五年高考（2011-2015）英语试题分项精解：专题15 阅读理解之文化教育记类（原卷版）

　　精品5年高考分类精编之专题25 阅读理解之文化教育记类

　　2015文化教育类

　　【2015·湖北卷】E

　　Science has a lot of uses. It can uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up. Indeed science is so good at what it does that there’s always a temptation(诱惑) to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful. David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character,and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.

　　Brooks gained fame for several books. His latest book The Social Animal, however, is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books. It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics. The book focuses on big questions: What has science revealed about human nature? What are the sources of character? And why are some people happy and successful while others aren’t?

　　To answer these questions, Brooks surveys a wide range of disciplines（学科）. Considering this, you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts. But Brooks has structured his book in an unorthodox(非常规的), and perhaps unfortunate, way. Instead of introducing scientific theories, he tells a story, within which he tries to make his points, perhaps in order to keep the reader’s attention.So as Harold and Erica, the hero and heroine in his story, live through childhood, we hear about the science of child development and as they begin to date we hear about the theory of sexual attraction. Brooks carries this through to the death of one of his characters.

　　On the whole,Brooks’s story is acceptable if uninspired. As one would expect, his writing is mostly clear and, to be fair, some chapters stand out above the rest. I enjoyed, for instance, the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own. While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters, the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere. These problems partly involve Brooks’s attempt to translate his tale into science.

　　67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to__________.

　　A. illustrate where science can be applied

　　B. demonstrate the value of Brooks’s new book

　　C. remind the reader of the importance of science

　　D. explain why many writers use science in their works

　　68.According to the author, which of the following could be a strength of the book?

　　A. Its strong basis.

　　B. Its convincing points.

　　C. Its clear writing.

　　D. Its memorable characters.

　　69.What is the author’s general attitude towards the book?

　　A. Contradictory.

　　B. Supportive.

　　C . Cautious.

　　D. Critical.

　　70.What is the author likely to write about after the last paragraph?

　　A. Problems with the book.

　　B. Brooks’s life experience.

　　C. Death of the characters.

　　D. Brooks’s translation skills.

　　【2015·北京卷】D

　　Technological change is everywhere and affects every aspect of life, mostly for the better. However, social changes are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.

　　An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college. Surveys (调查) on this topic suggests that parents today continue to be “very” or “somewhat” overly-protective even after their children move into college dormitories. The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago. This is usually interpreted as a sign that today’s parents are trying to manage their children’s lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.

　　However, greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their “adult” children.

　　In the context (背景) of this discussion, it seems valuable to first find out the cause of change in the case of parents’ involvement with their grown children. If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their college-age children frequently, would this have been possible? Probably not. On the other hand, does the possibility of frequent communication today mean that the urge to do so wasn’t present a generation ago? Many studies show that older parents - today’s grandparents - would have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.

　　Furthermore, studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication between parents and their college children. The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new; nor are requests for more money to be sent from home. This phenomenon is neither good nor bad; it is a fact of college life, today and in the past.

　　Thanks to the advanced technology, we live in an age of bettered communication. This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college. But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by parents to keep their children under their wings.

　　67. The surveys inform us of ______.

　　A. the development of technology

　　B. the changes of adult children’s behavior

　　C. the parents’ over-protection of their college children

　　D. the means and expenses of students’ communication

　　68. The writer believes that ______.

　　A. parents today are more protective than those in the past

　　B. the disadvantages of new technology outweigh its advantages

　　C. technology explains greater parental involvement with their children

　　D. parents’ changed attitudes lead to college children’s delayed independence

　　69. What is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Technology or Attitude

　　B. Dependence or Independence

　　C. Family Influence or Social Changes

　　D. College Management or Communication Advancement

　　70. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?

　　【2015·广东】B

　　When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does?

　　As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun huts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them..

　　When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.

　　31.

　　Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?

　　A. He could not catch a fish.

　　B. His father was not patient with him.

　　C. His father did not teach him fishing.

　　D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.

　　32. What did the author’s father really mean?

　　A. To read about fish.

　　B. To learn fishing by oneself.

　　C. To understand what fish think.

　　D. To study fishing in many ways.

　　33. According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.

　　A. in deep water on sunny days

　　B. in deep water on cloudy days

　　C. in shallow water under sunlight

　　D. in shallow water under waterside trees.

　　34.

　　After entering the business world, the author found _________.

　　A. it easy to think like a customer

　　B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring

　　C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable

　　D. it difficult to sell services to poor people

　　35.

　　This passage most likely comes from _________.

　　A. a fishing guide

　　B. a popular sales book

　　C. a novel on childhood

　　D. a millionaire’s biography

　　【2015·陕西】D

　　Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.

　　The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.

　　Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."

　　Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

　　Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."

　　58.

　　The underlined expression "parental involvement " in Paragraph 1 probably means

　　.

　　A. parents' expectation on children's health

　　B. parents' participation in children's education

　　C. parents' control over children's life

　　D. parents' plan for children's future

　　59. What is the major finding of Robinson's study ?

　　A. Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.

　　B. Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging.

　　C. Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected.

　　D. Parents are not able to help with children’s homework.

　　60.

　　The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should

　　.

　　A. help children realize the importance of schooling

　　B. set a specific life goal for their children

　　C. spend more time improving their own lives

　　D. take a more active part in school management

　　【2015·浙江】B

　　Graph can be a very useful tool for conveying information especially numbers， percentages, and other data . A graph gives the reader a picture to interpret. That can be a lot more pages and pages and pages explaining the data .

　　Graphs can seem frightening, but reading a graph is a lot like reading a story. The graph has a title ,a main idea ,and supporting details .You can use your active reading skills to analyze and understand graphs just like any other text .

　　Most graphs have a few basic parts: a caption or introduction paragraph, a title , a legend or key, and labeled axes. An active reader looks at each part of the graph before trying to interpret the data. Captions will usually tell you where the data came from (for example, a scientific study of 400 African elephants from 1980 to 2005). Captions usually summarize the author's main point as well. The title is very important. It tells you the main idea of the graph by stating what kind of information is being shown. A legend, also called a key ,is a guide to the symbols and colors used in the graph. Many graphs, including bar graphs and line graphs, have two axes that form a corner, Usually these axes are the left side and the bottom of the graph .Each axis will always have a label. The label tells you what each axis measures.

　　Bar Graphs

　　A bar graph has two axes and uses bars to show

　　amounts. In Graph 1 ,we see that the x-axis shows grades

　　that students earned, and the y-axis shows bow many

　　students earned each grade .You can see that 6 students

　　earned an A because the bar for A stretches up to 6 on the

　　vertical measurement. There is a lot of information we can

　　get from a simple graph like this(See Graph 1).

　　Line Graphs

　　A line graph looks similar to a bar graph ,but instead of

　　Bars, it plots points and connects them with a line .It has the same parts as a bar graph – two labeled axes –and can be read the same way .To read a line graph, it’s important to focus on the points of intersection rather than the line

　　segments between the points, This type of graph is most

　　commonly used to show how something changes over time.

　　Here is a graph that charts how far a bird flies during the first Five days of its spring migration (See Graph 2).

　　The unit of measurement for the x-axis is days. The unit of measurement for the y-axis is kilometers. Thus we can see that ,on the first day, the pipit flew 20 kilometers. The line segment goes up between Day 1 and Day 2,which means that the bird flew farther on Day 2.If the line segment angled dawn, as between Day 4 and Day 5,it would mean that the bird flew fewer

　　kilometers than the day before. This line graph is a quick, visual way to tell the reader about the bird’s migration.

　　Pie Graphs

　　A typical pie graph looks like a circular pie. The circle is divided into sections, and each section represents a fraction of the data. The graph is commonly used to show percentages; the whole pie represents l00 percent, so each piece is a fraction of the whole.

　　A pie graph might include a legend，or it might use icons or labels within each slice. This pie graph shows on month’s expense, (See Graph 3 ).

　　Food $ 25

　　Movies $ 12

　　Clothing $ 36

　　Savings $ 20

　　Books $ 7

　　46.

　　When used in a graph，a legend is_____

　　A. a guide to the symbols and colors

　　B. an introduction paragraph

　　C. the main idea

　　D. the data

　　47. What is the total number of students who earned a C or better ?

　　A .4.

　　B.6.

　　C.10.

　　D.20 .

　　48.

　　The bird covered the longest distance on _____

　　A. Day 1

　　B. Day 2

　　C. Day 3

　　D. Day 4

　　49. Which of the following cost Amy most ?

　　A. Food.

　　B. Books

　　C. Movies

　　D. Clothing.

　　【2015·上海】C

　　One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”

　　During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.

　　The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.

　　Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.

　　Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the

　　after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?

　　73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?

　　A. Cruel.

　　B. Superior.

　　C. Honorable.

　　D. Bade

　　74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.

　　A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better

　　B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays

　　C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops

　　D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.

　　75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?

　　A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.

　　B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.

　　C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.

　　D. To warn executives against power misuse.

　　76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

　　A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.

　　B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.

　　C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.

　　D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

　　77. The best title for the passage is _____.

　　A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture

　　B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success

　　C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation

　　D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results

　　2017文化教育类

　　文化教育类

　　2017·福建卷]

　　D

　　Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money. Strange as it may seem, if you're unsatisfied, the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desires—not that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you don't have enough tastes.

　　Real riches consist of well­developed and hearty capacities(能力)

　　to enjoy life.

　　Most people are already swamped(淹没) with things. They eat, wear, go and talk too much. They_live_in_too_big_a_house_with_too_many_rooms,_yet_their_house_of_life_is_a_hut.

　　Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅), a royal palace.

　　Every new taste, every additional interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.

　　Here are several rooms your house of life should have.

　　Art should be a desire for you to develop simply because the world is full of beautiful things. If you only understood how to enjoy them and feed your spirit on them, they would make you as happy as to find plenty of ham and eggs when you're hungry.

　　Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished room where you might find many an hour of rest and refreshment. To gain that love would go towards making you a rich person, for a rich person is not someone who has a library but who likes a library.

　　Music like Mozart's and Bach's shouldn't be absent. Real riches are of the spirit. And when you've brought that spirit up to where classical music feeds it and makes you a little drunk, you have increased your thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter of thrills.

　　Sports, without which you remain poor, mean a lot in life. No matter who you are, you would be more human, and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days, if you could, and did, play a bit.

　　Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life, the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.

　　68．The author intends to tell us that________．

　　A．true happiness lies in achieving wealth by fair means

　　B．big houses are people's most valued possessions

　　C．big houses can in a sense bring richness of life

　　D．true happiness comes from spiritual riches

　　69．The underlined sentence in the second paragraph probably implies that________．

　　A．however materially rich, they never seem to be satisfied

　　B．however materially rich, they remain spiritually poor

　　C．though their house is big, they prefer a simple life

　　D．though their house is big, it seems to be a cage

　　70．It can be learned from the passage that ________．

　　A．more money brings more happiness

　　B．art is needed to make your house beautiful

　　C．literature can enrich your spiritual life

　　D．sports contribute mainly to your physical fitness

　　71．What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．House of life

　　B．Secret of wealth

　　C．Rest and refreshment

　　D．Interest and enthusiasm

　　2017·江西卷]

　　D

　　Everyone looks forward to progress, whether in one's personal life or in the general society. Progress indicates a person's ability to change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things. All these, however, remain true only in so far as people want to accept technology and move forwards

　　by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things.

　　However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”， efficiency_comes_with_a_price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the person's presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off.

　　With efficiency also comes mass production.Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today.Factories and have improved efficiency. Unskilful tasks are left to machines and products are better made and produced with greater accuracy than any human hand could ever have done. However, with the improvements in efficiency also comes the loss of the personal touch when making these products. For example, many handicrafts(手工艺品) are now produced in a factory. Although this means that supply is better able to increase demand, now that the supply is quick and efficient, the demand might fall because mass production lowers the quality of the handicraft and it is difficult to find unique designs on each item.

　　Nevertheless, we must not commit the mistake of analysing progress only from one point of view. In fact, progress has allowed tradition to keep up. It is only with progress and the invention of new technology that many old products can be brought back to their old state. New technology is required for old products to stay old.

　　It is people's attitude towards progress that causes the type of influence that technology has on society. Technology is flexible. There is no fixed way of making use of it. Everything depends on people's attitude. The worst effects of progress will fall on those who are unable to rethink their attitudes and views of society. When we accept progress and adapt it to suit our needs, a new “past” is created.

　　70. According to Paragraph 1, progress can benefit people when they are willing to ________．

　　A. live a better life

　　B. look for better methods

　　C. change ways of living

　　D. accept technology and advance steadily

　　71. The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to “________”．

　　A. tools

　　B. messages

　　C. barriers

　　D. skills

　　72. The author explains “efficiency comes with a price” by ________.

　　A. describing a process

　　B. using examples

　　C. following time order

　　D. making classification

　　73. Compared with home­made handicrafts, machine­made products ________．

　　A. lack great accuracy

　　B. lack the personal touch

　　C. are of high value

　　D. are quite welcome

　　74. What can be learned about technology from Paragraph 4?

　　A. It can destroy old traditions.

　　B. It can lead to social progress.

　　C. It can be used to correct mistakes.

　　D. It can be used to preserve old products.

　　75. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

　　A. Progress can suit the needs of daily life.

　　B. People review the past with great regret.

　　C. Technology should be introduced in a fixed way.

　　D. People's attitude decides the use of technology.

　　2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]

　　D

　　As more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6，000～7，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)．

　　In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

　　Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Centre, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and

　　oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that_tradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

　　Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

　　At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials—including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

　　Now, through the two organizations that he has founded —the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

　　32. Many scholars are making efforts to ________．

　　A. promote global languages

　　B. rescue disappearing languages

　　C. search for language communities

　　D. set up language research organizations

　　33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

　　A. Having full records of the languages.

　　B. Writing books on language teaching.

　　C. Telling stories about language users.

　　D. Living with the native speakers.

　　34. What is Turin's book based on?

　　A. The cultural studies in India.

　　B. The documents available at Yale.

　　C. His language research in Bhutan.

　　D. His personal experience in Nepal.

　　35. Which of the following best describes Turin's work?

　　A. Write, sell and donate.

　　B. Record, repair and reward.

　　C. Collect, protect and reconnect.

　　D. Design, experiment and report.

　　2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ]

　　C

　　One of the latest trends(趋势) in American childcare is Chinese au pairs. Au Pair in Stamford, Conn, for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4，000 since 2004. And that's true all across the country.

　　“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age，” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2­year­old son. “I would at least like to

　　give him the chance to use the language in the future.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25­year­old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.

　　Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: she didn't want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触) the language and culture，” she says.

　　“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom，” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of children.“But parents must understand that just one year with an au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.

　　Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”

　　The popularity of au pairs from China has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children

　　to learn Chinese. It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.

　　29. What does the term “au pair” in the text mean?

　　A. A mother raising her children on her own.

　　B. A child learning a foreign language at home.

　　C. A professor in language education of children.

　　D. A young foreign women taking care of children.

　　30. Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ________．

　　A. to live in China some day

　　B. to speak the language at home

　　C. to catch up with other children

　　D. to learn about the Chinese culture

　　31. What can we infer from the text?

　　A. Learning Chinese is becoming popular in America.

　　B. Educated women do better in looking after children.

　　C. Chinese au pairs need to improve their English skills.

　　D. Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.

　　2017·山东卷]

　　E

　　The kids in this village wear dirty, ragged clothes. They sleep beside cows and sheep in huts made of sticks and mud. They have no school. Yet they all can chant the English alphabet, and some can make words.

　　The key to their success: 20 tablet computers(平板电脑) dropped off in their Ethiopian village in February by a US group called One Laptop Per Child.

　　The goal is to find out whether kids using today's new technology can teach themselves to read in places where no schools or teachers exist. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology researchers analysing the project data say they're already amazed. “What I think has already happened is that the kids have already learned more than they would have in one year of kindergarten，” said Matt Keller, who runs the Ethiopia programme.

　　The fastest learner—and the first to turn on one of the tablets—is 8­year­old Kelbesa Negusse. The device's camera was disabled to save memory, yet within weeks Kelbesa had figured out its workings and made the camera work. He called himself a lion, a marker of accomplishment in Ethiopia.

　　With his tablet, Kelbesa rearranged the letters HSROE into one of the many English animal names he knows. Then he spelled words on his own. “Seven months ago he didn't know any English. That's unbelievable，” said Keller.

　　The project aims to get kids to a stage called “deep reading”， where they can read to learn. It won't be in Amharic, Ethiopia's first language, but in English, which is widely seen as the ticket to higher paying jobs.

　　62．How does the Ethiopia programme benefit the kids in the village?

　　A．It trains teachers for them.

　　B．It contributes to their self­study.

　　C．It helps raise their living standards.

　　D．It provides funds for building schools.

　　63．What can we infer from Keller's words in Paragraph 3?

　　A．They need more time to analyse data.

　　B．More children are needed for the research.

　　C．He is confident about the future of the project.

　　D．The research should be carried out in kindergartens.

　　64．It amazed Keller that with the tablet Kelbesa could ________.

　　A．learn English words quickly

　　B．draw pictures of animals

　　C．write letters to researchers

　　D．make phone calls to his friends

　　65．What is the aim of the project?

　　A．To offer Ethiopians higher paying jobs.

　　B．To make Amharic widely used in the world.

　　C．To help Ethiopian kids read to learn in English.

　　D．To assist Ethiopians in learning their first language.

　　2017·陕西卷]

　　D

　　One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son's school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11­year­old had stomach pains, retching(干呕)into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficult sleeping the night before.

　　What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly­competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.

　　Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it's taking part, not winning, that's important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.

　　Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone's eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.

　　I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less­competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.

　　57. What can we learn about the author's son from Paragraph 1?

　　A. He talked with some mothers.

　　B. He comforted his classmates.

　　C. He had difficulty in sleeping.

　　D.

　　He suffered from stomachache.

　　58. Sports day is still an annul event in this school probably because ________．

　　A. this is an independent school

　　B. it is a tradition of the school

　　C. it helps children lose weight

　　D. children enjoy watching sports

　　59. What does the author think about team games?

　　A. They should include more stressful races.

　　B. They are acceptable to different children.

　　C. They should be abandoned at primary schools.

　　D. They are less fun for those who love running.

　　60. What is the author's attitude towards sports day?

　　A. Critical.

　　B. Neutral.

　　C. Positive.

　　D. Ambiguous.

　　2017·浙江卷]

　　A

　　Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)．There are lessons in that time­honoured coin­savings container.

　　Any huge task seems easier when reduced to baby steps.If you wished to climb a 12，000­foot mountain，and could do it a day at a time，you would only have to climb 33 feet daily to reach the top in a year.If you want to take a really nice trip in 10 years for a special occasion，to collect the $15，000 cost，you have to save $3.93 a day.If you drop that into a piggy bank and then once a year put $1，434 in a savings account at 1% interest rate after­tax，you will have your trip money.

　　When I was a child，my parents gave me a piggy bank to teach me that，if I wanted something，I should save money to buy it.We associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries，the little containers are also popular with adults.Europeans see a piggy bank as a sign of good fortune and wealth.Around the world，many believe a gift of a piggy bank on New Year's Day brings good luck and financial success.Ah，yes，but you have to put something in it.

　　Why is a pig used as a symbol of saving？Why not an elephant bank，which is bigger and holds more coins？In the Middle Ages，before modern banking and credit instruments，people saved money at home，a few coins at a time dropped into a jar or dish.Potters (制陶工) made these inexpensive containers from an orange­coloured clay(黏土) called “pygg”， and folks saved coins in pygg jars.The Middle English word for pig was “pigge”．While the Saxons pronounced pygg，referring to the clay，as “pug”，eventually the two words changed into the same pronunciation，sounding the “i” as in pig or piggy.As the word became less associated with the orange clay and more with the animal，a clever potter fashioned a pygg jar in the shape of a pig，delighting children and adults.The piggy bank was born.

　　Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of saving，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of money—college education，weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wisely.

　　41．What is the piggy bank strategy?

　　A．Paying 1% income tax at a time.

　　B．Setting a goal before making a travel plan.

　　C．Aiming high even when doing small things.

　　D．Putting aside a little money regularly for future use.

　　42．Why did the writer's parents give him a piggy bank as a gift?

　　A．To delight him with the latest fashion.

　　B．To encourage him to climb mountains.

　　C．To help him form the habit of saving.

　　D．To teach him English pronunciation.

　　43．What does the underlined word “something”(Paragraph 3) most probably refer to?

　　A．Money.

　　B．Gifts.

　　C．Financial success.

　　D．Good luck.

　　44．The piggy bank originally was ________.

　　A．a potter's instrument

　　B．a cheap clay container

　　C．an animal­shaped dish

　　D．a pig­like toy for children

　　45．The last paragraph talks about ________.

　　A．the seriousness of educating children

　　B．the enjoyment of taking a great trip

　　C．the importance of managing money

　　D．the difficulty of starting a business

　　2017文化教育类

　　2017·安徽卷]

　　C

　　When 19－year－old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make－A－Wish Foundation (基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about.But Sophia knew just how important Make－A－Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one of her best friends.We were interested in finding out more，so we went along to meet Sophia and listen to what she had to say.

　　Sophia told us that Make－A－Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.“It's a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make－A－Wish helps children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true，” Sophia explained.

　　We asked Sophia how Make－A－Wish had first started.She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris，who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman.Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true—so, with everybody's help, Chris, only seven years old at the time，had been a “policeman” for a day.“ When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too，and that was the beginning of Make－A－Wish，” explained Sophia.

　　Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make－A－Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.

　　64．Sophia found out about Make－A－Wish because her best friend had

　　________．

　　A．benefited from it

　　B．volunteered to help it

　　C．dreamed about it

　　D．told the author about it

　　65．According to Sophia,

　　Make－A－Wish

　　________．

　　A．is an international charity

　　B．was understood by nobody at first

　　C．raises money for very poor families

　　D．started by drawing the interest of the public

　　66．What is said about Chris in Paragraph 3?

　　A．He has been a policeman since he was seven.

　　B．He gave people the idea of starting Make－A－Wish.

　　C．He wanted people to help make his dream come true.

　　D．He was the first child Make－A－Wish helped after it had been set up.

　　67．Which of the following is true about Make－A－Wish volunteers?

　　A．They are important for making wishes come true.

　　B．They try to help children get over their illnesses.

　　C．They visit sick children to make them feel special.

　　D．They provide what is necessary to make Make－A－Wish popular.

　　2017·安徽卷] E

　　E

　　Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place.Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires，attracted many people.Farmers，as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs.These jobs didn't pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city.As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city，the dance known as the tango(探戈舞)came into being.

　　At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes.It was danced in the bars and streets.At that time there were many fewer women than men，so if a man didn't want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women.Gradually，the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable.

　　In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning. The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris.Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters. After tango dancers from Argentina arrived in Europe，they began to draw the interest of the public as they performed their exciting dance in cafes. Though not everyone approved of the new dance，saying it was a little too shocking，the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular.

　　The popularity(流行)of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world.Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America.It reached Japan in 1926，and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act as a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea.

　　72．The origin of the tango is associated with________．

　　A．belly dancers

　　B．American soldiers

　　C．a Spanish city

　　D．the capital of Argentina

　　73．Which of the following is true about the tango?

　　A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy.

　　B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most.

　　C．It was often danced by two males in the beginning.

　　D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador.

　　74．Before World War I，the tango spread to________．

　　A．America

　　B．Japan

　　C．France

　　D．South Korea

　　75．What can be the best title for the text?

　　A．How to Dance the Tango

　　B．The History of the Tango

　　C．How to Promote the Tango

　　D．The Modern Tango Boom

　　2017·福建卷]

　　D

　　Pride and Prejudice for the Modern Woman

　　Let us imagine how Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen's most

　　famous work, might be updated, 200 years on.

　　Austen's popularity is rooted in her intelligence. But today she would certainly have had a very different life, as would her characters. Here's my own suggestion…

　　It is a truth finally and universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have equal opportunities to men, however disadvantaged she may feel by sexism.

　　“My dear husband，” said his hopeful wife one day, “have you heard that the local store, standing empty for so long, is taken over by a bright young businesswoman？”

　　Her dull and indifferent (漠不关心的) husband replied that he had not.

　　“But it is, it is，” she replied excitedly.

　　Mr Dull－Husband made no reply.

　　“Don't you want to know her plans？” she cried with some impatience.

　　“Well, clearly you think it matters to your silly little head…so I'd better listen.”

　　“Well, my dear, the rumour (传言) is that she has already set up a string of successful businesses in northern England, though how_a_woman_can_know_anything_about_that_is_beyond_me. She will move in herself next month.”

　　“What is her name？”

　　“Bingley.”

　　“Is she married or single？”

　　“What a question! And none of your business. But her coming will be a fine thing for our five boys.”

　　“How so? How can it possibly affect them？”

　　“My dear love: those lazy boys need something to wake them up. There are bound to be jobs going.”

　　“Is that her point in settling here? Surely as a woman she has simply taken a fancy to the place.”

　　“Nonsense, my love, how little you've noticed the world has changed. She's got a first－rate degree and some sort of business qualification, I'm told. She surely needs one of our boys! Perhaps you might give her a call.”

　　“Me? No. Perhaps you can take an interest. You still have your looks, after all. She may even offer you a job.”

　　“Oh, that's not likely. These new chances belong to the younger generation. But now you mention it, I think I'll go along all the same.”

　　And Mrs Bennet went along. That was 10 years ago. She is now managing director of a FTSE－listed company.

　　…It would remain the case, of course, that Mrs Bennet would be one of very few women on the company board, that her salary would be lower than her male colleagues, her bonus of a more “female” dimension and her lifespan (年限) among the city's business leaders shorter than theirs. Still, she'd no doubt have enjoyed Davos—and might even have hobnobbed (攀谈) with influential figures.

　　67．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Austen was born 200 years ago.

　　B．Austen rewrote Pride and Prejudice.

　　C．Austen's success lies in her wisdom.

　　D．Austen's updated work gains popularity.

　　68．The underlined part in the passage suggests that Mrs Bennet ________．

　　A．had mixed feelings of admiration and surprise about Bingley

　　B．felt kind of worried and doubtful about Bingley

　　C．was extremely anxious to meet Bingley

　　D．had a great curiosity about Bingley

　　69．In the eyes of Mrs Bennet, Bingley surely needed one of their boys to ________．

　　A. get married to

　　B. work for her

　　C. help her move in

　　D. take over her store

　　70．What does the writer intend to tell us?

　　A．Women with brains can also be as successful as men.

　　B．Women have to pay a high price for success.

　　C．A judgment must be made free from prejudice.

　　D．Sex discrimination still exists nowadays.

　　2017·广东卷]

　　C

　　One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help？”

　　I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.

　　The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.

　　Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?

　　“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with，” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.

　　“It's

　　your turn，” he said.

　　After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times. about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.

　　Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.

　　36．When he first met the author, David ________．

　　A. felt a little excited

　　B. walked energetically

　　C. looked a little nervous

　　D. showed up with his teacher

　　37．As a psychologist, the author

　　________．

　　A. was ready to listen to David

　　B. was skeptical about psychology

　　C. was able to describe David's problem

　　D. was sure of handling David's problem

　　38．David enjoyed being with the author because he________．

　　A．wanted to ask the author for advice

　　B．needed to share sorrow with the author

　　C．liked the children's drawings in the office

　　D．beat the author many times in the chess game

　　39．What can be inferred about David?

　　A．He recovered after months of treatment.

　　B．He liked biking before he lost his family.

　　C．He went into university soon after starting to talk.

　　D．He got friends in school before he met the author.

　　40．What made David change?

　　A．His teacher's help.

　　B．The author's friendship.

　　C．His exchange of letters with the author.

　　D．The author's silent communication with him.

　　2017·广东卷]D

　　D

　　While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

　　Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked—remotely—to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

　　In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid—that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

　　Although online classes have existed for more than a decade ，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

　　Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high－tech methods are becoming increasingly popular. Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information，such as the telephone number they once used.

　　Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.

　　41．Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

　　A．To correct her typing mistakes.

　　B．To find her secrets in the room.

　　C．To prevent her from slowing down.

　　D．To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

　　42．The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________．

　　A．advanced technique

　　B．sharpening tool

　　C．effective rule

　　D．dividing line

　　43．For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if ________．

　　A．they can attract potential students

　　B．they can defeat academic cheating

　　C．they offer students online help

　　D．they offer many online courses

　　44．Some programs can find out possible cheaters by ________．

　　A．checking the question answering speed

　　B．producing a large number of questions

　　C．scanning the Internet test questions

　　D．giving difficult test questions

　　45．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

　　A．The Advantages of Online Exams

　　B．The High－tech Methods in Online Courses

　　C．The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

　　D．The War against the Booming of Online Education

　　2017·江苏]

　　D

　　Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the Americanl novel.And he surely deserves additional praise：the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

　　I say clever because anti－slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War.H.B.Stowe's Unicle Tom's Cabin is only the most famous example.These early stories dealt directly with slavery.With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely.He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

　　Again and again，in the postwar years，Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race.Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain's novels.Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn.Twain's most widely read tale.Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struck them as rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “flash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟)．”More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim，the escaped slave，and many occurences of the word nigger.(The term Nigger Jim，for which the novel is often severely criticized，never appears in it.)

　　But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point.The novel is strongly anti－slavery.Jim's search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic.As J．Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual：Jim.the father and the man.”

　　“There is much more.Twain's mystery novel Pudd'nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day.Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior(低等的)to whites，especially in intelligence，Twain's tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth.A slave gave birth to her master's baby and，for fear that the child should be sold South.switched him for the master's baby by his wife.The slave's light－skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave－holding class.The master's wife's baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

　　The point was difficult to miss：nurture(养育)，not nature，was the key to social status.The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech，for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

　　Twain's racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy，for example，by the lengthy passage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black－face—and his delight in getting his mother to lallgh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　Was Twain a racist？Asking the question in the 21st century is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln.If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the “wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present，we will find nothing but error.Lincoln，who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him.And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier，and inventor of Jim，may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

　　65．How do Twain's novels on slavery differ from Stowe's?

　　A．Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

　　B．Twain's attack on racism was much less open.

　　C．Twain's themes seemed to agree with plots.

　　D．Twain was openly concerned with racism.

　　66．Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its

　　________．

　　A．target readers at the bottom

　　B．anti－slavery attitude

　　C．rather impolite language

　　D．frequent use of “nigger”

　　67．What best proves Twain's anti－slavery stand according to the author?

　　A．Jim's search for his family was described in detail.

　　B．The slave's voice was first heard in American novels.

　　C．Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

　　D．Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

　　68．The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that

　　________．

　　A．slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

　　B．slaves' babies could pick up slave－holders' way of speaking

　　C．blacks' social position was shaped by how they were brought up

　　D．blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

　　69．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A．The attacks.

　　B．Slavery and prejudice.

　　C．White men.

　　D．The shows.

　　70．What does the author mainly argue for?

　　A．Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

　　B．Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

　　C．Twain's works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

　　D．Twain's works should be read from a historical point of view.

　　2017·辽宁卷] D

　　D

　　“Indeed，”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning－bug(萤火虫)．But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

　　The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

　　Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug－shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others' conversations.Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant“to cheat”， and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

　　We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties” that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product.In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

　　68．We learn from Paragraph 1 that

　　________．

　　A．Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug

　　B．George Washington was the first person to call an insect a bug

　　C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century

　　D．both Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the eighteenth century

　　69．What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph probably mean?

　　A．Explanation.

　　B．Finding.

　　C．Origin.

　　D．Fault.

　　70．The passage is mainly concerned with

　　________．

　　A．the misunderstanding of the word bug

　　B．the development of the word bug

　　C．the public views of the word bug

　　D．the special characteristics of the word bug

　　2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ] C

　　C

　　It happened to me recently.I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama's Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President.A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was，in his words，“a brilliantly(精彩地)written book”．However，he then went on to talk about Mr Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all.I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.

　　And it seems that my friend is not the only one.Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven't.In the World Book Day's “Report on Guilty Secrets”，Dreams From My Father is at number 9.The report lists ten books，and various authors，which people have lied about reading，and as I'm not one to lie too often (I'd hate to be caught out)，I'll admit here and now that I haven't read the entire top ten.But I am pleased to say that，unlike 42 percent of people，I have read the book at number one，George Orwell's 1984.I think it's really brilliant.

　　The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it.It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen，Charles Dickens，Fyodor Dostoevsky(I haven't read him，but haven't lied about it either )and Herman Melville.

　　Asked why they lied，the most common reason was to“impress”someone they were speaking to.This could be tricky if the conversation became more in－depth!

　　But when asked which authors they actually enjoy，people named J．K.Rowling，John Grisham，Sophie Kinsella(ah，the big sellers，in other words)．Forty－two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story(I'll come clean：I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so)．

　　64．How did the author find his friend a book liar?

　　A．By judging his manner of speaking.

　　B．By looking into his background.

　　C．By mentioning a famous name.

　　D．By discussing the book itself.

　　65．Which of the following is a “guilty secret” according to the World Book Day report?

　　A．Charles Dickens is very low on the top－ten list.

　　B．42% of people pretended to have read 1984.

　　C．The author admitted having read 9 books.

　　D．Dreams From My Father is hardly read.

　　66．By lying about reading，a person hopes to

　　________．

　　A．control the conversation

　　B．appear knowledgeable

　　C．learn about the book

　　D．make more friends

　　67．What is the author's attitude to 58% of readers?

　　A．Favorable.

　　B．Uncaring.

　　C．Doubtful.

　　D．Friendly.

　　2017·课标全国卷Ⅱ] B

　　B

　　In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

　　It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness, Richard Burton, Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras(交响乐团). It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400，000 people yearly.

　　At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.

　　Soon，groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge，Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little－known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

　　Today the “Fringe”，once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1，500 performances of theatre，music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959，with only 19 theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big.

　　A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1，695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets were sold.

　　40．What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

　　A. To bring Europe together again.

　　B. To honor heroes of World War Ⅱ.

　　C. To introduce young theatre groups.

　　D. To attract great artists from Europe.

　　41. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to

　　Edinburgh in 1947?

　　A. They owned a public house there.

　　B. They came to take up a challenge.

　　C. They thought they were also famous.

　　D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

　　42.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared?

　　A．Popular writers.

　　B. University students.

　　C．Artists from around the world.

　　D. Performers of music and dance.

　　43.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival ________．

　　A. has become a non－official event

　　B. has gone beyond an art festival

　　C. gives shows all year round

　　D. keeps growing rapidly

　　2017·江西卷] D

　　D

　　One might expect that the ever－growing demands of the tourist trade would bring nothing but good for the countries that receive the holiday－makers. Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long－term future of the holiday industry. Every month sees the building of a new hotel somewhere. And every month another rock－bound Pacific island is advertised as the ‘last paradise(天堂) on earth’.

　　However, the scale and speed of this growth seem set to destroy the very things tourists want to enjoy. In those countries where there was a rush to make quick money out of sea－side holidays, over－crowded beaches and the concrete jungles of endless hotels have begun to lose their appeal.

　　Those countries with little experience of tourism can suffer most. In recent years, Nepal set out to attract foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education. Its forests, full of wildlife and rare flowers, were offered to tourists as one more untouched paradise. In fact, the nature all too soon felt the effects of thousands of holiday－makers traveling through the forest land. Ancient tracks became major routes for the walkers, with the consequent exploitation of

　　precious trees and plants.

　　Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism. The people as well rapidly feel its effects. Farmland makes way for hotels, roads and airports; the old way of life goes. The one－time farmer is now the servant of some multi－national organization; he is no longer his own master. Once it was his back that bore the pain; now it is his smile that is exploited. No doubt he wonders whether he wasn't happier in his village working his own land.

　　Thankfully, the tourist industry is waking up to the responsibilities it has towards those countries that receive its customers. The protection of wildlife and the creation of national parks go hand in hand with tourist development and in fact obtain financial support from tourist companies. At the same time, tourists are being encouraged to respect not only the countryside they visit but also its people.

　　The way tourism is handled in the next ten years will decide its fate and that of the countries we all want to visit. Their needs and problems are more important than those of the tourist companies. Increased understanding in planning world－wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies. If not, in a few years' time the very things that attract tourists now may well have been destroyed.

　　71．What does the author indicate in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?

　　A. The Pacific island is a paradise.

　　B. The Pacific island is worth visiting.

　　C. The advertisement is not convincing.

　　D. The advertisement is not impressive.

　　72．The example of Nepal is used to suggest ________ .

　　A. its natural resources are untouched

　　B. its forests are exploited for farmland

　　C. it develops well in health and education

　　D. it suffers from the heavy flow of tourists

　　73．What can we learn about the farmers from Paragraph 4?

　　A. They are happy to work their own lands.

　　B. They have to please the tourists for a living.

　　C. They have to struggle for their independence.

　　D. They are proud of working in multi－national organizations.

　　74．Which of the following determines the future of tourism?

　　A. The number of tourists.

　　B. The improvement of services.

　　C. The promotion of new products.

　　D. The management of tourism.

　　75．The author's attitude towards the development of the tourist industry is ________．

　　A. optimistic

　　B. doubtful

　　C. objective

　　D. negative

　　2017·陕西卷]D

　　About 30 years ago,I left Cuba for the United States with my son.After getting settled finally in Brunswick,New Jersey,I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. Several weeks later,my son’s teacher asked me to meet him at his office.

　　In the teacher’s office, and exchange of greetings was followed by his questions: “Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)？Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability?”

　　Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? NO,no,it can’t be. What a helpless,lonely moment! I told him that Scola was a quiet,sweet little boy,instead.I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.

　　My son could not follow the teacher’s directions, he told me,and thus,Scola was disrupting the class,Did’t he know my son did not speak English yet?

　　He was angry; “Why hasn’t your son been taught to speak English? Don’t you speak English at home?”

　　No,I didn’t speak English at home,I replied. I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months,and I didn't want him to forget his native language.Well,wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all time? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society?”

　　Needless to say,I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people.” Then he told me the meeting was over,and I left.

　　As I had expected,my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over.He went on to graduate from college and got a job,earning close to six figures.He travels widely and leads a well-adjusted, contented life. And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)。

　　Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others;it teaches people about other cultures and other places—something very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” I met in New Jersey.

　　57.The teacher asked the author to his office__________.

　　A to discuss Scola’s in-class performance

　　B to get Scola enrolled in kindergarten

　　C to find a language partner for Scola

　　D to work out a study plan for Scola

　　58.What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

　　A Breaking

　　B Following

　　C Attending

　　D Disturbing

　　59.The author’s attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as__________.

　　A critical

　　B casual

　　C positive

　　D passive

　　60.This text is likely to be selected from a book of _________.

　　A medicine

　　B education

　　C geography

　　D history

　　2017文化教育类

　　2017·江苏卷]

　　D

　　Franz Kafka wrote that “a_book_must_be_the_ax_(斧子)_for_the_frozen_sea_inside_us. ” I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didn't seem to require any explanation.

　　We'd just finished John Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men. When we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did I. “Are you crying？” one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “I am，” I told her, “and the funny thing is I've read it many times. ”

　　But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen. In my 14 years of teaching in a New York City public middle school, I' ve taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods. They understand, more than I ever will, the novel's terrible logic—the giving way of dreams to fate (命运)．

　　For the last seven years, I have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight. I originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high school—one that often attracts the literary­minded children of Manhattan' s upper classes—into a less competitive setting. The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates. I thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned Ph. D．'s.

　　Along with Of Mice and Men, my groups read: Sounder, The Red Pony, Lord of the Flies, Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth. The students didn't always read from the expected point of view. About The Red Pony, one student said, “it's about being a man, it's about manliness.” I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth's soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. Once introduced to Steinbeck's writing, one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and they're all white.” His historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening. Year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.

　　Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests. We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity. Yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts. We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse. We may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.

　　66. The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________.

　　A. realize our dreams

　　B. give support to our life

　　C. smooth away difficulties

　　D. awake our emotions

　　67. Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men?

　　A. Because they spent much time reading it.

　　B. Because they had read the novel before.

　　C. Because they came from a public school.

　　D. Because they had similar life experiences.

　　68. The girl left the selective high school possibly because ________.

　　A. she was a literary­minded girl

　　B. her parents were immigrants

　　C. she couldn't fit in with her class

　　D. her father was then in prison

　　69. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________.

　　A. creatively

　　B. passively

　　C. repeatedly

　　D. carelessly

　　70. The author writes the passage mainly to ________.

　　A. introduce classic works of literature

　　B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart

　　C. argue for equality among high school students

　　D. defend the current testing system

　　2017·湖北卷]

　　C

　　It was a simple letter asking for a place to study at Scotland's oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education. A 140­year­old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at St Andrews University has been discovered by researchers. Written by Sophia Jex­Blake in 1873, the seven­page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on International Women's Day.

　　The document was discovered buried in the university archives (档案)by part­time history student Lis Smith, who is completing her PhD at St Andrews Institute of Scottish Historical Research. She said: “We knew that Sophia Jex­Blake and her supporters, in their effort to open up university medical education for women, had written to the Senates Academicus (校评议委员会)at St Andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there, but we didn't know documentary evidence existed. While searching the archives for information about the university's higher certificate for women, I was astonished to come across what must be the very letter Jex­Blake wrote. ”

　　In the letter, Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews. Although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews, a distance­learning degree for women. The qualification, which ran from 1877 until the 1930s, gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students. It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892.

　　Ms Jex­Blake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874. She was accepted by the University of Berne, where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877. Eventually, she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice.

　　59．Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted ________.

　　A．to carry out a research project there

　　B．to set up a medical institute there

　　C．to study medicine there

　　D．to deliver lectures there

　　60．Lis Smith found Sophia's letter to St Andrews University ________.

　　A．by pure chance

　　B．in the school office

　　C．with her supporters' help

　　D．while reading history books

　　61．Sophia's letter resulted in the establishment of ________.

　　A．the London School of Medicine for Women

　　B．a degree programme for women

　　C．a system of medical education

　　D．the University of Berne

　　62. When did St Andrews University begin to take full­time women students?

　　A. In 1873.

　　B. In 1874.

　　C. In 1877.

　　D. In 1892.

　　2017·福建卷]

　　E

　　Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.

　　But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.

　　For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holi­day. For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.

　　The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.

　　While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.

　　In setting out its plans for a five­term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two­week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.

　　We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.

　　71．The passage is probably written by ________.

　　A. an experienced teacher

　　B．a working parent

　　C．an inspired student

　　D．a city council member

　　72．The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．

　　A．environments

　　B．holidays

　　C．wages

　　D．benefits

　　73．It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to ________.

　　A．2 weeks

　　B．4.5 weeks

　　C．5 weeks

　　D．6 weeks

　　74．The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students ________.

　　A．obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs

　　B．get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school

　　C．benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment

　　D．have more school days to receive free school meals

　　75．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A．working parents can enjoy a five­week break to care for their children

　　B．the suggested plans for a five­term school year can hardly be carried out

　　C．the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”

　　D．some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday

　　2017·浙江卷]

　　C

　　Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, “In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence”. Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?

　　First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.

　　Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution(解决)：stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name­calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.

　　After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy(策略) for conflict resolution: listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non­threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.

　　Finally, students need to consider what they are bearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these：How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.

　　There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, “64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves”. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.

　　50. This article is mainly about ________.

　　A. the lives of school children

　　B. the cause of arguments in schools

　　C. how to analyze youth violence

　　D. how to deal with school conflicts

　　51. From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ________.

　　A. violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime

　　B. a small conflict can lead to violence

　　C. students tend to lose their temper easily

　　D. the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight

　　52. Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?

　　A. To find out who is to blame.

　　B. To get ready to try new things.

　　C. To make clear what the real issue is.

　　D. To figure out how to stop the shouting match.

　　53. After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta, it was found that ________.

　　A. there was a decrease in classroom violence

　　B. there was less student cooperation in the classroom

　　C. more teachers felt better about themselves in schools

　　D. the teacher­student relationship greatly improved

　　54. The writer's purpose for writing this article is to ________.

　　A. complain about problems in school education

　　B. teach students different strategies for school life

　　C. advocate teaching conflict management in schools

　　D. inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence

　　2017·天津卷]

　　A

　　Bicycle Safety

　　Operation　Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.

　　Theft Prevention　Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack—even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It's fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.

　　Equipment

　　Brakes　Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.

　　Helmet　A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.

　　Lights　Always have a front headlight—visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.

　　Rules of the Road

　　Riding on Campus　As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.

　　Bicycle Parking　Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.

　　If Things Go Wrong

　　If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for：

　　No bicycle registration$25

　　Bicycle parking banned$30

　　Blocking path with bicycle$40

　　Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$35

　　36．Registration of your bicycle may help you ________.

　　A．find your stolen bicycle

　　B．get your serial number

　　C．receive free repair services

　　D．settle conflicts with walkers

　　37．According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?

　　A．Brakes.

　　B．A helmet.

　　C．A headlight.

　　D．A taillight.

　　38．When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ________.

　　A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks

　　B．cycle at a speed of over 15 mph

　　C．put the walkers' right of way first

　　D．call the police before leaving in case of accident

　　39．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined ________.

　　A．$25

　　B．$30

　　C．$35

　　D．$40

　　40．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus.

　　B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus.

　　C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus.

　　D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus.

　　2017·天津卷]

　　B“I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here. I haven't seen many of you since your graduation, but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies. I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students. Although I haven't appeared in person, I have attended your college graduations, weddings and even the births of your children, in my imagination.”

　　Ms. Yates paused and started crying a bit. Then she continued：

　　“It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could, some of you would succeed to please me and others would succeed to annoy me. Regardless of our motives, I can see that you have all been successful in your chosen path.”

　　“There is no greater comfort for an educator than to see the end result of his or her years of work. You have all been a great source of pleasure and pride for me and I want you to know I love you all from the bottom of my heart.”

　　There was a silence over the crowd for a few seconds and then someone started clapping. The clapping turned into cheering, then into a deafening roar(呼喊). Lawyers, truck drivers, bankers and models were rubbing their eyes or crying openly with no shame all because of the words from a long forgotten English teacher from their hometown.

　　41．What activity was organized for the school reunion?

　　A．Sightseeing in the park.

　　B．A picnic on the school playground.

　　C．Telling stories about past events.

　　D．Graduates' reports in the old building.

　　42. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

　　A. Some graduates were too busy to listen to Ms. Yates' speech.

　　B. Many graduates disliked Ms. Yates' ways of teaching.

　　C. Some people got tired from the reunion activities.

　　D. Most people had little interest in the reunion.

　　43. We can learn from Ms. Yates' speech that she________.

　　A. kept track of her students' progress

　　B. gave her students advice on their careers

　　C. attended her students' college graduations

　　D. went to her students' wedding ceremonies

　　44. What was Ms. Yates' belief in teaching teenagers?

　　A. Teachers' knowledge is the key to students' achievements.

　　B. Pressure on students from teachers should be reduced.

　　C. Hard­pushed students are more likely to succeed.

　　D. Students' respect is the best reward for teachers.

　　45. Which of the following can best describe Ms. Yates?

　　A. Reliable and devoted.

　　B. Tough and generous.

　　C. Proud but patient.

　　D. Strict but caring.

　　2017·山东卷]

　　B

　　One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文)showing how it was used.

　　This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire，” 50 miles from Oxford.

　　Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.

　　But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book­lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院)for the Criminally Insane.

　　Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.

　　In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.

　　Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.

　　61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary

　　________.

　　A. came out before Minor died

　　B. was edited by an American volunteer

　　C. included the English words invented by Murray

　　D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary

　　62. How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?

　　A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.

　　B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.

　　C. He provided a great number of words and quotations.

　　D. He went to England to work with Murray.

　　63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?

　　A. He was shut in an asylum.

　　B. He lived far from Oxford.

　　C. He was busy writing a book.

　　D. He disliked traveling.

　　64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because ________.

　　A. they both served in the Civil War

　　B. they had a common interest in words

　　C. Minor recovered with the help of Murray

　　D. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor

　　65. Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor?

　　A. Brave and determined.

　　B. Cautious and friendly.

　　C. Considerate and optimistic.

　　D. Unusual and scholarly.

　　66. What does the text mainly talk about?

　　A. The history of the English language.

　　B. The friendship between Murray and Minor.

　　C. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.

　　D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.

　　2017·全国卷Ⅱ]

　　C

　　Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A woman's smile

　　at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion(困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places(although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don't smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.

　　Our faces show emotions(情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expressiveness permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.

　　It is difficult to generalize about Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

　　49．What does the smile usually mean in the U．S.?

　　A．Love.

　　B．Politeness.

　　C．Joy.

　　D．Thankfulness.

　　50．The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can ________.

　　A．show friendliness to strangers

　　B．be used to hide true feelings

　　C．be used in the wrong places

　　D．show personal habits

　　51．What should we do before attempting to “read” people?

　　A．Learn about their relations with others.

　　B．Understand their cultural backgrounds.

　　C．Find out about their past experience.

　　D．Figure out what they will do next.

　　52．What would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Cultural Differences

　　B．Smiles and Relationships

　　C．Facial Expressiveness

　　D．Habits and Emotions

　　2017·辽宁卷] C

　　If Confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his September 28 birthday with a big cake, there would be a lot of candles. He'd need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.

　　While many people in China will remember Confucius on his special day, few people in the United States will give him a passing thought. It's nothing personal. Most Americans don't even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.

　　But this doesn't mean that Americans don't care about Confucius. In many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of China.

　　In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in Western universities. More recently, the Chinese government has set up Confucius Institutes in more than 80 countries. These schools teach both Chinese language and culture. The main courses of Chinese culture usually include Chinese art, history and philosophy(哲学)．Some social scientists suggest that Westerners should take advantage of the ancient Chinese wisdom to make up for the drawbacks of Western philosophy. Students in the United States, at the same time, are racing to learn Chinese. So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States. Businessmen who hope to make money in China are reading books about Confucius to understand their Chinese customers.

　　So the old thinker's ideas are still alive and well.

　　Today China attracts the West more than ever, and it will need more teachers to introduce Confucius and Chinese culture to the West.

　　As for the old thinker, he will not soon be forgotten by people in the West, even if his birthday is.

　　64．The opening paragraph is mainly intended to ________.

　　A．provide some key facts about Confucius

　　B．attract the readers' interest in the subject

　　C．show great respect for the ancient thinker

　　D．prove the popularity of modern birthday celebrations

　　65．We can learn from Paragraph 4 that American students ________.

　　A．have a great interest in studying Chinese

　　B．take an active part in Chinese competitions

　　C．try to get high scores in Chinese exams

　　D．fight for a chance to learn Chinese

　　66．What is the best title for the passage?

　　A．Forgotten Wisdom in America

　　B．Huge Fans of the Chinese Language

　　C．Chinese Culture for Westerners

　　D．Old Thinker with a Big Future

　　67．The passage is likely to appear in ________.

　　A．a biography

　　B．a history paper

　　C．a newspaper

　　D．a philosophy textbook

　　2017·课标全国卷]

　　D

　　Grown­ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.

　　One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.

　　In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long ater we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle, twinkle, little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.

　　The multiplication tables (乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.

　　The law of overlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) for an examination, though it may result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for one's future development.

　　67．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?

　　A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.

　　B．Children have a better memory than grown­ups.

　　C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.

　　D．Stories for children are easy to remember.

　　68．The author explains the law of overlearning by________.

　　A．presenting research findings

　　B．setting down general rules

　　C．making a comparison

　　D．using examples

　　69．According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is ________.

　　A．a result of overlearning

　　B．a special case of cramming

　　C．a skill to deal with math problems

　　D．a basic step towards advanced studies

　　70．What is the author's opinion on cramming?

　　A．It leads to failure in college exams.

　　B．It's helpful only in a limited way.

　　C．It's possible to result in poor memory.

　　D．It increases students' learning interest.

　　2017·安徽卷]

　　Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?

　　The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils(灾祸)．

　　People's choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies' reactions (反应)toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environments have been found to have fewer stomach aches.

　　Red can cause a person's blood pressure to rise and increase people's appetites(食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person's eye.

　　Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.

　　The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.

　　60. Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their ________.

　　A. cultural values

　　B. commercial purposes

　　C. personal experiences

　　D. physical reactions to the color

　　61. Why will many commercial websites have a red “Buy Now” button?

　　A. To relax people physically.

　　B. To increase people's appetites.

　　C. To encourage people to make a purchase.

　　D. To cause a person's blood pressure to rise.

　　62. What color might help lose weight according to the text?

　　A. Red.

　　B. Green.

　　C. Blue.

　　D. Purple.

　　63. Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text?

　　A. Colors and Human Beings

　　B. The Cultural Meaning of Color

　　C. Colors and Personal Experiences

　　D. The Meaning and Function of Color

　　2011年高考题

　　1.（2011·北京卷）C

　　Students and Technology in the Classroom

　　I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me . I also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts .Despite this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices（设备） and truly communicat with others.

　　On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule —no laptop ,iPads ,phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .

　　Most students assume that my reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology . There’s a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology . There’s no truth in that at all . I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.

　　The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to dig deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion .

　　I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom .

　　I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change ,I’m sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.

　　63.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with____

　　A. the course material

　　B. others’ misuse of

　　technology

　　C. discussion topics

　　D. the author’s class regulations

　　64.The underlined word “engage ”in para.4 probably means ____

　　A. explore

　　B. accept

　　C. change

　　D. reject

　　65.According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may ____

　　A. keep students from doing independent thinking

　　B. encourage students to have in-depth conversations

　　C. help students to better understand complex themes

　　D. affect students’ concentration on course evaluation

　　66.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author ____

　　A. is quite stubborn

　　B. will give up teaching history

　　C. will change his teaching plan soon

　　D. values technology-free dialogues in his class

　　2.（2011·安徽卷）E

　　George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book, Listening for Meaning in a World of Noise. Here he explains himself (using his indoor voice):

　　“We’ve become so accustomed to noise, there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial. If you tell someone to be quiet, you sound like an old man. But it’s never been more important to find continuing quiet. Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”

　　“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear if you merely quiet things down a little. During a

　　Japanese tea ceremony, the smallest sounds become a kind of art—the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor.”

　　“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other. They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings. Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them. If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise, we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us—of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bird songs and ice cracking(开裂声). It’s astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen. ”

　　72. What does the phrase “to put a sock in it” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

　　A. to be quiet

　　B. to be colorful

　　C. to be full of love

　　D. to be attentive to someone

　　73. What does Prochnik say about us?

　　A. We are used to quietness

　　B. We have to put up with noise

　　C. We do not think silence to be beneficial

　　D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available

　　74. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?

　　A. We need more sounds in our lives

　　B. There is nothing to be learned from the deaf

　　C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is

　　D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony

　　75. It can be inferred from the text that

　　.

　　A. we can benefit a lot from old people

　　B. it is a good idea to use sign language

　　C. there is no escape from the world of sound

　　D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound

　　3.（2011·山东卷）B

　　Tim Richter and his wife, Linda, had taught for over 30 years near Buffalo, New York--he in computers, she

　　in special education. "Teaching means everything to us," Tim would say. In April1998, he learned he would need a heart operation. It was the kind of news that leads to some serious thinking about life's purpose.

　　Not long after the surgery, Tim saw a brochure describing Imagination Library, a program started by Dolly Parton' s foundation (基金会) that mailed a book every month to children from birth to age five in the singer's home town of Sevier, Tennessee. “I thought, maybe Linda and I could do something like this when we retire," Tim recalls.

　　He placed the brochure on his desk, "as a reminder."

　　Five years later, now retired and with that brochure still on the desk, Tim clicked on imagination library .com. The program had been opened up to partners who could take advantage of book and postage discounts.

　　The quality of the books was of great concern to the Richters.

　　Rather than sign up online, they went to Dollywood for a look-see. “We didn’t want to give the children rubbish,” says Linda. The books-reviewed each year by teachers, literacy specialists and Dollywood board members-included classics such as Ezra Jack Keats’s The Snowy Day and newer books like Anna Dewdney’s Llama Llama series.

　　Satisfied, the couple set up the Richter Family Foundation and got to work. Since 2004, they have shipped more than 12,200 books to preschoolers in their in their area. Megan Williams, a mother of four, is more than appreciative: “This program introduces us to books I’ve never heard of .”

　　The Richters spend about ＄400 a month sending books to 200 children. “Some people sit there and wait to die,” says Tim. “Others get as busy as they can in the time they have left.”

　　62.What did Tim want to do after learning about Imagination Library?

　　A. Give out brochures.

　　B .Do something similar.

　　C. Write books for children

　　D. Retire from being a teacher.

　　63.According to the text, Dollly

　　Parton is

　　.

　　A. a well-known surgeon

　　B. a mother of a four-year-old

　　C. a singer born in Tennessee

　　D .a computer programmer

　　64.Why did the Richters go to Dollywood?

　　A. To avoid signing up online.

　　B. To meet Dollywood board members.

　　C. To make sure the books were the newest.

　　D. To see if the books were of good quality.

　　65.What can we learn from Tim’s words in the last paragraph?

　　A. He needs more money to help the children.

　　B. He wonders why some people are so busy.

　　C. He tries to save those waiting to die.

　　D. He considers his efforts worthwhile.

　　4.（2011·上海卷）(A)

　　The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother’s brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.

　　During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn’t dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre

　　not just children’s theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.

　　My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I’ll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis’s Archy & Mehitabel through her.

　　Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a “youth columnist”. My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.

　　Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her “favourite niece”. Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.

　　Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?

　　A. She lent her some serious classics.

　　B. She cultivated her taste for music.

　　C. She discovered her talent for dancing.

　　D. She introduced her to adult plays.

　　What does Archy and Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

　　A. A book of great fun.

　　B. A writer of high fame.

　　C. A serious masterpiece.

　　D. A heartbreaking play.

　　Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ______.来

　　A. develop her capabilities for writing

　　B. give her a chance to collect material

　　C. involve her in teenage social activities

　　D. offer her a series of writing jobs

　　We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ______.

　　A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined

　　B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential

　　C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils.

　　D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning

　　5.（2011·全国II）D

　　The way we do things round here

　　Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, "Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us." That "quite" saddened me. I thought he was saying "we're kind of pleased you decided to join

　　us although I wish we had hired someone else." Then I discovered that in American English "quite"sometimes means "very", while in British English it means "fairly".

　　So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don't

　　just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．

　　Some of these differences may be only on the surface一dress, food and hours of work一while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.

　　Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o'clock

　　your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the

　　American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word "late" because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.

　　52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought______．

　　A. the American bank didn't think much of him

　　B. the American bank might hire another person

　　C. it's difficult to get used to American culture

　　D. it's easy to misunderstand Americans

　　53．The word "highlights" in Paragraph 2 probably means_____.

　　A. encourages B. helps to narrow

　　C. increases D. draws attention to

　　54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?

　　A. Ask the native people for help.

　　B. Understand and accept them.

　　C. Do things in our own way.

　　D. Do in-depth research.

　　55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are______.

　　A. Italians B. Germans C. Greeks D. the British

　　6.（2011·四川卷）D

　　“Experience may possibly be the best teacher, but it is not a particular good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organization decision making. For years March ( possibly be wisest philosopher of management) has studied how humans think and act, and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.

　　He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning :“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is explained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves（涉及） serious complications（复杂化），ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.

　　In one interesting part of book，for example，he turns a double eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. He says“The more accurately（精确的）reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.”

　　Besides being a broadly

　　knowledgeable

　　researcher. March is also a poet, and his gift shines though in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding；Don’t pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life.

　　53. According to the text, James March is ____________.

　　A. a poet who uses experience in his writing

　　B. a teacher who teachers story writing in university

　　C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act

　　D. a professor who helps organizations makes important decisions

　　54. According to James March, experience ______________.

　　A. is overvalued

　　B. is easy to explain

　　C. should be actively sought

　　55. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

　　A. Experience makes stories more accurate.

　　B. Stories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.

　　C. The use of stories is the best way of experiential learning.

　　D. Stories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.

　　56. What’s the purpose of this text?

　　A. To introduce a book.

　　B. To describe a researcher.

　　C. To explain experiential learning.

　　D. To discuss organizational decision making.

　　7.(2011·辽宁卷)B

　　About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.

　　Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers.The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools.”and that is about twice as many as two years ago.

　　The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.

　　Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.

　　Whatever the judgment of cyberschools,they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.

　　Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer,a printer,books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.

　　Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.

　　59, What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?

　　A. They have to take long bus rides to school.

　　B. They study at home rather than in classrooms.

　　C. They receive money from traditional public schools.

　　D. They do well in traditional school programs.

　　60. What is a problem with cyberschoois?

　　A. Their equipment costs a lot of money.

　　B. They get little support from the state government.

　　C. It is hard to know students' progress in learning.

　　D. The students find it hard to make friends.

　　61. Cyberschools are getting popular became

　　A. they are less expensive for students

　　B. their students can work at their own speed

　　C. their graduates are more successful in society

　　D. they serve students in a wider age range

　　62. We can infer that the author of the text is

　　.

　　A. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools

　　B. excited about the future of cyberschools

　　C. doubtful about the quality of cyberschoois

　　D. disappointed at the development of cyberschools

　　8.（2011·福建卷）B

　　For five days,Edmonton's Downtown Park is transformed into one huge stage where artists are able to share their talents, and where people are able to celebrate and enjoy themselves .Since is beginning

　　in 1980,the Edmonton Folk Music Festival has been commemorating(念）the ture feeling of what folk music is all about and that's the traditional togetherness(友爱）that is felt when people gather to share stories and feelings through song.

　　This year will be the sixth year when volunteer Riedel will be offering up her time to the festival. "People coming off a busy spring and summer have a moment of relaxation ," Riedel said. "It's really east to relax, and it's great seeing family and friends have fun together." These families and friends come from all different kinds of musical tastes. People who take pleasure in Blues are there, so are people who love Bluegrass. This festival does its best to develop everyone's musical interests.

　　With so many years of expenence .the festival has become a well-oiled machine, and does whatever it can to make attendees feel as possible. There are free water stations throughout the venue(举办地）for people to fill up their travel cups. When people buy food, reusable ashes are given a $2 plate fee, but that is returned when the plate is brought back.

　　The festival has completely sold out of tickets, and in record time. But with big names such as Van Morrison and Jakob Dylan, it’s easy to see how that was going to happen. There is no parking area during the festival, so using the Park & Ride system or Edmonton Transit is highly recommended. A bike lock-up area is provided and will be available Thursday until Sunday one hour before the gates open until 45 minutes after the gates close.

　　The Edmonton Folk Music Festival begins on Wednesday, Aug.4 with Van Morrison playing the special donation fund （基金）concert, and will finish up on Sunday, Aug.8.

　　60. The Edmonton Folk Music Festival is held mainly to ___________.

　　A. gather people with different musical tastes

　　B. remind people of the real sense of folk music

　　C. exhibitive good voices of great talents in folk music

　　D. collect old stories of folk music

　　61. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A. Riedel has volunteered for the festival for at least 5years.

　　B. It’s hard for people to appreciate Blues.

　　C. It costs people a little to fill up their cups from water stations.

　　D. People have to pay ﹩2 for a plate of food.

　　62. We can learn from the passenger that____.

　　A. people can get tickets easily for the festival

　　B. the Edmonton Folk Music Festival is highly recommended.

　　C. driving one’s own car to the festival is highly recommended

　　D. bikes are available at the festival from Wednesday to Sunday

　　63. What would the best title for the passenger?

　　A. Folk Music of Blues

　　B. One Festival Family Gathering

　　C. Festival for family Gathering

　　D. Edmonton’s Downtown Park