fact, I have wasted too much time.

　　【答案】

　　①Can that have been a comfortable journey

　　②can have studied harder

　　课文原句高考对照

　　　Xiaohua has learnt to live with HIV and the fact that she will one day develop AIDS.

　　小华已经学会了带着HIV病毒生活，并将会变成艾滋病。 　

　　In modern times, people have to learn to

　　______ all kinds of pressure although they are

　　leading a comfortable life.(2008湖北卷)

　　A. keep with

　　B. stay with

　　C. meet with

　　D. live with

　　解析：选D。句意：在现代，尽管人们过着一

　　种舒适的生活，但他们必须学会忍受各种压力

　　。　

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　Two years have passed since that day in Dr Richards' office and my life has not yet ended.

　　自从那天在理查德斯医生的办公室后，两年过去了，我的生命并没有结束。

　　His sister left home in 1998, and ______

　　since.(2009全国卷Ⅰ)

　　A. had not been heard of

　　B. has not been heard of

　　C. had not heard of

　　D. has not heard of

　　解析：选B。句意：他妹妹于1998离家，打那以

　　后，就杳无音信了。在“课文原句”中since用

　　作介词；在“高考对照”中since用作副词。

　　课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照

　　Many hospitals recommend that we use the letters DR ABC to remember what to do when we have to think fast.

　　许多医院推荐我们使用“急救五步走”去记住当我们遇到紧急状况时要干什么。 　

　　The doctor recommended that you ______

　　swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷)

　　A. wouldn't

　　B. couldn't

　　C. needn't

　　D. shouldn't

　　解析：选D。句意：医生建议你在饱餐一顿后

　　，不应该去游泳。recommend可以用作及物动

　　词，表示“劝告，建议”；当其后接宾语从句时

　　，谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”。在“课

　　文原句”中，从句中的should省去了。

　　语法精讲

　　——定语从句

　　1.由关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句；

　　2.由介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句；

　　3.通过关系代词或关系副词来考查定语从句、

　　状语从句、名词性从句的区别。

　　定语从句

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词和关系副词必须放在先行词之后，从句之首，起联系作用，同时在从句中充当成分。

　　1.that指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。如：

　　The train that was going to Shanghai was late. (that指代物the train，在从句中作主语，不能省略)

　　去往上海的那趟列车晚点了。

　　The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher.（that指代人the man，在从句中作宾语，可省略）

　　你刚刚看到的那个人是我们的老师。

　　2.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，可和that换用。如：

　　The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late. (which指代物the train，在从句中作主语，不能省略)

　　The book (which/that) you want is on the desk.（which指代物the book, 在从句中作宾语，可省略）

　　你想要的那本书在桌子上。

　　下面几种情况不能用which，而要用that引导定语从句：

　　（1）先行词为all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如：

　　All that can be done has been done.

　　能做的都做了。

　　（2）先行词被all, any, every, few, little, no, some等修饰时。如：

　　I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

　　我已读完了你给我的所有的书。

　　（3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。如：

　　This is one of the best films (that) I have ever seen.

　　这是我看过的最好的电影之一。

　　（4）先行词被the only, the very, the last修饰时。如：

　　This is the very book (that) I am after.

　　这正是我要找的书。

　　（5）先行词既有人又有物时。如：

　　He spoke of the men and the things (that) he had seen abroad.

　　他谈到他在国外见到的人和事。

　　3.who, whom指人，在从句中分别作主语和宾语，可和that换用。whom作宾语时也可用who替代，也可省略。如：

　　The boy who/that helped you is my classmate.（who指the boy, 在从句中作主语，不能省略）

　　帮助你的男孩是我的同学。

　　The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our teacher.

　　你刚才见到的那个人是我们的老师。

　　4.whose指人或物，在从句中作定语。当修饰物时，相当于“名词+of which”。如：

　　Here is the girl whose mother works in this shop.

　　就是那个母亲在这家商店工作的女孩。

　　He lives in a room whose window (=the window of which) faces south.

　　他住在窗户朝南的那个房间里。

　　1.关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，这时不用that；也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时也可用that代替which或whom，也可省略。如：

　　This is the room in which we lived last year.或This is the room (which/that) we lives in last year.

　　这是我们去年住的房间。

　　Who’s the man to whom you talked just now?或 Who’s the man (whom/that) you talked to just now?

　　刚才和你谈话的那个人是谁？

　　2.“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选择

　　①根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。如：

　　This is the book about which I often talk.

　　= This is the book of which I often speak.

　　这是我经常谈到的那本书。

　　②根据先行词的搭配习惯。如：

　　I remember the day on which I first met him.

　　我还记得我第一次见到他的那天。

　　I remember the days during which I lived there.

　　我还记得我住在那儿的那些日子。

　　③同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。如：

　　He made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.

　　他在墙上弄了个洞，通过这个洞他能看到房子里正发生的一切。

　　1.when指时间，在从句中作时间状语，可用“介词（on, in, at, during等）＋关系代词”代替。如：

　　I’ll never forget the day when (=on which) I joined the League.

　　我永远都忘不了我入团的那一天。

　　2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语，可用“介词（in, at等）＋关系代词”代替。如：

　　This is the factory where (=in which) we stayed last year.

　　这就是我们去年待的工厂。

　　3.why指原因，在从句中作原因状语，可用“介词for＋关系代词”代替。如：

　　I don’t know the reason why (=for which) he came late.

　　我不知道他迟到的原因。

　　注意：当先行词为表时间、地点的词时，有时不用when, where，而用which或that。试比较：

　　（1）This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.

　　这是我们去年参观的工厂。

　　（2）This is the school where we studied last year.

　　这是我们去年上过学的学校。

　　要正确把握关系代词和关系副词的区别，关键是看引导词在定语从句中所起的作用，特别是要注意定语从句中谓语动词的特点。如

　　（1）中动词visit是及物动词，由此判断引导词作宾语；

　　（2）中stay为不及物动词，由此判断引导词作状语。

　　以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句一般由that或in which引导，通常还可以省略。如：

　　I don’t like the way (that/in which) you laugh at her.

　　我不喜欢你笑话她的那种方式。

　　1.限制性定语从句和主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。如：

　　I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，主句意思不完整）

　　我是办公室里唯一被邀请的人。

　　2.非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把从句和主句隔开。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。如：

　　Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.

　　汤姆的父亲，60多岁了，现在仍然夜以继日地工作。

　　Tom studies hard and is ready to help others, which his parents expected.

　　汤姆努力学习而且总是乐于助人，这点是他父母所希望的。