2017届高中英语一轮复习精品学案：【外研版】必修5 Module1—6

　　British and American English

　　必修 5

　　重点句型

　　1. It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.

　　老师是讲英国英语还是美国英语是没有多大区别的。

　　2. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it’s a torch.

　　美国人把手电筒称作flashlight,而英国人则叫torch。

　　3. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences.

　　当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲那句名言——英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族时,他显然想到了它们的区别。

　　4. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so that some people now believe that British English will disappear.

　　但是这也导致了许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语,以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。

　　1. It doesn’t make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English.

　　老师是讲英国英语还是美国英语是没有多大区别的。

　　本句为主从复合句；it 为形式主语,whether 引导的从句为真正的主语。

　　It doesn’t matter whether you will go or not.

　　你去不去都没关系。

　　whether

　　作“是否”讲时,引导名词性从句。

　　The problem is whether it is still useful.

　　问题是这是否仍然有用。

　　whether, if

　　二者引导宾语从句时可互换。

　　whether 可引导表语从句及同位语从句,if不能。

　　whether 引导的主语从句可位于句首或句尾,if 引导的主语从句只能位于句尾。

　　whether 可与动词不定式连用,if则不能。

　　She stood in the doorway, unable to decide whether to go in.

　　她站在门口,拿不定主意是否进去。

　　2. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, it’s a torch.

　　美国人把手电筒称作flashlight,而英国人则叫它torch。

　　句中while是并列连词,连接并列句,意为“然而,而”,此处表示对比,并含有轻微的转折意味。

　　句型探究

　　在……过程中,在……期间 (=when)

　　while

　　虽然,尽管 (=though)

　　只要 (=as long as)

　　Someone came to see you while you were out.

　　你出去时,有人来找过你。

　　There will be life while there is water and air.

　　只要有水和空气,就会有生命。

　　While he was right, few people would follow him.

　　虽然他是正确的,但是没有几个人愿意听他的。

　　注意：while 引导让步状语从句必须置于该从句的句首。

　　3. The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation.

　　这两种英语另外两个领域的区别是拼写和

　　发音。

　　本句为主从复合句,in which 引导定语从句,

　　修饰areas。

　　句型探究

　　介词+关系代词引导定语从句的选择：

　　根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯：

　　on which I spent 50 yuan.

　　for which I paid 50 yuan.

　　from which I learnt a lot.

　　about which he often talks.

　　This is the dictionary

　　根据先行词的搭配习惯：

　　the day on which I joined the

　　league.

　　the days during which I lived

　　there.

　　the month in which I stayed

　　there.

　　I remember

　　介词可后移,此时关系词可省略：

　　to whom we’ll write.

　　we’ll write to.

　　The person

　　4. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language,he was obviously thinking about the differences.

　　当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳讲那句名言——英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族时，他显然想到了它们的区别。

　　本句为主从复合句,when 引导了时间状语从句,在此从句中又含有that引导的同位语从句。

　　句型探究

　　同位语从句一般跟在某些名词(如：fact, idea, news, promise, information, message等)的后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的连接代词that,连接副词how, when, where等。

　　I have no idea when he will be back.

　　我不知道他何时回来。

　　A Job Worth Doing

　　必修 5

　　1

　　1. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world.

　　尤其是从拉巴斯通向北边的一条路被认为是世界上最危险的路。

　　重点句型

　　2. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.

　　当他开着一辆装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道时,他连人带车翻下了300米深的山崖。

　　重点句型

　　3. For people doing this job, common sense, physical fitness and an outgoing personality are likely to be more important than computer skills.

　　对从事这个工作的人来说,常识、健康的身体和外向的性格很可能比计算机技能更重要。

　　重点句型

　　1. He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.

　　当他开着一辆装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道时,他连人带车翻下了300米深的山崖。

　　本句为主从复合句,when为并列连词,意思是“就在那时,突然……”，when这种用法常用于如下结构：

　　句型探究

　　sb. was / were doing sth. when… 某人正做某事时突然

　　sb. was / were about to do sth. when 某人正要做某事时突然

　　sb. was / were on the point of doing sth. when… 某人正要做某事时突然

　　sb. had (just) done sth. when 某人刚做完某事突然

　　I was about to go to bed when there was a knock on the door.

　　我正要上床睡觉时,突然有人敲门。

　　句型探究

　　2. As more and more countries open up to tourism,more travel agents will be needed,but the real demand will be for guides to take groups and even individuals on adventure holidays.

　　随着越来越多国家开发旅游业,就需要越来越多旅游代理处,但真正需求量大的却是带领团队或个人去进行冒险度假的导游。

　　① open up 开发;开辟;打开;畅谈

　　They opened the country up the trade.

　　他们使这个国家在贸易上对外开放。

　　句型探究

　　② as用法讨论：

　　conj. 当,正当,随着…… ; 因为,尽管;按照

　　She dropped the cup as she stood up.

　　当她站起来时把杯子弄掉了。

　　Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident.

　　这次事故虽然看起来令人不可思议,却没有人受伤。

　　I’ll do as you advise.

　　我会照你的建议去做。

　　句型探究

　　adv. 相同,同样,就……而言

　　Peter runs fast,but I run just as fast.

　　彼得跑得快,我跑得也很快。

　　pron.依照……,如……,像……一样

　　He is a teacher, as is clear from his manner.

　　他是一位教师,从他的举止可以明显看出来。

　　prep. 像,作为

　　He got a job as a driver.

　　他找到了一份当司机的工作。

　　句型探究

　　as的常用短语

　　as…as… 与……一样(用于肯定句)

　　not as / so…as 与……不一样(用于否定句)

　　as if / though 好像,似乎(从句用虚拟语气)

　　as soon as 一……就……

　　as long as 只要

　　so…as to 如此……以至于……

　　so as to 以便

　　as far 至于……,就……而言

　　such as 例如

　　use…as 把……用作

　　Adventure in Literature and the Cinema

　　必修 5

　　1

　　1. Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of the river.

　　突然间,借着闪电的光亮我们看到河中间有东西。

　　2. It was quite dark,but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope.

　　四周都很黑,但我能看见一个人被绳子捆着躺在地板上。

　　重点句型

　　3. “He sounds as if he’s going to die of fright!”

　　“听起来他就要被吓死了！”

　　4. As they make their way down the river, they have a number of exciting adventures.

　　随着他们顺河而下,他们经历了许多刺激的冒险。

　　重点句型

　　5. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.

　　他身无分文地来到新奥尔良,结果发现没有去南美洲的船。

　　重点句型

　　6. Forced to change his plans, he worked for several years as a pilot on a steamboat…

　　迫不得已他只好改变了计划，在一艘汽船上当了好几年领航员……

　　重点句型

　　1. “He sounds as if he’s going to die of fright!”

　　“听起来他就要被吓死了！”

　　sound为连系动词,意为“听起来”,后接表语。其本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成复合谓语。常见的连系动词有：be, look, seem, feel, keep, smell, taste, go等。

　　He seems to be quite happy.

　　他看起来似乎十分快乐。

　　句型探究

　　look, sound等连系动词后常接as if / as though 引导的表语从句表推测,从句中有时用虚拟语气,意为“看起来/听起来好像……”

　　He looks as if he were ill.

　　他看起来像是病了。

　　He rushed out of the house as if angry.

　　他冲出房间,好像很生气的样子。

　　2. As they make their way down the river,they have a number of exciting adventures.

　　随着他们顺河而下,他们经历了许多刺激的冒险。

　　make one’s way (to) 向……前进;前往

　　They made their way to the forest.

　　他们前往森林。

　　句型探究

　　make way for 让……通过;给……让路

　　find one’s way (to…)找到(去……)的路

　　feel one’s way 摸索着前进

　　fight one’s way 奋勇前进

　　force / push one’s way 挤(出)路前进

　　Many houses were pulled down to make way for a square.

　　许多房屋被拆毁,腾出地方建一个广场。

　　3. He arrived in New Orleans without a penny in his pocket only to find that there were no boats for South America.

　　他身无分文地来到新奥尔良,结果发现没有去南美洲的船。

　　该句中only to find that…是不定式作结果状语, only和不定式搭配作结果状语多指意料之外的结果。

　　He lifted a stone only to drop it onto his own feet.

　　他搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。

　　句型探究

　　现在分词也可以作结果状语,但它表示的是由前边的动作自然而然地导致后边的结果。

　　A big earthquake hit Wenchuan on May 12,2008 causing many deaths.

　　2008年5月12日汶川发生了大地震,造成了许多伤亡。

　　Carnival

　　必修 5

　　1

　　1. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.

　　面具的使用受到法律的限制，最早可追溯到14世纪。

　　2. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years.

　　如果他们违犯法律,就要被判处长达两年的监禁。

　　3. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.

　　如果面具摘掉了,魔力也就消失了。

　　重点句型

　　1. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century.

　　面具的使用受到法律的限制,这最早可追溯到14世纪。

　　(1)该句中the first of which…是一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词laws。

　　(2)date back to 相当于date from,意为“追溯到,始于”;常用于一般现在时,无被动语态。

　　Their friendship dates back to their childhood.

　　他们的友谊始于儿童时代。

　　句型探究

　　2. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years.

　　如果他们违犯法律,就要被判处长达两年的监禁。

　　(1) put sb. into prison (prison前无冠词)

　　=send sb. to prison 把某人送进监狱

　　be in prison

　　坐牢

　　句型探究

　　(2) up to

　　①达到(数量,程度);至多有

　　I can take up to four people in my car.

　　我的汽车最多能坐4个人。

　　②直到

　　Up to now, he

　　直到目前，他一直很安静。

　　The Great Sports Personality

　　必修 5

　　1

　　1. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.

　　但即使是已经赢得了自己在运动项目上所能赢得的一切,李宁还是带着一种失败感退了役。

　　2. But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life.

　　但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。

　　重点句型

　　2

　　3. A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product.

　　比如,一双耐克运动鞋的价格可能是一双李宁鞋同类产品价格的5倍之多。

　　4. If you go into a school or university everywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.

　　如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园,你很有可能看到身穿印有熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生。

　　重点句型

　　5. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Nings advertising slogan says.

　　正如李宁广告标语所言,如果你是一位杰出的运动员“一切皆有可能”。

　　重点句型

　　1. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.

　　但即使是已经赢得了自己在运动项目上所能赢得的一切,李宁还是带着一种失败感退了役。

　　句型探究

　　(1) even though 意为“即使”,同even if,在句中引导让步状语从句,引导让步状语从句的连词或词组还有although,though, while, whether…or (not)…, whoever, no matter+疑问词等。

　　(2) that 引导的是同位语从句,作feeling的同位语。that在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何成分,并且不可省略。

　　The news was exciting that our team won the match.

　　我们队赢得比赛的消息令人兴奋。

　　句型探究

　　2. He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas.

　　他决定推出一款新品牌的运动服,和像耐克、阿迪达斯这样的全球大公司竞争。

　　句型探究

　　compete with / against

　　和……竞争

　　Our basketball team will compete with the team from No.1 high school this afternoon.

　　今天下午我们篮球队将与来自一中的篮球队比赛。

　　句型探究

　　competition

　　n. 比赛,竞赛

　　competitive

　　adj. 竞争的,比赛的

　　compete in… 在某一方面竞争

　　compete for 为……而竞争

　　in competition with 和……竞争

　　3. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.

　　如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园,都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁牌运动服的学生。

　　句型探究

　　(1) The chances / Chances are (that)…

　　为固定句型,表示可能性,意为“可能……”。

　　相当于There is a chance that… / There is possibility that… / It is likely that…

　　句型探究

　　there is no chance that… ……

　　不可能

　　chance of doing sth. / chance to do sth.

　　做某事的可能性/做某事的机会

　　by chance

　　偶然,碰巧

　　take a chance

　　冒险,碰运气

　　Animals in Danger

　　必修 5

　　1

　　1. Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them.

　　偷猎者虽然感到惊慌,但他们占有优势——他们人多。

　　2. Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much.

　　那些偷猎者常常是夜里出动,一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊,只留下那些毛不那么值钱的幼崽。

　　重点句型

　　3. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.

　　在接下来的10年里,大约有3,000名偷猎者被抓获并有300辆汽车被没收。

　　4. The WWF believes that our world has a future only if people learn to conserve nature and not waste energy.

　　世界自然基金保护组织相信,只有人们学会保护自然,不浪费能源,我们的世界才有未来。

　　重点句型

　　1. Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage — there were more of them.

　　偷猎者们虽然感到惊慌,但他们占有优势——他们人多。

　　该句中Although 后省略了they were,在时间、条件、让步状语从句中,若从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be 动词,这时可以把从句的主语和be动词省略。

　　句型探究

　　When (he was) walking in the street, he met his English teacher.

　　当在街上散步时, 他遇到了他的英语老

　　师。

　　另外,在状语从句中,若从句的主语是it, it又没有实际意义,而且从句中又含有be动词, 这种情况下,也可省略从句的主语it和be动词。

　　If (it is ) possible, I will go to Shanghai with you.

　　如果可能的话,我和你一起去上海。

　　2. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated.

　　在接下来的十年中,大约有3000名偷猎者被抓获和300辆汽车被没收。

　　句中and连接的是两个并列句，第二个分句省略了助动词were。在并列句中,如果后面分句中有和前面分句相同的成分,就可以省掉,以免重复。

　　Some of us were clearing the windows and others (were) sweeping the floor.

　　我们中的一些人正在擦窗子,其他人打扫地板。