五年高考（2011-2015）英语试题分项精解：专题19 完形填空之议论文类（解析版）

　　【2015·广东】完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.

　　Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!

　　When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.

　　People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.

　　On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.

　　As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.

　　1. A. designed

　　B. selected

　　C. improved

　　D. discovered

　　2.

　　A. completely

　　B. generally

　　C. apparently

　　D. extremely

　　3. A. rapidly

　　B. harmlessly

　　C. endlessly

　　D. separately

　　4.

　　A. eventually

　　B. hopelessly

　　C. automatically

　　D. desperately

　　5.

　　A. busier

　　B. longer

　　C. richer

　　D. happier

　　6. A. finishing

　　B. guiding

　　C. waiting

　　D. dividing

　　7. A. stress

　　B. damage

　　C. decline

　　D. failure

　　8.

　　A. survive

　　B. enjoy

　　C. remember

　　D. value

　　9. A. problems

　　B. fears

　　C. worries

　　D. diseases

　　10.

　　A. poor

　　B. young

　　C. sick

　　D. quiet

　　11.

　　A. changes

　　B. recovery

　　C. safety

　　D. increases

　　12.

　　A. dreams

　　B. chances

　　C. strengths

　　D. choices

　　13.

　　A. mind

　　B. appearance

　　C. voice

　　D. movement

　　14.

　　A. protection

　　B. suggestions

　　C. contributions

　　D. permission

　　15.

　　A. sound

　　B. appear

　　C. turn

　　D. stay

　　【考点定位】社会现象类短文。

　　【名师点睛】这篇短文是一篇议论文，讨论了人类寿命增加这个话题，主要考查学生名词、形容词、动词、副词等实词在具体语言环境下的使用和词义辨析，同时考查学生的语篇理解的能力。学生要在理解短文大意的基础上，对每个题目中设置的选项进行辨析，同时还需要注意上下文的暗示，选出最符合文意的一项。

　　2017年高考试题

　　Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have

　　1

　　feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common

　　2

　　between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over

　　3

　　rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the

　　4

　　. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for

　　5

　　the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.

　　The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different

　　6

　　to these problems. However, some approaches are more

　　7

　　than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but

　　8

　　clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s

　　9

　　. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the

　　10

　　of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to

　　11

　　their actions.

　　Psychologists say that

　　12

　　is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should

　　13

　　to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may

　　14

　　their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and

　　15

　　each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.

　　A. natural

　　B. strong

　　C. guilty

　　D. similar

　　A. interest

　　B. argument

　　C. link

　　D.knowledge

　　A. noisy

　　B. crowded

　　C. messy

　　D. locked

　　A. homework

　　B. housework C. problem

　　D. research

　　A. washing

　　B. using

　　C. dropping

　　D. replacing

　　A. approaches

　　B. contributions

　　C. introductions

　　D. attitudes

　　A. complex

　　B. popular

　　C. scientific

　　D. successful

　　A. later

　　B. deliberately

　　C. seldom

　　D. thoroughly

　　A. behavior

　　B. taste

　　C. future

　　D. nature

　　A. failures

　　B. changes

　　C. consequences

　　D. thrills

　　A. defend

　　B. delay

　　C. repeat

　　D. reconsider

　　A. communication

　　B. bond

　　C. friendship

　　D. trust

　　A. reply

　　B. attend

　　C. attach

　　D. talk

　　A. hate

　　B. scold

　　C. frighten

　　D. stop

　　A. loving

　　B. observing

　　C. understanding

　　D. praising

　　【答案】

　　D

　　B

　　C

　　B

　　C

　　A

　　D

　　A

　　A

　　C

　　D

　　A

　　D

　　B

　　C

　　D。考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。 此处 complex 复杂的；popular 受欢迎的；scientific 科学的；successful成功的。接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。

　　A。考查副词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，父母先因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫，后来又为他们收拾房间。此处later后来；deliberately故意地； seldom很少；thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。

　　A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，那些因为孩子邋遢而大吼大叫但是后来又为他们房间打扫的的父母有更少的机会改变他们孩子的行为。此处behavior行为；taste味道；future未来；nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了。自然行为得不到改变。故选A。

　　C。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。此处failures失败；changes变化；consequences结果；thrills兴奋、震颤。故选C。

　　D。考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。 此处defend防御；delay耽搁；repeat重复；reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，选D。

　　A。考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。此处communication 交

　　2017年高考试题Section A

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.

　　Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization

　　50

　　for all?

　　According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce

　　51

　　in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth

　　52

　　to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes

　　53

　　at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.

　　Those who

　　54

　　globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.

　　55

　　, small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in

　　56

　　open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.

　　Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually

　　57

　　the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually

　　58

　　from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.

　　59

　　, they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to

　　60

　　their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of

　　61

　　. When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to

　　62

　　and will be crowded out.

　　One thing is certain about globalization—there is no

　　63

　　. Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The

　　64

　　now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.

　　(347 words)

　　50. A. possible

　　B. smooth

　　C. good

　　D. easy

　　51. A. crime

　　B. poverty

　　C. conflict

　　D. population

　　52. A. contributing

　　B. responding

　　C. turning

　　D. owing

　　53. A. remain

　　B. drop

　　C. shift

　　D. increase

　　54. A. doubt

　　B. define

　　C. advocate

　　D. ignore

　　55. A. In addition

　　B. For instance

　　C. In other words

　　D. All in all

　　56. A. mature

　　B. new

　　C. local

　　D. foreign

　　57. A. finding

　　B. exploring

　　C. bridging

　　D. widening

　　58. A. suffered

　　B. profited

　　C. learned

　　D. withdrawn

　　59. A. Furthermore

　　B. Therefore

　　C. However

　　D. Otherwise

　　60. A. consume

　　B. deliver

　　C. export

　　D. advertise

　　61. A. trouble

　　B. business

　　C. power

　　D. mind

　　62. A. keep up

　　B. come in

　　C. go around

　　D. help out

　　63. A. taking off

　　B. getting along

　　C. holding out

　　D. turning back

　　64. A. agreement

　　B. prediction

　　C. outcome

　　D. challenge

　　53.【答案】D

　　【解析】根据上文中的It quotes one study that shows increased wealth

　　52

　　to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries可知，这24个国家的财富增加了，也就是说他们的收入增加了，即increase。句意为，这24个国家的人的收入增加了平均百分之五。Remain 仍然 drop下降 shift变化 increase增加，因此选择D

　　考察动词和语境

　　54.C

　　【解析】doubt 怀疑； define 定义、规定、明确 ；advocate 提倡、拥护； ignore忽视，根据后面的 “economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses”发展中国家的经济会收益，源于小型的、家庭型生意获得的新机会，尤其是其中的“benefit from”可知，该观点的those人们是支持，提倡市场开放的，因此选择C项。

　　考察动词和语境

　　55.B

　　【解析】上一句讲到了小型的、家庭型的生意会获得等多的机会，该句讲的是他们具体是得到怎样的机会，因此属于具体说明、举例说明，故选择B 项的for instance意为例如。In addition意为此外，表

　　59.A

　　【解析】根据下文的“globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses.”意为全球化会逐渐威胁到新兴企业。该观点与上面几句的观点类似，都是属于反对市场开放的，但是该观点与上面的加大贫富差距不一样，因此跟上一观点是递进关系，因此选择A项，furthermore意为，此外，表递进关系。Therefore意为因此，因果关系，however然而，转折关系 otherwise否则，转折关系

　　考察副词和语境。

　　60.C

　　【解析】根据上文中的“small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in

　　56

　　open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet”可知，当地人可以通过互联网把商品卖到世界各地，即向国外出口（export)商品，故选择C，句意为，例如，印度的手艺人目前看起来是从全球化中收益了，因为他们可以出口他们的商品，但是他们很快就会面对激烈的竞争，这可能会让他

　　’re interested in the ___38____ , films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a ___39____ of the language.

　　Most people learn best using a variety of ___40____, but traditional classes are an ideal（理想的）start for many people. They___41__an environment where you can practice under the __42___ of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead ___43___ lives and learning a language takes __44___. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ___45___. It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes __46__.

　　Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too __47___, ” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more __48___ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any ___49___. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people ___50___ about the mistakes they make when ___51___. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __52____ you’re much less likely to make them again.

　　Learning a new language is never ___53___. But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be __54___ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___55___ own language. Good luck!

　　36. A. technical

　　B. political

　　C. practical

　　D. physical

　　37. A. After

　　B. So

　　C. Though

　　D. Or

　　38. A literature

　　B. transport

　　C. agriculture

　　D. medicine

　　39. A view

　　B. knowledge

　　C. form

　　D. database

　　40. A paintings

　　B. regulations

　　C. methods

　　D. computers

　　41. A. protect

　　B. change

　　C. respect

　　D. provide

　　42. A. control

　　B. command

　　C. guidance

　　D. pressure

　　43. A. busy

　　B. happy

　　C. simple

　　D. normal

　　44. A. courage

　　B. time

　　C. energy

　　D. place

　　45. A. theory

　　B. business

　　C. routine

　　D. project

　　46. A. some risks

　　B. a lot less

　　C. some notes

　　D. a lot more

　　47. A. old

　　B. nervous

　　C. weak

　　D. tired

　　48. A. closely

　　B. quickly

　　C. privately

　　D. quietly

　　49. A. age

　　B. speed

　　C. distance

　　D. school

　　50. A. worry

　　B. hesitate

　　C. think

　　D. quarrel

　　51. A. singing

　　B. working

　　C. bargaining

　　D. learning

　　52. A. if

　　B. and

　　C. but

　　D. before

　　53. A. tiresome

　　B. hard

　　C. interesting

　　D. easy

　　54. A. blamed

　　B. amazed

　　C. interrupted

　　D. informed

　　55. A. their

　　B. his

　　C. our

　　D, your

　　40.【答案】C

　　【解析】 名词辨析。A、绘画；B、规则，法规；C、方法；D、电脑。句意：大部分学得最好的人用各种方法，但是传统的课堂对于许多人来说是一个理想的开端。故选Ｃ。

　　41.【答案】D

　　【解析】 动词辨析。A. 保护； B. 改变； C. 尊敬；D. 提供。联系下文an environment，一个环境，可知此处指的是，他们给你提供一个你可以练习的环境，故选Ｄ。

　　42.【答案】C

　　【解析】 名词辨析。A. 控制；B. 命令，控制；C. 指导，引导；D. 压力。联系下文of someone who’s good at the language.擅长这门语言的某人，可知此处指的是在擅长这门语言的人的指导下，故选Ｃ。

　　43.【答案】A

　　【解析】 形容词辨析。A. 忙碌的；B. 高兴的；C. 简单的；D. 正常的。联系学￥科￥网生活常识，

　　48.【答案】B

　　【解析】 联系下文but research has shown that you can learn a language at any age.描述，可知此处指的是孩子们比成年人学习语言快，故选Ｂ。

　　49.【答案】A

　　【解析】 联系前文Yes, children do learn languages more quickly than adults,，可知此处指的是在任何年龄你都能学习外语。故选A. 年龄。

　　50.【答案】A

　　【解析】 联系下文about the mistakes they make，关于他们犯的错误。可知此处指的是人们担心他们犯的错误，故选A. 担心。

　　51.【答案】D

　　【解析】 这篇短文主要谈论的就是语言学习，可知此处指的是当他们学习外语的时候，故选Ｄ，学习。

　　52. 【答案】B

　　2017年高考试题（2017·江苏卷）

　　请认真阅读下面短文， 从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中， 选出最佳选项。

　　The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non­existent. In the world of digital technology, e­mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be __36__. Solitude can be hard to discover

　　__37__

　　it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have

　　__38__

　　our culture.

　　The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __39__ as we've known it. People have become so __40__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __41__ they' d rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e­mail, chat and blog (写博客), not only from our __42__， but from our mobile phones as well.

　　Most developed nations have become __43__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not __44__ it would make them an outsider. __45__， many jobs and careers require people to be __46__. From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a __47__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

　　I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __48__ wants it. Computers can be shut __49__ and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __50__， as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up __51__ on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel __52__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __53__ to unwanted texts.

　　Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __54__

　　across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like __55__ daily advancements in technology.

　　36. A. updated

　　B. received

　　C. shared

　　D. collected

　　37. A. though

　　B. until

　　C. once

　　D. before

　　38. A. respected

　　B. shaped

　　C. ignored

　　D. preserved

　　39. A. edge

　　B. stage

　　C. end

　　D. balance

　　40. A. sensitive

　　B. intelligent

　　C. considerate

　　D. reachable

　　41. A. even if

　　B. only if

　　C. as if

　　D. if only

　　42. A. media

　　B. computers

　　C. databases

　　D. monitors

　　43. A. bent

　　B. hard

　　C. keen

　　D. dependent

　　44. A. finding

　　B. using

　　C. protecting

　　D. changing

　　45. A. Also

　　B. Instead

　　C. Otherwise

　　D. Somehow

　　46. A. connected

　　B. trained

　　C. recommended

　　D. interested

　　47. A. pleasure

　　B. benefit

　　C. burden

　　D. disappointment

　　48. A. slightly

　　B. hardly

　　C. merely

　　D. really

　　49. A. out

　　B. down

　　C. up

　　D. in

　　50. A. aspects

　　B. weaknesses

　　C. advantages

　　D. exceptions

　　51. A. hidden

　　B. lost

　　C. relaxed

　　D. deserted

　　52. A. trapped

　　B. excited

　　C. confused

　　D. amused

　　53. A. turn

　　B. submit

　　C. object

　　D. reply

　　54. A. vary

　　B. arise

　　C. spread

　　D. exist

　　55. A. beyond

　　B. within

　　C. despite

　　D. without

　　（2017·上海卷）

　　Directions:

　　For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.

　　Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another

　　__50__， subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his

　　__51__

　　; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to

　　__52__

　　aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In

　　__53__

　　these and other research findings，two themes are

　　__54__

　　: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think

　　__55__

　　assistance.

　　In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. __56__ , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be

　　__57__， but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very

　　__58__

　　person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to __59__

　　the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

　　The degree of

　　__60__

　　between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n)

　　__61__

　　T­shirt than a person wearing a T­shirt printed with offensive words.

　　Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone

　　__62__

　　to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for

　　__63__

　　than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be

　　__64__

　　rather than drunk.

　　50. A. study

　　B. way

　　C.

　　word

　　D. college

　　51. A. hand

　　B. arm

　　C.

　　face

　　D. back

　　52. A. refuse

　　B. beg

　　C.

　　lose

　　D. receive

　　53. A. challenging

　　B. recording

　　C.

　　understanding

　　D. publishing

　　54. A. important

　　B. possible

　　C.

　　amusing

　　D. missing

　　55. A. seek

　　B. deserve

　　C.

　　obtain

　　D. accept

　　56. A. At first

　　B. Above all

　　C.

　　In addition

　　D. For example

　　57. A. printed

　　B. mailed

　　C.

　　rewritten

　　D. signed

　　58. A. talented

　　B. good­looking

　　C.

　　helpful

　　D. hard­working

　　59. A. send in

　　B. throw away

　　C.

　　fill out

　　D. turn down

　　60. A. similarity

　　B. friendship

　　C.

　　cooperation

　　D. contact

　　61. A. expensive

　　B. plain

　　C.

　　cheap

　　D. strange

　　62. A. time

　　B. instructions

　　C.

　　money

　　D. chances

　　63. A. shoppers

　　B. research

　　C.

　　children

　　D. health

　　64. A. talkative

　　B. handsome

　　C.

　　calm

　　D. sick

　　63. D　考查名词。对健康来说，牛奶被认为比饼干更重要。

　　64. D　考查形容词。生病跌倒的似乎比喝醉跌倒的更容易得到帮助。

　　2011年高考题

　　1.（2011·广东卷）完形填空。

　　It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The __1____is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by___2___situations that has designed for the ____3___children.

　　There can be little doubt that___4____classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these____5____ out of the regular classes was created serious problems.

　　I observed a number of___6___students who were taken out of a special class and placed in___7____class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying__8___on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect___9___on many problems. Some of which were not on the school program.

　　Many are concerned that gifted children become___10____ and lose interest in learning. However, this___11____is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these___12___simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are

　　___13___. Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they___14_____so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an___15____ child.

　　1. A. principle

　　B. theory

　　C. arguments

　　D. classification

　　2. A. designing

　　B. grouping

　　C. learning

　　D. living

　　3. A. smart

　　B. curious

　　C. mature

　　D. average

　　4. A. regular

　　B. special

　　C. small

　　D. creative

　　5. A. children

　　B. programs

　　C. graduates

　　D. designs

　　6. A. intelligent

　　B. competent

　　C. ordinary

　　D. independent

　　7. A. separate

　　B. regular

　　C. new

　　D. boring

　　8. A. specially

　　B. slightly

　　C. wrongly

　　D. heavily

　　9. A. directly

　　B. clearly

　　C. voluntarily

　　D. quickly

　　10. A. doubted

　　B. bored

　　C. worried

　　D. tired

　　11. A. concern

　　B. conclusion

　　C. reflection

　　D. interest

　　12. A. students

　　B. adults

　　C. scholars

　　D. teachers

　　13. A. talented

　　B. worried

　　C. learned

　　D. interested

　　14. A. believe

　　B. think

　　C. say

　　D. feel

　　15. A. outstanding B. intelligent

　　C. anxious

　　D. ordinary

　　9.C考查副词词义及语境理解。由having no worry about keeping up可知：在普通班有天赋的学生不必担心跟上课程的问题，所以他们就会自动的思考许多问题。此处voluntarily意为：自愿地，主动地。

　　10.B考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。许多人担心他们会感到厌烦从而对学习失去兴趣。

　　11.A考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这种担心更多来源于老师和家长而不是学生。

　　12.B考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上文的parents and teachers可知，一些老师有了应该为那些有天赋的学生设立特殊班的想法，因为老师比家长更了解学校的情况。

　　13.A 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上文应为有天赋的学生。此处talented与gifted同意。

　　14.D考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们为什么会有这样的感觉是因为不适应学校的课程。

　　15.C考查形容词词义及语境理解。根据上文Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious可知此处选C。

　　2.（2011·上海卷）Section A

　　Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.

　　Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, ___50__, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often __51___ the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business ---___52___ that the customer remains a customer.

　　___53__ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every years. In constantly changing __54___ , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

　　Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the __55___ implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big ___56___ in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to __57__ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

　　In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and __58__ never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in __59__ profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

　　The logic behind cultivating customer ___60___ is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to __61__ them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. __62__ customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price __63__ , and may provide free word-of –mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it __64__ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

　　50. A. in particular

　　B. in reality

　　C. at least

　　D. first of all

　　51. A. emphasize

　　B. doubt

　　C. overlook

　　D. believe

　　52. A. denying

　　B. ensuring

　　C. arguing

　　D. proving

　　53. A. Moving

　　B. Hoping

　　C. Starting

　　D. Failing

　　54. A. markets

　　B. tastes

　　C. prices

　　D. expenses

　　55. A. culture

　　B. social

　　C. financial

　　D. economical

　　56. A. promise

　　B. plan

　　C. mistake

　　D. difference

　　57. A. cost

　　B. opportunity

　　C. profit

　　D. budget

　　58. A. as a result

　　B. on the whole

　　C. in conclusion

　　D. on the contrary

　　59. A. huge

　　B. potential

　　C. extra

　　D. reasonable

　　60. A. beliefs

　　B. loyalty

　　C. habits

　　D. interest

　　61. A. altering

　　B. understanding

　　C. keeping

　　D. attracting

　　62. A. Assumed

　　B. Respected

　　C. Established

　　D. Unexpected

　　63. A. agreeable

　　B. flexible

　　C. friendly

　　D. sensitive

　　64. A. unfair

　　B. difficult

　　C. essential

　　D. convenient

　　【答案】50---54 BCBDA

　　55---59CDCAB

　　60----64BCCDB