英语词法专题讲座九:时态及语态
一.被动语态的时态:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态:
am /is/ are +动词的过去分词
2. 一般过去时的被动语态:
was /were +动词的过去分词
3. 一般将来时的被动语态:
will be +动词的过去分词
4. 现在进行时的被动语态:
am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词
5. 现在完成时的被动语态:
have /has +been +动词的过去分词
6. 情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词 + be +动词的过去分词
二.主动语态变被动语态的变法:
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓变be done , 时不变,数格必须随被变。
备注:
1. 主动、被动的时态要一致。
2. 主动、被动的句式要一致。
3. 变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。
三.特殊情况的被动语态:
1. 带双宾语的被动语态:
动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)
口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。
1). give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth
或 sth +be given +to sb .
2). buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth
或 sth +be bought +for sb
He gave me a book
I ______ ______ a book by him.
A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .
My mother made me a cake .
I ____ _____ a cake by my mother
A cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .
2. 带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .
口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去,被动语态to回来。
动词:make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch
make sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sth
The boss made the workers work all day
The workers ____ ____ ____ work all day by the boss.
3. 在see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时,doing 不变。
I heard Tom singing just now
Tom _____ _____ _____ by me just now .
4. 以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时,不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
We should take care of the old .
The old should ______ _____ _____ _____ .
四.注意事项:
1. 有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态:
last, have, own …..belong to, suit…fine,
2. 不及物动词是没有被动语态:
happen, take place, appear, hold (容纳)
3. 系动词是没有被动语态:
Look, feel, sound, smell, taste ….
The dish tastes good .
4. 有些词组没有被动语态:
sell well, write well, ride well, drive well
This kind of skirt sells well.
5. need表示需要时,后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义,相当于to be done .
All the computers need repairing.
=All the computers need _____ _____ _____ .
6. 在too…to…及enough to …结构中有时表示被动意义。
The problem is too difficult to solve.
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