(SBⅠU1)1.Rock music is OK, and so is skiing.(SBⅠ U1)
①“So +主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示对别人的话作出肯定反应,so意为“的确、确实”。
②表示遵照别人的话或自己的许诺去做了时用“主语+do+ so”,so意为“如此、这样”。
③So it is/was with me. 我也如此。用于前面句子中并列谓语不同或肯、否定形式不同时。
I don’t enjoy singing, nor do I like
computers. (SBⅠ U1)
①I'm not fond of playing basketball, ______________________________ (也不喜欢踢足球).
②I asked him to pass me the book and ____________________________ (他这样做了).
③Tom likes singing, but doesn't like dancing, ________________________ (我也一样).
④—Brother John has made great progress recently.
—______, and ______.
A. So he has; so you have
B. So he has; so have you
C. So has he; so have you
D. So has he; so you have
【答案】
①nor/neither am I fond of playing football
②he did so(=he passed me the book)
③so it is with me
④B “so+主语+助动词”结构表示上句提到的情形的确如此,对其进一步强调,此时,两句的主语相同。本题下句应为“最近他的确取得了很大的进步,你也一样。”“so+助动词+主语”表示“……也一样”。
2.One day Chuck is on a flight across the
PacificOcean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天,查克飞越太平洋时,他的飞机突然坠毁了。
when作“在这/那时”解,含有“突然”之意。此时when作并列连词,前一分句多用过去将来时或过去进行时,when后的分句用过去时,句式为:
I was about to go out when the telephone rang.
我正要出去,这时电话响了。
I had just gone to bed when I heard a loud noise.
我刚刚上床睡觉,这时听到一声巨响。
①I ______________________(正准备) jump into the river when I saw a snake swimming my way.
②We were just ______ calling you up ______ you came in.
A. about; when
B. on the point of; while
C. on the point of; when
D. on the point of; as
【答案】
①was just about to
②C 本题考查“be on the point of doing sth.…when…”句型,表示“正要干……就在此时……”。
3. He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.(SBⅠ U1)
查克还认识到,自己本该多关心朋友的。
should have done 的意思是“本该做……(事实上未做)”,指的是过去的动作,含有责备的意思,其否定形式是shouldn’t
have done “本不应该做……”。
① — Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
— Oh, you ______________________(应该完成它) as yesterday was the deadline.(2010·上海卷改编)
②I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I __________________ (应该开车送她) there.
【答案】
①should have done it
②should have driven her
4.
With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.(SBⅠ U2)
有这么多的人每天用英语交流,精通英语将会变得越来越重要。
“with+复合宾语”,即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”用来表示原因、伴随、结果等,其结构和用法如下:
(1)
with+宾语+现在分词(宾语和作宾补的动词为主谓关系,即表主动)
She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.
那么多人看着她,她感到非常紧张。
(2) with+宾语+过去分词(宾语和作宾补的动词为动宾关系,即表被动)
He stood there with his hands raised.
他举着手站在那儿。
(3)with+宾语+不定式(不定式指将来)
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有很多的困难问题要解决,新选的总统正处于一个艰难时期。
(4) with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open.
他经常开着窗户睡觉。
(5)with+宾语+副词
With John away, we've got more room.
由于约翰走了,我们的空间更大了。
(6) with+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arm.
他头枕手臂睡着了。
①__________________(随着冬天的到来), it's time to buy warm clothes.
②They sat together around the table with ________________ (门关着).
③Tired, Jim was fast asleep with ____________________(背靠着) a big tree. (2010·四川卷改编)
④John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
【答案】
①With winter coming on
②the door shut
③his back against
④A work与finish之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。注意本题不能选D,因为有with构成“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构。
5.However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.(SBⅠ U2)
然而,多数时间里,两国人相互理解没有困难。
have some difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth.
意思是“在做……方面有困难”,其中trouble是不可数名词,difficulty既能作可数名词,又能作不可数名词,前面可加上some, much, great, a lot of, no, little等词或短语。
do sth. without/with difficulty 毫不费力/费力做某事
there be difficulty in doing sth. 做某事有困难
have difficulty/trouble with sth. 意思是“在某方面有困难”,with后接名词或代词
It's difficult (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事有困难
①Millions of families __________________(有困难) keeping two children at school in rural areas.
②You can never imagine what great difficulty I have ______ your house.
A. found
B. finding
C. to find
D. for finding
【答案】 ①have difficulty in
②B 本题考查have difficulty (in) doing sth.结构。该结构被安排在了一个定语从句中。 课文原句高考对照
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天,查克飞越太平洋时,他的飞机突然因故而坠毁了。
She had just finished her homework ______ her mother asked
her to practice playing the piano
yesterday.(2009·福建卷)
A.when
B. while
C. after
D. since
解析:选A。句意:昨天她刚做完作业
,她妈妈就让她练钢琴。与“课文原句
”一样,when在句中用作连词,意为:
and at this time。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天,查克飞越太平洋时,他的飞机突然因故而坠毁了。
Because of the heavy traffic, it was
already time for lunch break ______ she
got to her office.(2010四川卷)
A. since
B. that
C. when
D. until
解析:选C。句意:由于交通拥挤,
当她到达办公室时,早已是午饭休息
时间了。when作连词表“当……时”
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
他还认识到自己本该多多关心朋友的。
I ______ have watched that movie —
it‘ll give me horrible dreams. (2010山东卷)
A. shouldn't
B. needn't
C. couldn't
D. mustn't
解析: 选A。句意:我不该看那部电
影,我会做恶梦的。shouldn't have
done 不该做却做了。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
他还认识到自己本该多多关心朋友的。
He did not regret saying what he did
but felt that he ______ it
differently.(2009江苏卷)
A. could express
B. would express
C. could have expressed
D. must have expressed
解析:选C。句意:他不后悔讲出了
他做了什么,但感觉到他本可以用不
同的方式来表达的。与“课文原句”有
所不同的是这里用了could have done
来表示“本来可以做……”。should have
done与could have done都用来表示对
过去事情的后悔与责备。
课文原句高考对照 课文原句高考对照
What is it that Joe can't find in the bathroom?
乔在浴室里究竟找不到什么?
I just wonder ______ that makes
him so excited.(2006山东卷)
A. why it does
B. what he does
C. how it is
D. what it is
选D。句意:我只是想不明白是什么
使他那样激动。此句中what引导的宾
语从句是用的强调结构,“课文原句”
同样是用的强调结构,两者不同之处
在于:后者是what引导的宾语从句,
自然应该用陈述句式,即is应在it之后
语法精讲
冠词与名词
1.冠词:名词前用不定冠词、定冠词与不用冠词的具体含义;冠词在常用短语中的用法;在感叹句型或比较句型中考查冠词;在特定语境中活用冠词。
2.名词:名词的可数与不可数;抽象名词具体化;名词作定语;固定搭配;在具体语境中辨析词义。------冠词
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。
不定冠词的主要用法:
用于单数可数名词前,表示泛指,说明其名称和种类。辅音音素前用a;元音音素前用an,而不是元音字母开头。
Give me a pen.
给我一支钢笔。
(2)表示每一。
There are twelve months in a year.
一年有12个月。
(3)表示某个。
A girl is waiting for you.
有个女孩在等你。
(4)表示某类之一。
Mark Twain was an American writer.
马克·吐温是美国作家。
(5)用在序数词前,表示“又一”、“再一”。
We’ll have to do it a second time.
我们得重做一次。
(6)用在人名前,表示一个叫某某名字的人,或表示一个类似的人,还可表示某人的作品。
A Mr. Smith is waiting for you.
一位史密斯先生在等你。
Did you ever read a Lu Xun?
你读过鲁迅的作品吗?
(7)用在一些习惯用语中。
make a living(谋生)
do sb. a favour(帮某人个忙)
in a hurry(匆忙地)
all of a sudden(突然)
put an end to(结束)
as a rule (通常)
in a way(在某种程度上)
in a word(总之)
at a loss(不知所措)
注意:
用于抽象名词前,表示“一种”、“一份”、“一场”、“一阵”等意思,在名词前多数情况下有一个形容词或名词作修饰语。
We live a happy life.
我们过着幸福的生活。(a有“一种”的意思)
There was a heavy rain last night.
昨晚下了一场大雨。
After a quick breakfast, she hurried to school.
快速吃完早餐后,她急忙赶去学校了。
(8)不定冠词在句中的位置
①a/an+adj.+n.
②such a/an+adj.+n.
③so/as/too/how+adj./adv.+a/an+n.
④用在quite, rather, many, half, what等词之后。定冠词的主要用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。
The book on the desk is mine.
桌子上的那本书是我的。
(2)指上文提到过的人或事物。
My father bought me a watch.
The watch is beautiful.
父亲给我买了一只表。
那只表很漂亮。
(3)在世界上独一无二的事物前。
The earth is bigger than the moon.
地球比月球大。
(4)在西洋乐器前。
play the piano/violin/guitar
弹钢琴/小提琴/吉他
注意:
在传统的中国乐器名词前不加the:
play er (5)在序数词和形容词最高级前。
He caught the first bus.
She is the tallest of her class.
他赶上了第一班车。
她是班里个子最高的。
注意:
形容词最高级如果用作表语且不与他人或物进行比较时,通常用零冠词。
They are busiest on Friday.
(6)在单数名词和名词化的形容词前,
表示类别。
The pig is a useful animal.
The rich are not all happy.
猪是有用的动物。
富人并不都快乐。
(7)在姓氏复数形式前表示夫妇二人或全家人。
The Turners are watching TV.
特纳一家正在看电视。
(8)在逢十的数词之前,指世纪的某个年代。
in the 1990’s
20世纪90年代
(9)在发明物前。
The compass was invented in China.
指南针是中国发明的。
(10) 用于某些表示具体的计量单位名词前。
若表示抽象概念,则用零冠词。
(11)表示身体部位的名词前。
He caught me by the arm.
I took the little boy by the hand and patted him on the head.
(12)表示方向或方位的名词前。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(13)在一些习惯用语中。
in the day, in the morning / afternoon / evening, on the right, at the beginning, all the time
在白天,在早上/下午/晚上,在右边,刚开始,一直
by the way; on the air; to the point
顺便,广播,切题,中肯
不用冠词的一些情况
(1)在某些抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词前。
China, bread, love, struggle
(2) 在称呼语、独一无二的头衔、职务名词
并在句中作表语、主语补足语、宾语补
足语、同位语时,名词前用零冠词。
What shall I do next, Mother?
In 1860, Lincoln was elected President of the United States.
(3)在法定节假日、星期、月份、季节前。
New Year’s Day
May Day
Sunday
September
注意:
在传统的中国节日前用定冠词the。
the Spring Festival
the Lantern Festival
特指某一季节时加the。
I’ll never forget the summer of 2008.
(4)在学科名词前。
Do you like physics?
(5)在疾病名词前。
He died from cancer.
(6)在泛指的交通、通讯方式名词前。
by bus / bike / plane(air) / boat(ship) / train / mail / letter / telephone
(7)两个名词中间有and或介词隔开时。
husband and wife,day and night,shoulder to shoulder, from side to side, from morning till night
(8) 一日三餐名称前用零冠词。但具体指某
人所做时用the。
When will lunch be ready?
The lunch we are having was prepared by my father.
(9) 在专有名词开头的词组前。
Beijing Airport, Shanghai Railway Station
(10)球类运动、棋类运动名称前用零冠词。
play football/chess/bridge
(11)语言名称前用零冠词,但特指某民族的
语言时用定冠词the。
English is an international language.
The English language is an international language.
(12)在一些习惯用语中。
at home, in fact, in prison, go to school, in trouble, out of sight, take office, catch fire, learn by heart, in use
一些短语不用定冠词和用定冠词时的区别:
at / in school在求学at / in the school在学校at table在吃饭at the table(坐)在桌旁
take place发生take the place of 代替in front of在前面in the front of在……前部
by day在白天by the day按日计算
两个以上的名词并列时,定冠词是否重复意思不同。
I visited the poet and writer.
我拜访了这位诗人作家。(指同一个人)
I visited the poet and the writer.
我拜访了诗人和作家。(指不同的两个人)
------名词
名词应注意的几个方面:
名词可分为可数与不可数两类。可数名词有单复数之分,不可数名词无此划分。
可数名词由单数变为复数分规则和不规则变化两类。
(1)规则变化
a.直接在名词后加 -s 。
如:computer — computers。
b.以
-s, -x,
-ch,
-sh结尾的加 -es 。
如:bus — buses。
c. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,把y改为i再
加。
如:factory — factories。
d. 以“元音字母+y”结尾的,在词尾加-s。
如:boy — boys。
e. 以-f或-fe结尾的,变f或fe为v,再加-es。
如:thief—thieves。
也有的直接加-s。
如:chief—chiefs。
f. 以“o”结尾的名词,变复数时分两类:
表示“无生命的”加-s;表示“有生
命的”加-es。
如:zoo — zoos,
hero — heroes。
(2)不规则变化
有些名词变复数时是不规则变化,如:woman — women。由man,woman作定语的词,要把man , woman及中心名词均变为复数。如:men doctors,women teachers。但是boy friends,girl students要用单数作定语。
有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
papers 报纸;文件;试卷
manners 礼貌
waters 水域
looks 外表
times 时代
sands 沙滩;沙地
arms 武器
Customs 海关;习俗
有些名词作不可数名词用时表示抽象概念,与不定冠词连用或用作可数名词时表示个体事物。
beauty 美;美貌 — a beauty 一个美人或一件美物
failure 失败 — a failure 一件失败的事或一个失败的人
success 成功 — a success 一件成功的事或一个成功的人
honour 光荣 — an honour 带来荣誉的人或事
surprise 惊奇 — a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
pleasure 乐趣 — a pleasure 一件愉快的事
must 必须 — a must 一件必要的事或物
有些名词既是可数的,也是不可数的,但意思不同。
a room 一个房间 — room 空间
a glass 一个玻璃杯 — glass 玻璃
a chicken 一只小鸡 — chicken 鸡肉
a fish 一条鱼 — fish 鱼肉
a paper 一份论文/试卷 — paper 纸张
名词作定语一般有两种情况:
(1)名词原形直接作定语。
physics teacher
物理老师
power plant
发电厂
welcome party
欢迎会
heart trouble
心脏病
food industry
食品工业
shoe store
鞋店
(2)有的名词习惯于用复数作定语。
parents meeting
家长会
sales department
销售部
sports meet
运动会
goods train
货车 ()1. It's ______ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ______ pleasure.(2010·福建卷)
A. 不填; a
B. a; 不填
C. the; a
D. a; the
B
句意:欣赏给人愉悦之感的上海世博会真是一种很好的感受。第一空feeling是可数名词,用不定冠词a;第二空pleasure不可数,且不是特指,故不填。
() 2. In ______ most countries, a university degree can give you ______ flying start in life. (2010·四川卷)
A. the; a
B. the; /
C. /; /
D. /; a
第一空后名词countries为复数形式,表泛指,用零冠词;第二空后start用作可数名词,表泛指,用不定冠词a。
D
() 3. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good ______. (2010·江苏卷)
A. expectation
B. reputation
C. contribution
D. civilization
考查名词词义辨析。expectation 预料,期望,前程;reputation 名声,声望,名誉;contribution 贡献,捐献,稿件;civilization 文明。句意:这位医生治疗心脏病很拿手,但从不接受病人的任何礼物,所以他“名声”很好。
B
() 4. There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto ______ earth. (2010·辽宁卷)
A. the; the
B. /; the
C. the; /
D. a; the
句意:宇宙中有超过58000个岩石状物体,其中大约900个可能坠落到地球上。第一空space表示“宇宙,太空”含义时,不加冠词;第二空earth表示“地球”含义时,是独一无二的东西,需加定冠词the。
B
() 5. Everything comes with ______ price; there is no such ______ thing as a free lunch in the world. (2010·重庆卷)
A. a; a
B. the; /
C. the; a
D. a; /
第一空的price为可数名词,加a表示类别,后一空thing仍为可数名词,但有no such修饰,no相当于not any/a,所以不可再用冠词。
D书面表达:说明文的写作技巧
【要点概述】记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容,以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体。
写记叙文通常应遵循以下几点:
1.交代要素,即人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)。在写高考作文时,时间、地点、人物等要素一般在提示中或图片中会给出,有时也可能会出现有关要素不确定的情况。如果所给的时间不清楚,可用较为含糊的时间。
2.写人时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。时态的使用:介绍已故人物以过去时为主;介绍当今人物,叙述现在的情况以现在时为主,叙述过去的情况以过去时为主。叙事时,可按事件发生的先后顺序叙述,要写清事件发生与发展的过程以及事件发生的前因后果等。所记的都是过去发生的事,所以原则上通常都是用过去时态。
【体验高考】
(2009·北京卷)假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华,为响应绿化祖国的号召, 你班四月十二日去郊区植树。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序, 介绍植树活动的全过程, 给某英文杂志的“绿色行动”专栏写一篇以 “Green Action in Our Class” 为题的英文稿件。
注意: 词数不少于60。
提示词: 郊区 suburbs
One possible version:
Green Action in Our Class
April 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way. Upon arrival, we began to work immediately. Some were digging holes. Some were carrying and planting young trees. Others were watering them. After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees. Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action. Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. We feel it's our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
【强化演练】
下面的表格提供了一次交通事故的情况,请以A Traffic Accident为标题写一篇报道。
时间 上星期天上午9:30
地点 新华路第二个十字路口
发生的事 一位老太太被一位年轻人骑车撞倒,受伤严重
事故原因 年轻人闯红灯
结果 有人打电话给急救中心,不久救护车赶到把老太太送去医院
事故给你的启发 ……
注意:
1. 词数:100左右。
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3. 参考词汇:救护车ambulance;急救中心 First Aid Centre
One possible version:
A Traffic Accident
Last Sunday, an unexpected traffic accident happened to an old lady. It was 9:30 a.m. An old lady was knocked down by a young man when she was walking across the street on the second crossing of Xinhua Street.
The lady was badly hurt and unconscious. The police was called and the lady was sent to hospital by an ambulance. After inquiry, the police proved that it was the young man's fault because he didn't stop his bike when the traffic lights were red.
From the accident, I realize that the traffic safety is worthy of enough attention. We can't be too careful when using the roads.
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