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2016届高考英语二轮词法专题讲座素材:3 代词

发布时间:2017-03-31  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  英语词法专题讲座三:代词

  一.人称代词:

  单数 复数

  主格 宾格 主格 宾格

  第一人称 I me we us

  第二人称 you you you you

  第三人称 it/she/he it/her/him they them

  1. 主格作主语, 宾格作动词或介词的宾语.

  He teaches ______(we) Chinese.

  2. 三种人称代词并列时, 顺序为:

  单数: 二, 三, 一 (You, she and I )

  复数: 一, 二, 三 (we, you and they )

  注: 若把责任担, 第一人称最当先, (即若做错事时, 把第一人称放在最前面.)

  She and I have been to Beijing .

  Who broke the window ? I and Mike .

  注:it 还有一些特别的用法。

  1)用作形式主语, 常用于 “It’s +adj +to do sth”句型中.

  2) 用在句型: “It seems that …”中.

  3) 用在句型: “It’s one’s turn to do sth”中.

  4) 用在句型: “It’s time to do sth / for sth”中.

  5) 用在句型: “It’s +adj +that 从句”中.

  6) 用作形式宾语, 用来代替动词不定式. make /think /feel/find + it + adj (名词)+ to do sth .

  二. 物主代词.

  第一人称 第二人称 第三人称

  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数

  形容词性 my our your your its/his/her their

  名词性 mine ours yours yours its/his/hers theirs

  形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前,不能单独使用。

  名词性的物主代词,后面不能加名词。名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。

  Our classroom is as big as ______(they).

  This is a friend of ______(my).

  注: 1) 名词性的物主代词相当于形容词性的物主代词加一个名词.

  (名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词)

  2) 形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.

  My own house = a house of my own

  三. 反身代词

  单数 复数

  第一人称 myself

  ourselves

  第二人称 yourself yourselves

  第三人称 himself/herself/itself themselves

  记忆小窍门:

  反身代词有规律, 第三人称宾格加self. 其余都要物主加self, 复数ves来把f替.

  反身代词的常用搭配:

  enjoy oneself

  hurt oneself

  teach oneself

  = learn…by oneslf

  all by oneself

  help oneself to …

  look after oneself

  leave sb by oneself

  lose oneself in

  say to oneself

  for oneself

  dress oneself

  improve oneself

  see oneself

  in the mirror

  四. 指示代词

  1. 近指: this

  these

  远指: that

  those

  2. 用法:

  1) that

  those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物, 以避免重复. That代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. Those 代替复数名词.

  The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai .

  The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop.

  A.this

  B.that

  C.one

  D.those

  2) this, that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分, that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子.

  He had a bad cold , that is why he didn’t come .

  3) 在电话用语中, this 代替自己, 而that 代替对方.

  This is Tom speaking.

  Who is that ?

  五. 不定代词的区别.

  1. one与it 的区别

  One 代替同类事物中的一种. 而it代替上文中出现的某事物.

  This book is a good one. May I borrow it ?

  2. some与any 的区别

  一般情况下, some用于肯定句, any用于否定,疑问句, 条件句中. 但在表建议的疑问句中, 仍用some 代any. 常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。

  May I have some water ?

  He asked me for some paper, but I didn’t have any .

  3. many与much的区别

  Many+可数名词的复数

  Much+不可数名词

  都相当于 a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词

  注: a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .

  4. a few /few /a little /little 的区别

  表否定(几乎没有) 表肯定(有一点/几个)

  修饰可数名词 few a few

  修饰不可数名词 little a little

  The story is easy to read. there are _____ new words in it .

  Hurry up ! There is _____ time left .

  5. each / every 的区别

  each 表示两者或两者以上的人或物中的每一个. 而every 表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的每一个.

  There are trees and flowers on _____ side of the street .

  ______ student has read a story .

  注: each 可以与of 连用, each of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 而every 不能与of 连用. 只能放在名词前作定语.

  Each of us _______(study )hard .

  6. no one 与none 的区别

  no one 表示没有人, 不能与of 连用. 而none of +复数名词/ 代词,作主语时,谓语常用单数。

  The boys were all tired , but _____ of them stopped to have a rest .

  7. both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别

  都 都不 任何一个

  两者之间 both neither either

  三者或三者以上 all none any

  There are many trees on ____ side of the river.

  A. both

  B.any

  C. Either

  D. all

  注: 1). both 的否定词是neither, all的否定词是none.

  2). both of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.

  neither of作主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

  Neither of the answers ______(be) right .

  Both of my parents _______(be) workers.

  3). 词组

  A) both …and …连接两个主语时, 谓语动词用复数. 同义词组: not only …but also …

  反义词组: neither … nor …

  Not only you but also she likes watching TV.= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.= You like watching TV, _____ _____ she .

  B) either …or … 或者……或者…… , neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时, 谓语动词实行就近原则.

  Neither you nor he ______ (be ) right.

  One of Lily and Lucy is going to the park. = _____ Lily _____Lucy _____ going to the park.

  C) either 也可用于否定句中的 “也”

  D) neither 也可表示 “ 也不”

  句型: neither … sb

  某人也不怎么样.

  If you don’t go there , _____ _____ I . (我也不去)

  4) how many /how much 的回答: 用none回答.

  Who 的回答: 用no one 回答.

  What 的回答: 用nothing 回答.

  How many students are there in the classroom ? __________.

  Who can answer the question ? _______.

  A. None

  B. No one

  C. Nothing

  8. other /the other /others /the others 的区别

  (空)后面没有名词 (空)后面有名词

  有数量限制(特指) the others the other

  没有数量限制(泛指) others other

  注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……

  2) some… others…

  表示一些…… 一些……

  3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.

  但 another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词

  表示 “ 另外几个……”

  Would you like ______ apple ?

  I have two brothers, one is a teacher, _________ is a worker .

  Some are cleaning the classroom, ______ are sweeping the window .

  There are 20 teachers in our school. Eight of them are men teachers, and _____ are women teachers.

  everyone

  每个,人人,大家 不与of 连用

  every one 每个人、物 可与of 连用

  9.

  Every one of us has seen the film .

  Everyone should do their best .

  10. 复合不定代词.

  some any

  no every

  thing something anything nothing everything

  one someone anyone no one everyone

  body somebody anybody nobody everybody

  注:“任何……/任何物/任何人”

  Everything ______(begin ) to grow in spring, _______ _______ ?

  Is there ___________(一些有趣的事)in today’s newpaper ?

  I want something ________ (eat ).

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