2016届高考英语二轮复习专题基础训练：6 主旨大意题

　　主旨大意题

　　A

　　(2017·安徽安庆二模)

　　China’s new term,tuhao,may be in next year’s Oxford English Dictionary.The word caught the attention of the dictionary’s editing team after BBC’s recent program on influential Chinese words.“If its influence continues,it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words,”said Julie Kleeman,project manager with the editing team.

　　In Chinese tu means uncouth(粗鲁的) and hao means rich.It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s countryside.The word became more popular in September with the launch of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone,which is loved by China’s rich people.The color became known as “tuhao gold”.The word is now also used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it.Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words—dama and hukou—which may also make it into the dictionary.

　　People can have an intuitive(直觉的) grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin,Kleeman said,adding that people avoid using an English word to keep the original meaning.

　　“We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary,”she said.Some of them are:guanxi,which means “connection”;taikonaut,a mix of taikong,meaning outer space,and astronaut.

　　The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive.The online version is also renewed every three months.“It at least broke our old rules.It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep pace with the time,” according to a statement from ex-chief-editor John Simpson.

　　1.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

　　A.Dama and hukou have made it into Oxford English Dictionary.

　　B.Some influential Chinese words appeared on one of BBC’s recent programs.

　　C.Tuhao refers to people who have both the cash and the class.

　　D.John Simpson thinks that it is not good to break old rules.

　　2.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A.Give orders to others.

　　B.Get ready to help others.

　　C.Go on a diet.

　　D.Put on weight.

　　3.Tuhao became more popular in September partly because 　. 

　　A.it is very likely to appear in Oxford English Dictionary

　　B.it is often used by the online community

　　C.people use Chinese pinyin to keep the original meaning

　　D.Apple launched a new gold-colored iPhone

　　4.The main idea of the text is that 　. 

　　A.tuhao may end up in Oxford English Dictionary

　　B.sometimes pinyin makes Chinese words better understood

　　C.tuhao has a new meaning at the present time

　　D.Oxford English Dictionary includes new words faster than before

　　B

　　(2017·东北三校第一次联考)

　　Welcome to the world of multitasking—a place where the measure of a person is how many jobs they can perform at the same time.In fact,if experts are to be believed,multitasking is a disastrous idea.

　　One of the opponents of multitasking is Dr. Clifford Nass,a professor at Stanford University.“People who multitask frequently are less able to pay attention;they’re worse at managing their memory,”he said.In his opinion,the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless in some situations,for example,part of doing business in the digital world;but you can’t do serious work like writing,thinking or solving an important problem this way.You do worse even as you think you’re doing better.All the time the research points to a simple fact:the brain cannot cope.When you stop midway through composing a report to check an email,you force your brain to stop and regroup.It is like pressing the pause button during a movie,meaning the film takes longer to watch.

　　And as for Dr. Nass,the problems extend beyond the brain.Young people who frequently multitask are not as socially and emotionally healthy as those who don’t.They just feel more emotionally satisfied and the feeling is so good and they are bound to desire it again.Todd Oppenheimer,a writer said,“We’ve become a very short-term society and don’t reward people for taking a lot of time on something.”He fears we may end up losing the next generation of great thinkers.“It’s really unfortunate because the long-term challenges of our world—environmental issues,financial issues—require people to think wisely about the long-term consequences of what they do.And it’s no coincidence that the kind of people who do think long-term don’t multitask.”

　　1.According to Dr. Nass,multitasking 　. 

　　A.makes the performance emotionally affected only

　　B.contributes to memorizing various things

　　C.may result in losing the next generation of great thinkers

　　D.can be performed using digital tools

　　2.From the passage,we can tell 　. 

　　A.the loss that we get with multitasking is harmless

　　B.we mistakenly believe that we’re doing better by switching between tasks

　　C.multitasking does harm to us in every area

　　D.for every task you add to your multitasking,you can finish your goal more quickly

　　3.Which of the following is a multitasking addict?

　　A.You turn your cellphone to silence when you’re out to dine with friends.

　　B.You watch from start to finish without distraction when playing a DVD.

　　C.You have your office desk covered with paperwork from various unfinished projects.

　　D.You feel that when you try to do too much at once,the result always suffers.

　　4.The author mainly wants to tell us 　. 

　　A.the less you switch,the better you do

　　B.it is more efficient to do things all in a mixed way

　　C.it takes longer for us to become a great thinker

　　D.we shouldn’t be lazy if we want to accomplish many tasks

　　C

　　(2017·福州毕业班质检)

　　A carefree summer vacation can be yours with these easy tips.

　　1.Fly into Alternate Airports

　　Most major destinations are served by more than one airport.Flying into a less popular one can result in cheaper tickets.Another added perk of quieter airports?Shorter check-in and security lines,and less waiting around.

　　2.Use Public Transportation for City Travel to Save Time and Money

　　When possible,take public transportation from the airport to your hotel.For example,the London-Heathrow express train takes just 15 minutes to get from airport to city and costs under 20 pounds.By contrast,“A taxi costs about 70 pounds and takes 40 minutes,”reports DiScala.

　　3.Eat Smart,Explore...and Save

　　Look for ways to take your order in pricey restaurants and you can avoid “Are we about to run out of money?”“Don’t order an appetizer.Don’t drink a lot of booze,”says DiScala.

　　Also,cover more ground by spreading out your snack places.“Have dessert at a café or ice cream stand,instead of at the dinner restaurant,”suggests DiScala.You’ll see more of the city and decisions about where to go for dinner will be less worrying.

　　4.Hit the Market

　　Much like reading the local newspaper,visiting a market gives context to a foreign country.Even the smallest villages tend to have a weekly open-air market(often on Saturday mornings),while in larger towns and cities,expect additional market days,as well as big supermarkets.

　　Markets also sell amazing,wallet-friendly souvenirs.Think about sea salt,local spices or sauces,and regional oils and vinegar.Eatable gifts are almost always appreciated,saving you the stress of finding the “perfect” gift for each person on your list.

　　1.The passage aims to tell the readers how to 　. 

　　A.take a plane without waiting for long

　　B.spend your holidays abroad economically

　　C.eat in a pricey restaurant at the smallest expense

　　D.save money to buy eatable gifts in a foreign market

　　2.What does the underlined word “perk” in the passage mean?

　　A.Special benefit. B.Strict standard.

　　C.Common scene. D.Extra trouble.

　　3.Which of the following will best help you save time and money?

　　A.Choosing a bigger airport.

　　B.Visiting local markets.

　　C.Having dinner at the hotel.

　　D.Taking an express train.

　　4.What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A.Having coffee at a café will cost more money.

　　B.Souvenirs bought at local markets are expensive.

　　C.You will run out of your money if you eat out.

　　D.Markets help you understand your tourist destination.

　　##

　　A

　　1.B　正误判断题。从第一段中的 “The word caught the attention of the dictionary’s editing team after BBC’s recent program on influential Chinese words.” 可知,B项正确。

　　2.A　语意推断题。根据第二段的第一句及第二句中的 “rich people” 和 “in China’s countryside ” 判断,这里说的是有钱人在农村指手画脚,发号施令,因此选A项。

　　3.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “The word became more popular in September with the launch of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone” 可知,选D项。

　　4.A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国的流行语 “土豪” 可能会被《牛津英语词典》收录,因此选A项。

　　B

　　【语篇导读】这是一篇科普文。研究人员发现,同时做很多事情的人做事不专一,不仅会导致事倍功半,而且还会影响人们的社交与情感健康。

　　1.D　细节理解题。关于同时做很多事,第二段说在有些情况下,比如在数码领域里做生意(doing business in the digital world)是无害的,因此选D项。文章说同时做很多事会影响我们在人际交往和情感方面的健康(A项错),会使我们记性更差(B项错),一位叫Todd的作家说这样可能会使我们失去一位未来一代伟大的思想家(C项错)。

　　2.B　推理判断题。由第一段第二句可知,这个想法实际上害人不浅,因此B项正确;从第二段可知A、C两项错误,因为multitasking有时是无害的,有时则会妨碍我们;第二段最后一句通过打比方的方式告诉我们,这样会使事情做得更慢(D项错)。

　　3.C　推理判断题。从本题四个选项的陈述看,A、B、D三项都是专心做一件事,C项说办公桌上放着各种没有完工的项目的文件,这里的various unfinished projects属于multitasking。故选C项。

　　4.A　主旨大意题。全文通过斯坦福大学一位教授的话告诉我们,同时做很多事不仅不能提高工作效率,反而对我们的健康不利,因此A项“角色转换越少,做得就越好”是本文的主题。

　　C

　　【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文,介绍了一些经济实惠的出国旅游技巧。

　　1.B　主旨大意题。文章第一段指出“有了这些简单的技巧,你就可以享受无忧无虑的暑假”,接下来文章给出了一些外出旅游时的经济实惠的方法,故B项正确。

　　2.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词的前一句“Flying into a less popular one can result in cheaper tickets.”可知,到备用机场乘坐飞机,票价会更便宜,这显然是一个益处;再根据后一句“Shorter check-in and security lines,and less waiting around.”可知,这也是一个益处,故可推断A项正确。

　　3.D　细节理解题。根据第二条建议“Use Public Transportation for City Travel to Save Time and Money”可知,使用公共交通工具去城市旅游可以节约时间和金钱,紧接着以伦敦希斯罗机场的特快列车为例,故D项正确。

　　4.D　推理判断题。根据第四条建议中的第一句“Much like reading the local newspaper,visiting a market gives context to a foreign country.”可知,就好像阅读当地的报纸一样,去市场有助于你了解这个地方,故D项正确。