SBⅠUnits 17-18
重点句型
1. Another journey of challenge and danger was about to begin. (SBⅠ U17)
又一次富有挑战和危险的旅程就要开始了。
be about to do sth.表示“正要(即将)做某事”(不与表示将来的时间状语连用)。经常与when 搭配,这种结构也可以换成be on the point of doing sth.… when…
I was about to start out when it began to rain.
我正要出发,就在这时天开始下雨了。
We were about to start out when the headmaster stopped us.
我们正要出发,就在这时校长拦住了我们。
will/shall, be going to, be to 也可表将来;be going to表示即将发生或准备好做某事;be to表示约定、职责、义务、可能性等,有命令、指令和要求之意。
①I ______________(正准备看) your composition.
②When he ______ (正要开)the door, he found his keys were nowhere.(2009·湖南卷改编)
【答案】
①was about to read
②was to open
2. On the third day I was struggling through stormy weather and during the next week the wind grew stronger and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent. (SBⅠ U17)
第三天我在风暴中挣扎,第二周风刮得更猛了,我发现自己终日在帐篷里。
find oneself …
发现自己(处于某种状态);不知不觉地……
find oneself doing/done/at/in… 发现自己正在做某事/被……/在……地点
①Then I __________________(发现自己被围着) half a dozen boys. ②In the dream Peter found himself ______ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased
B. to be chased
C. be chased
D. having been chased
【答案】
①found myself surrounded by
②A find oneself done。
3. The East China Sea lies to the west of Zhejiang Province. (SBⅠ U18)
中国的东海位于浙江省西部。
lie/be in (to/on)( the) east/west/north/south of …
……位于……的东部/西部/北部/南部
(1)通常用动词be和lie,be后接介词短语,lie后既可接介词短语,又可接副词短语。
(2)有三个介词可分别表示方位:to,in,on。to表示在另一个地点的外部,或者某一山脉或界线以东、以西、以南、以北必须用to;in表示范围内;on表示接壤,还可表示“在……河畔/湖畔”。
(3)有时可以把副词短语或介词短语放在句首加动词lie或stand,表示方位,构成完全倒装句。
(4)lie on the coast 濒临海岸
lie off the coast 在海水中(强调被水围着)
①Wuhan __________________(位于……之畔)the Changjiang River.
②Japan __________________(位于) the east of China.
③At the foot of the mountain ______.
A. a village lies
B. lies a village
C. does a village lie
D. lying a village
【答案】
①lies on ②lies to ③B 完全倒装句。
课文原句高考对照
For women it sometimes seems twice as difficult.
对于妇女来说(生活)有时要难上加难。
My uncle's house in the downtown
area is much smaller than ours, bu it is
twice ______ expensive.(2009四川卷)
as
B. so
C. too
D. very
解析:选A。倍数+as+形容词/副词+as是倍数的三
种表示方法之一。此句可补充完整为…but it is
twice as expensive as ours.“课文原句”可
补充完整为:For women it sometimes seems
twice as difficult as it does for men.其中
does代替seems。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical.
新西兰是温带海洋性气候,而北部是亚热带气候。
It just isn't fair; ______ I was working as a
waiter last month, my friends were lying on the
beach.(2009辽宁卷)
A. whenever
B. though
C. for
D. while
解析:选D。句意:这不公平,上个月我在做侍
者,而我的朋友们却躺在沙滩上(享受)。其中的
while强烈暗示前后两个分句在意思上的对比。而
“课文原句”也一样是表示新西兰南北气候上的
对比。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
New Zealand has a mild sea climate, while the north is subtropical.
新西兰是温带海洋性气候,而北部是亚热带气候。
Mary made coffee ______ her guests were
finishing their meal.(2010全国卷Ⅰ)
A. so that
B. although
C. while
D. as if
解析:选C。句意:玛丽煮咖啡时她的客人们刚好
吃完饭。
语法精讲
——情态动词
1.情态动词表允许、推测、判断等用法;
2.情态动词+不定式的完成式的用法;
3.情态动词在具体语境中的用法;
4.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法。
情态动词是助动词的一种,它们在句中不能单独充当谓语,要和行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语部分。情态动词一共有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to。
1.没有人称和数的变化
2.其后接动词原形
3.否定式:情态动词+not+动词原形
一种是推测性意义,另外一种是非推测性意义。
下面分别从这两方面阐述:
1.推测性意义:表示说话者对所陈述的事情的可靠性进行推测或估计。
下面是情态动词表推测的可能性从大到小的排序:
They must have cleaned the classroom. It’s very tidy.
他们一定打扫了教室,现在很整洁。
He can’t have gone abroad. I saw him just now.
他不可能出国了。我刚才还见过他。
They will have arrived there, I think.
我想他们已经到了那儿。
Have you heard from Jim? He should have gone to school.
你收到吉姆的来信了吗?他应该去学校了。
She might have known the news, but I’m not sure.
她可能已经知道这个消息,但我不肯定。
Could he have been arrested by the police?
他有可能被警察抓了吗?
He may not be at home.
他可能不在家。
2. 非推测性意义:不对所叙述的事情进行推测,而是说明主语发出的“命令、要求、能力、允许”等。下面对几组词的非推测性意义进行比较辨析:
(1)can,be able to
①表示“能力”。can多用于现在时, could用于过去时,表示过去泛指的一般能力。be able to可用于各种时态,其过去时was/were able to=managed to do/succeeded in doing,表示“过去某特定环境中经过努力设法成功做成某事”,此时不能用could。如:
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.
大火很快在旅馆里蔓延开来,但是每个人都设法逃出来了。
②can/could可表示“允许”,用于疑问句表示委婉地提出“请求”,be able to 没有这种用法。
Can you help me with my physics?
你能帮我学习物理吗?
Could I borrow your pen?
我可以借一下你的钢笔吗?
③can(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧。
How can/could you be here?
你怎么会在这儿?
(2)may, might
①表示“许可、请求”,相当于can。might比may的语气更委婉一些,否定回答时都要用can’t 或mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”之意。
— May/Might I use your pen?
—No, you can’t/mustn’t.
——我可以用你的钢笔吗?
——不行,你不能用。
②may用于祈使句中表示祝愿, might无此用法。
May you succeed!
祝你成功!
③may/might (just) as well+动词原形=had better+动词原形
You may/might as well have a good rest.
你最好好好休息一下。
(3)will, would
①will在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出“请求或询问”,用would语气更加婉转。
Will/Would you please tell her the news when you see her?
你见到她时告诉她这个消息好吗?
②表示“意志、意愿和坚定的决心”。
He won’t leave you.
他决不会离开你的。
③would 表示过去习惯性或经常性的动作,意为“过去常常”。
He would have a walk after supper.
以前他常常吃完晚饭后就去散步。
(4)shall, should
①用于第一人称,表示征求对方的“意愿”。
Let’s go home, shall we?
我们回家,好吗?
②shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的“意见”或向对方“请示”。
Shall we begin our lesson?
我们开始上课好吗?
Where shall he wait for you?
他到哪儿等你好呢?
③shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方“命令、警告、允诺、决心或威胁”。
You shall obey the rules.(命令)
你们要遵守规则。
You shall have a computer if you study hard. (允诺)
如果你学习努力,你将有一台电脑。
④shall 在条约、规章和法令文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称,指“应,必须”。
Each party shall respect the conditions of this contract. (条约)
双方都必须遵守合约中的条件。
⑤should表示“义务、劝告、建议、命令”,其同义词是ought to。
You should/ought to respect your parents.
你应该尊重你的父母。
You should/ought to go to class right away.
你应该立刻去上课。
⑥should/ought to+have done表示“本应该做而未做……”。
shouldn’t have done/ought not have done 表示“本不该做而做了……”,都含有责备之意。
You should have come here a little earlier.
你应该早点儿来的。
You ought not have watered the flowers too often.
你不应该给花这样频繁地浇水。
⑦should在if引导的条件从句中,相当于“万一”的意思。
Should you/If you should change your mind, do let me know.
万一你改变主意的话,一定要让我知道。
⑧用于表示必要、适当、惊奇和遗憾的从句中,指“应该,竟然会”。
It’s necessary that I (should) go at once.
我应该马上去。
Why should he think that?
为什么他竟会那样想?
(5)must, have(got)to
①must表示的是说话人的主观意志,而have to则往往强调客观需要。
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
这场戏剧很无趣,现在我真的要走了。
My computer broke down. I had to buy a new one.
我的电脑坏了,我不得不买台新的。
②must一般只表示现在,have则有更多的时态形式。
③二者的否定意义不同。Mustn’t 指“禁止,千万不,一定不”;doesn’t/don’t/didn’t have to 指“不必”。
You mustn’t go. 你千万不要去。
You don’t have to go.=You needn’t go. 你不必去。
④must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思,而have to 无此义。
Why must it rain today?
为什么偏偏在今天下雨?
(6)would, used to
①would表示过去习惯性的动作,但不涉及与现在情况的对比。
He would walk by the river in the morning.
以前每天早上他经常去河边散步。
注意:would后只能接表动作的动词,不能接表状态的动词。 如不能说:
He would be late for school last year.(错)
There would be a temple here. (错)
②used to表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,现在已不存在了,有明显的今昔对比。
He used to get up very early. 他过去起得早。(意思是说现在起得不早了)
(7)dare, need
①作情态动词时后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
——我今天需要完成工作吗?
——是的,必须完成。
How dare you say so?
你怎敢这样说?
②作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化,在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带to的不定式,在否定和疑问句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
She doesn’t dare (to) go out alone at night.
她不敢晚上一个人出去。
He needs to think it over again.
他需要再三思考。
() 1. I'm afraid Mr.Harding ______ see you now. He's busy.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)
A. can't
B. mustn't
C. shouldn't
D. needn't
A
can't不能够;mustn't禁止;shouldn't不应该;needn't没必要。
() 2. “You ______ have a wrong number,” she said. “There's no one of that name here.”(2010·浙江卷)
A. need
B. can
C. must
D. would
C
考查情态动词表猜测的用法。must 表示有把握的肯定猜测。句意:“你肯定弄错号码了,”她说:“这儿没有这样一个名字的人。”
() 3. — I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
— Don't worry. You ______ have it by Friday.(2010·江苏卷)
A. could
B. shall
C. must
D. may
B
shall表示“承诺、许可”。句意:“我还没有拿到参考书,但我下个月就要参加这个科目的考试。”“别着急,你到星期五就可以拿到。”
() 4. — Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.
— Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters.(2010·北京卷)
A. might
B. must
C. would
D. can
B
考查情态动词表猜测的用法。must 表示有把握的肯定猜测。第二句句意:“喔,上午好,您一定是彼得太太。”
书面表达:应用文写作技巧(六)欢送辞
【要点概述】
欢送辞是当客人离开时,在告别宴会或其他特定场合主人对客人表示惜别之情和表达祝愿时所使用的一种专用文书。
1.欢送辞分为三个部分:称呼语,正文,结束语。
2.正文是致词的主体,欢送辞要表达对客人在和大家相处的这段时间的难忘之情,回顾彼此交往的过程或经历,同时对逗留期间所见所闻发表感想,并评价对方取得的成绩和建立的友谊及贡献。在正文结束时表达对对方的良好祝福和热切希望。
3.从语言特征上看,英语致词的用词要热烈、诚恳,语句要简洁明了,要比较口语化,不要太过咬文嚼字。
4. 常用客套话:
We wish… a pleasant time…
May you have a pleasant time…
Wish you a good trip/journey back home!
We are looking forward to seeing you again.
【体验高考】
汤姆三年前随父母来中国,现在要回国,请你代表全班同学起草一篇欢送辞,内容包括:
1.在中国逗留期间,相处融洽,互相帮助。
2.同学们学习英语兴趣更浓,进步大。
3.以后经常联系,希望汤姆再来中国。
一、要求:
时态:一般现在时
格式:欢送辞的开头称呼语,正文,结束语都要包含
二、要点提示:
写作时,先回顾汤姆在这一段时期的工作或学习情况,再赞扬汤姆所取得的成就,并表示相处愉快,最后祝归途顺利并欢迎再次来中国等。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Dear friends,
Today we are having a party to honor our friend Tom, who is returning to his own country with his parents. How time flies! It was three years since he came to our school. During this period, we have helped each other and thus have become good friends.
What’s more, many of us have become more interested in English and have made great progress in it.
We all hope that when he returns to his homeland, he will get in touch with us as often as possible. We also hope that he will come to China again some day. Good luck, Tom. And good luck to your family. May you have a pleasant trip home! Thank you.
【强化演练】
请按以下内容写一篇欢送辞:
同志们、朋友们:
今天,我们在这里欢聚,因为丹尼尔博士(Doctor Daniel)将于明天回国。丹尼尔博士的访问虽然短暂,然而是极其成功的。在北京期间,他参观了工厂、农村、学校,与工人、农民、科学家、艺术家、教师和学生进行过谈话,与他们成为朋友,并认真研究了我国的政治、经济、文化和教育。
在向丹尼尔博士告别之际(in bidding farewell to him),我们真诚地希望丹尼尔博士给我们提出批评、指导和宝贵意见,以便我们改进工作。同时,我们想借此机会请他转达(convey)我们对美国人民的深厚友谊及亲切问候和敬意。
祝丹尼尔博士一路平安,身体健康。
生词:
①criticism n.批评
②tend to 势必;往往引起
词数:120左右
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
Comrades and friends,
Today we are now gathered here with Doctor Daniel because he will leave for home tomorrow.
Doctor Daniel’s visit to China is short but very successful. During his stay in Beijing he visited factories,villages, schools, and carefully studied our politics, economy, culture and education.
In bidding farewell to him, we sincerely hope that Doctor Daniel will benefit us with his criticisms, advice and valuable suggestions tending to the improvement of our work, and we wish to take this opportunity to request him to convey our deep friendship to the American people, and also our best regards and respects to them.
We wish him a pleasant journey home and
good
health.
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