英语词法专题讲座十二:主谓一致
一.就近原则
1. 由并列结构或连词(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)连接的并列主语,谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中,谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk.
There ______(come) the bus.
3. 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语,其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。
I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father.
4. 在强调句中,连接代词又在句中作主语,这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.
二.意义一致原则
1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with,with,as well as,together with, besides,except, but, including等短语时,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month.
2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。
What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”.
3. “…+ (of) +名词”作主语时,若“of”后的名词为单数(不可数名词),则谓语动词用单数,如果名词为复数,则谓语动词用复数。
Most of the water here ______(be) clean.
80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America.
Half of the apples ______(be) red.
4. 词组“a number of”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数;“the number of”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war.
The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year.
5. 英语的集体名词(family,
public,
group,
team,
class等词),指代“整体”时为单数;指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。
My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl.
My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming.
三.整体原则
1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。
When to leave _____(have) not been decided.
Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.
注:如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句,谓语动词常用复数。
What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night .
2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时,谓语动词须用单数。
The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year.
The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year.
3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时,通常被视作整体,谓语动词用单数。
10 minutes_____(be)enough.
4. 加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。
2 and 3 ______5.
5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China.
四.个体原则
1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
Every man and every woman _____(be) busy at working.
2. 英语句中的each, either, neither等词,作代词充当主语,修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Neither of us _____(have) been abroad.
Neither answer _____(be) wrong.
3. 由some, any every, no构成的复合词(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Somebody ______(be)waiting for you at the school gate.
4. 成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses,shoes,trousers,pants,gloves等)作主语时,通常谓语动词用复数,但前面有a /the pair of;a /the suit of等词语时,则谓语动词要与量词(pair, suit, piece )在单复数上保持一致。
A pair of scissors_______(be) useful tool for a dressmaker.
Two pieces of paper ______(be ) on the desk.
5. 以复数形式出现,却表示单数意义(maths, physics, news …)谓语用单数。
Maths_____(be) my favorite subject.
6.“the +形容词(old /young /rich /poor )”表示“一类人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
The young ______(like) listening to popular songs.
7.“the +姓氏的复数”
表示“某某夫妇,某某一家人”,作主语时,谓语用复数。
The Greens _______(be)having lunch now.
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