2016年高考英语二轮复习课件：必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars（新人教版）

　　Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 即境活用完成句子 ①The new building is four times higher(是……的四倍高)than the old one.  ②Asia is four times as large(四倍大)as Europe.  ③My house is twice the size of(两倍大)my parents’.  ④The production now is three times what it was ten years ago(是十年前的三倍).  Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 即境活用单句改错 ⑤You may depend on that we shall always help you.   答案:on后加it ⑥We really appreciate it that she offered to help.   答案:that→when ⑦I think it no need talk about it with them.   答案:talk→talking ⑧We took for granted that they would accept our advice.   答案:took后加it Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅰ.读单词

　　积累词汇 1.system n.系统;体系;制度 2.atmosphere n.大气层;气氛 3.unlike prep.不同;不像 4.fundamental adj.基本的,基础的 5.gravity n.万有引力 6.climate n.气候 7.crash vi.& vt.碰撞;坠毁 8.pull n.拉力;拖;牵引力　vt.拉;拖 9.float vi.& vt.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮　n.漂浮物 10.globe n.球体;地球仪;地球→ global adj.全球的;全世界的 11.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→ violence n.暴力→ violently adv.猛烈地 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 12.puzzle n.谜;难题　vt.& vi.(使)迷惑,(使)为难→puzzled adj.困惑的;迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的,费解的 13.harmful adj.有害的→ harm n.危害;害处→ harmless adj.无害的 14.exist vi.存在;生存→ existence n.存在;生存 15.biology n.生物学→ biologist n.生物学家→ biological adj.生物的;生物学的 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ 1.chain n.连锁店;连锁集团 e.g.a large supermarket chain一家大型连锁超市 2.multiply v.繁殖;滋生 e.g.These creatures can multiply quickly.这些动物能迅速繁殖。 3.exhaust v.详尽地讨论;详尽无遗地论述 e.g.I think we’ve just about exhausted that subject. 我认为我们对那一问题已差不多是言无不尽了。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ unlike一词中,un-为前缀,常加在形容词、副词、分词、 动词和名词之前。一者表示否定意义,二者可以表示相反的动作。课标词汇中含有该前缀的还有:unable,unbearable,unbelievable,uncertain,uncomfortable,unconditional,unconscious,uncover,undo,undoubtedly,uneasy,unemployed,unexpected,unfair,unfit,unfortunate,unhappy,unhealthy,unknown,unlikely,unnecessary,unpleasant,unrest,unusual,unwilling等。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅱ.背短语

　　活学活用 1.cheer up 感到高兴 2.now that 既然 3.break out 突发;爆发 4.give birth to 产生;分娩 5.lay eggs 下蛋 6.prevent...from... 阻止;制止 7.watch out 当心;密切注视  8.get the hang of 熟悉;掌握  9.block out 挡住(光线)  10.in one’s turn 轮到某人;接着  Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅲ.赏佳句

　　思维提优 1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.(教材原句,P25) 2.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.(教材原句,P25) 3.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.(教材原句,P26) 4.We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull.(教材原句,P30) 5.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(教材原句,P31) 6....walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(教材原句,P31) Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 1.lay　vt.put (sth/sb) in a certain position or on a surface 放置;安放;搁 spread sth (on sth);cover or coat sth with sth 摊开,涂,敷 put (sth) in the correct position for a particular purpose铺,铺设,铺放 (of birds,insects,etc.) produce (eggs) (指鸟、虫等)产(卵) ①They produced young generally by laying eggs.(教材原句,P26)  它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。 ②I laid my book aside,turned off the light and went to sleep. 我把书放在一边,关了灯睡觉。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5

　　注意下列词形变化: lay—laid—laid—laying放置;产卵 lie—lay—lain—lying躺;位于 lie—lied—lied—lying撒谎 即境活用完成句子 ③That factory laid off 1,000 workers.  那家工厂解雇了1,000多名工人。 ④My canary has laid an egg.  我的金丝雀生了一个蛋。 ⑤My job is to lay out the text and graphics on the page.  我的工作是设计页面上的正文和图表。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 2.exist　vi.to be real;to happen or be present in a particular situation or place存在;生存 ①They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.(教材原句,P26) 它们也下蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 ②New companies come into existence every year.  每年都有新的公司开业。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 即境活用完成句子 ③They can’t exist on the money he’s earning.  他们靠他挣的那点钱无法维持生活。 ④There exists a good way to solve the existing problem in geography.  有一个解决现存地理问题的好办法。 ⑤As is known to us,China came into existence as an independent country in 1949.  众所周知,在1949年中国以一个独立的国家存在了。 ⑥In my view,new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.(2017安徽卷) 在我看来,新的建筑风格可以和旧的风格和谐共存。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 3.pull　n.& vt.an act of using/to use force to move something towards you or in the same direction that you are moving拉(力);拖;牵引力 ①As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.(教材原句,P30)  随着火箭的升空,由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力,我们被向后推在座位上。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 即境活用完成句子 ②The doctor said I was not going to pull through.(北师大①—2)  医生说,我将无法康复了。 ③The tides depend on the pull of the moon.  潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果。 ④The cinema she used to visit had been pulled down.  她常去的那家电影院已经被拆除了。 ⑤After the shock of their electoral defeat,the party really began to pull together.  该党在受到选举失败的打击之后,才真正地开始团结起来。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 4.in time ①They were in time to produce carbon,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.(教材原句,P25)  最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 即境活用完成句子 ②These days,Roy and I see each other from time to time,but we’re no longer close.(外研⑥—3)  近些天来,罗伊和我时常见面,但是不再像以前那样亲密了。 ③Don’t try to do everything at once;take it a bit at a time.  不要什么事情都一块儿干,要一次做一点儿。 ④Will I be in time for the train/to catch the train?  我赶得上那趟火车吗? ⑤My flight was delayed,so I killed time reading a book.  我的班机误点了,我只好看书消磨时间。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 5.prevent...from... 防止某事发生 ①They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.(教材原句,P26) 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 即境活用完成句子 ②Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search.(2017江西卷) 危险区域并没有阻止他继续调查研究。 ③Can’t you stop your son from getting into trouble? 你能不能制止你儿子别惹上麻烦? ④You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold. 你需要穿暖些以免着凉。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 6.break out 突发;爆发 ①We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.(教材原句,P31)  我们惊奇地看着,随着地球的引力增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 6 1 2 3 4 5 即境活用用介副词填空 ②He broke the bar of chocolate into two (pieces). 他把巧克力掰成了两半。 ③The prisoner broke away from his guards.  囚犯从看守者手中逃脱了。 ④The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统失灵了。 ⑤Rioting broke out between rival groups of fans. 双方球迷之间发生了骚乱。 ⑥It’s the last week before they break up,and they’re doing all kinds of Christmas things. 这是放假前的最后一周,他们正在为圣诞节做各种准备。 ⑦Please don’t break in on our conversation. 请别打断我们的谈话。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 1.What it was to become (become) was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.(教材原句,P25)  2....but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.(教材原句,P31)  3....I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.(教材原句,P31)  4.This produced a chain reaction,which made it possible for life to develop.(教材原句,P26)  Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 1.be to do sth. Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 即境活用同义句改写 ①You are to help Mary when she is in trouble.(用情态动词改写句子) You should help Mary when she is in trouble.  ②The president is to visit China.(用be going to 改写句子) The president is going to visit China.  ③ How am I to know what has become of him?(用情态动词改写句子) How can I know what has become of him?  Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 2.as...as...比较级结构 Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解

　　(1)当语境背景谈的是同一个人或事物在某两个不同的方面进行比较时,as...as...结构的用法与both...and...相似,通常可译为“既……又……”。如: He was as sensitive as he was obstinate. 他既敏感又固执。 (2)当语境背景谈的是两个不同的人或事物在某两个不同的方面进行比较时,as...as...结构的用法与whereas相似,通常可译为“而”。如: He is as kind as his sister is honest. 他的妹妹很诚实,而他则很和蔼可亲。 (3)用于as...as possible 与 as...as one can结构时,通常可译为“尽量、尽可能、拼命地”。如: I want it (to be) done as quickly as possible. 我希望这件事尽快做好。 Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 即境活用汉译英 ①你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。 You’ve made as many mistakes as I have.  ②她和她妈妈一样是位好老师。 She is as good a teacher as her mother.  ③我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。 I haven’t got as much money as I thought.  Ⅰ Ⅱ 回扣教材 句式精解 3.倍数表达法