2016届高考英语二轮语法专项复习课件：专题6 情态动词与虚拟语气（新人教版）

　　一 二 三 一、考查情态动词的基本含义和用法 (一)can与could 1.表示能力,could主要指过去的能力,表示“过去有能力成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to。 The little boy can speak two foreign languages. Could the girl read before she went to school? Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out. 2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上,并不涉及此事真的发生),常译为“往往会,有时候可能会”,常用于肯定句中。 Accidents can happen on rainy days. 3.表示请求和允许。在问句中could比can语气要委婉。 You can go back home now. 一 二 三 4.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 How can you be so careless? 5.表示推测,常用于否定句和疑问句中,语气较强。 He can’t be in the classroom;the light is not on. 6.cannot/never...too/enough...表示“再……也不为过”。 You can never be too careful when driving a car. 7.cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。 You cannot choose but go with me. 一 二 三 (二)shall 1.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等;此外,颁布法律、规定时也用shall。 The new law shall come into effect next month. 2.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。 Shall the man standing outside have a try? 一 二 三 (三)must 1.表示主观上的“必须,应该”,其否定形式mustn’t表示禁止。对比:have to表示客观上的“不得不”,可用于各种时态。 You must listen carefully in class.Students mustn’t play with mobile phones in class. I had lost my key,so I had to wait outdoors. 2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。 Why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping? 3.表示对具体事情的推测,意为“一定,肯定”,语气较强,只用于肯定句中。 He must come from America. 一 二 三 (四)should 1.表示义务,常译为“应该”,用于各种人称。 Parents should take care of their babies. 2.表示预测可能性,译为“可能,(按道理)应该”,多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。 It’s nearly 8 o’clock.He should be here at the moment. 3.表示惊讶、意外等,常译为“竟然,居然”。 I am surprised that you should speak ill of me. 4.用在if条件句中,表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气,常译为“如果”。 If I should see him,I would tell him the news. 一 二 三 (五)will与would 1.表示意愿,用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿。 If you will read the book,I’ll give it to you. 2.表示请求,用于疑问句中。would语气较委婉。 Will you close the window? 3.表示某种倾向或习惯性动作,常译为“总是,惯于”。would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,后面接表示动作的动词,不能接表示状态的词。对比:used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态,强调现在已不存在。 He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours. 一 二 三 (六)may与might 1.表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气委婉。 You may use my bike. 2.表示推测,常用于陈述句中,语气比较弱,把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。

　　He may go out. 3.may as well+动词原形,意为“最好,倒不如……”。 You may as well do it at once. 4.may well+动词原形,意为“完全能,很可能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight. 5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。 May you return in safety. 一 二 三 (七)need与dare 1.二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词。当作情态动词时,后面要接动词原形,通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作行为动词时,其变化和一般的动词相同,有人称和数的变化,构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do,does,did。dare用作行为动词,用于否定句和疑问句时,常省略后面的to。 You needn’t hurry;he needs to dress up. The little didn’t dare (to) go out at night alone. 2.need作行为动词时,若主语为动作的承受者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired. 3.I dare say为习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。 I dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner. 一 二 三 二、考查“情态动词+have done”的用法 1.表示后怕、责备或遗憾 一 二 三 2.表示对过去事实的推断 一 二 三 三、了解虚拟语气的基本知识 1.虚拟条件句 一 二 三 例如: We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间,就和你一起去。 If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams. 如果你早听了我的建议,你考试就能通过了。 If it should rain this afternoon,the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨,篮球比赛就延期举行。

　　(1)错综时间条件句 在句子If you had worked hard yesterday,you would be tired now.(如果你昨天工作很辛苦的话,那你现在就会很疲劳。)中,主句的动作和从句的动作发生的时间不一致。 (2)如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should,有时可把if省略,将were/had/should提至主语之前,形成倒装句;但否定形式的not不可提到主语前。 一 二 三 2.含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without等介词或副词来表示虚拟条件。有时亦可用分词短语或者名词短语来代替条件状语从句,要注意对语气的判断。例如: I would have come sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. 我本该早一些到,但我不知道他们在等我。 Born in better times(=If he had born in better times),he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在更好的时代,他早就成为学者了。 A few hours earlier(=If you had come a few hours earlier),you would have been able to meet the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时,你就能见到这位著名的作家了。 一 二 三 3.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用 (1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词构成形式为: 过去时:表示现在不可能实现的愿望 过去完成时:表示过去不可能实现的愿望 could/would/might+动词原形:表示将来不可能实现的愿望 例如: I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 我希望我是只小鸟,能在天空自由飞翔。 一 二 三 (2)在主语从句中,下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。 ① “It is+形容词+that...”句型。常见的形容词有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing 等。如: It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language. 我们掌握一门外语是有必要的。 ② “It is +名词+that...”句型。常见的名词有advice,suggestion,proposal(提议,建议),requirement,desire,order等。如: It was a pity that you should be so careless. 你这么粗心真是可惜。 一 二 三 ③ “It is+动词的过去分词+ that...”句型。常见的动词有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,require 等。如: It was ordered that parking (should) not be allowed in front of the building. 规定楼前不准停车。 (3)在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有:insist,urge,order,command,request,demand,require,suggest,advise,propose,recommend等。如: She suggested we (should)leave here at once. 她建议我们马上离开。 一 二 三

　　insist/suggest 各有两种意思,要用不同的语气。 insist 表示“坚决要求”时,用虚拟形式,即 should+do;表示“坚称,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表示事实。 suggest 表示“建议”时,用虚拟形式;表示“表明,暗示”时,用陈述语气。 Her pale face suggested that she was ill,and her parents suggested that she have a medical examination. 她苍白的脸色说明她病了,她的父母建议她做个医疗检查。 He insisted that she was seriously ill and that (should) be sent to hospital at once. 他坚称她得了重病,并且坚决要求她应马上被送往医院。 一 二 三 (4)在含有advice,order,demand,proposal(提议),requirement,suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如: My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。 He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他要求她立刻离开这个地方。 (5)would rather后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。其谓语动词构成形式为: 一般过去时:表示对现在或将来的情况的虚拟 过去完成时:表示对过去的情况的虚拟 George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I’d rather he focused more on its culture. 乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况,但是我宁愿他更多地关注它的文化。 一 二 三 4.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法 在“It is (high/about) time (that)...句型”中,定语从句的谓语动词用过去式,或用should+动词原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”,用来表示提议。 It is (high) time that you went to school.你该去上学了。 5.as if/as though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气。 He stood up and offered her his seat,as if he had read her mind. 他站起来给她让座,他好像读懂了她的心思。 一 二 三 6.在if only引导的感叹句中,常用虚拟语气,表示愿望,意为“要是……就好了”。If only+句子相当于How I wish+that从句。

　　Look at the trouble we’re in.If only we had taken our teacher’s advice! 看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了! Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ.完成句子(高考真题变式训练) 1.People are recycling many things which they 　

　　(throw) away in the past!  2.　I have a word with you?It won’t take long.  3.Although you 　find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.  4.　there no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.  5.If Mr Dewey 　

　　(be) present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.  6.—I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. —Do you mean we

　　　bring anything with us?  would have thrown

　　Can　

　　can

　　Were

　　had been

　　needn’t

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ 7.It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves,　 bring me food.  8.Life is unpredictable;even the poorest 　become the richest.  9.We would rather our daughter 　(stay) at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer.  10.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother 　take me to Disneyland at weekends.  should　

　　might　

　　stayed　

　　would

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ.单句改错 1.If only he lay quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.   2.How I wish every family has a large house with a beautiful garden!   3.I insisted he went to see a doctor,but he insisted nothing was wrong with him.   4.—Your aunt invites you to the movies today. —I would rather she will tell me tomorrow than today.   5.—Would you have called her up? —Yes,but I had been busy doing my homework.   答案:lay→had lain　

　　答案:has→had

　　答案:went→go/should go

　　答案:will tell→told　

　　答案:had been→was　

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ 6.It got its name from the wooden wall that was used to stand where the street now runs.   7.I picked up this book from a second-hand bookshop if you should know.   8.If you won’t do as I tell you,you can’t get the chance to be promoted because the competition is just too fierce.   9.Martin hasn’t been in touch with me for ages.He mustn’t get my new cellphone number.   10.The door couldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed.   答案:去掉was　

　　答案:should→must　

　　答案:can’t→shan’t

　　答案:mustn’t→can’t

　　答案:couldn’t→wouldn’t

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