2016届高考英语（新课标全国卷Ⅰ）二轮复习课件：专题8 特殊句式

　　1．省略 (1)状语从句的省略：当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。 Although small，the company has about 1，000 buyers in over 30 countries.这家公司虽然小，但它在30多个国家有大约1 000个客户。 (2)不定式的省略： ①在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。否定形式的省略用not to。但如果省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，通常保留这些词。 ②but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。 ③help后接不定式作宾语或宾补时,可省略 to,也可不省略。 If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。 They did nothing but watch TV last night. 他们昨晚除了看电视什么都没做。 2．感叹句 感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型： (1)What＋ a/an＋ 形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ (2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！

　　(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！

　　(4)How＋主语＋谓语！ What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I’ve never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 3．祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you,但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t,也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常见句型： (1)祈使句＋and＋简单句 “如果……就……” (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋简单句 “……否则……” (3)名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句 “如果再……就……” One more day，and I’ll get everything ready. 再多给我一天，我就会把任何事情准备好。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．(2015·高考北京卷，单项填空，改编)If ____________

　　(accept)for the job，you’ll be informed soon. 2．(2017·高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)—I spent two weeks in London last summer. —Then you must have visited the British Museum during

　　your stay，____________ you? accepted didn’t Ⅱ.单句改错 (2015·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)Always to keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. ________________ 去掉第一个to 本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题8　特殊句式 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题8　特殊句式 命题分析 专题8　特殊句式 语篇型语法填空题对特殊句式的考查较少，但部分倒装结构中助动词、系动词的使用以及强调句的it和连接词that会是高考考查的重点。此外，书面表达中强调句和倒装句的合理使用可以提升文章的表达档次。 1．(2015·高考重庆卷，单项填空，改编)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century____________his musical gift was fully recognized. 2．(2016·安徽合肥名校联考改编)It was not the word you said ____________angered Mr.Zhang，but how you said it. 3．(2015·陕西质量检测)It is your attitude towards it ____________matters.We should take the advantages and avoid some bad effects. 考点一　强调句型 that that that 1．强调句的基本结构及用法 (1)基本句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who... It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。 (强调方式状语) (2017·高考福建卷，单项填空，改编)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。(强调主语) (2)一般疑问句形式： Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他？ (2017·高考四川卷，单项填空，改编)Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry？是因为杰克上学迟到使史密斯先生生气的吗？ (3)特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？ When was it that he made up his mind to take this course？他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ 易错警示 如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。 He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。  (4)含有not...until...的强调句型：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that... It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。 2．强调谓语动词 强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do，does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school.家里的确设法让他上技术学校。 单句语法填空 1．(2015·湖南衡阳一联)It was in the final days of my

　　husband’s life，as I sat by his bed，____________I tried to memorize his loving hands. 2．(2015·南阳一中二模)It is only in the last few years __________freeflying has gained any real public acceptance. 3．(2015·石家庄二模)On receiving my learner’s permit a

　　couple of months ago，I started driving lessons straight

　　away.However，it wasn’t until two days ago____________ Dad finally allowed me to drive on the motorway. that that that 1．(2015·高考天津卷，单项填空，改编) Only when Lily

　　walked into the office____________she realize that she had

　　left the contract at home.

　　2．(2017·高考陕西卷，单项填空，改编)No sooner ____________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause. 考点二　倒装句 did had 一、部分倒装 部分倒装是指把谓语的一部分(助动词、系动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。这类句型主要有以下几种形式： 1．当否定词或带有否定意义的词或短语位于句首时，常用部分倒装。这类词或短语有：little，few，never，seldom，rarely，by no means，not only，not until，at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，in no way，no sooner，hardly，scarcely等。 Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 直到他经历了真正的困难，他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重 要性。 Not only will help be given to people to find jobs，but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些有需要的人提供医疗保健服务。 2．当only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，用部分倒装。 (2017·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你找到内心的平静时你才能与他人保持良好的关系。 3．so/neither/nor置于句首时，用部分倒装。 (1)“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物，意为“……也是如此”。 —I’ve

　　got an enormous amount of work to do. ——我有大量的作业要做。 —So have I. ——我也如此。 (2)“neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物，意为“……也不这样”。 This is not my story，nor is it the whole story.My story plays out differently. 这并不是(关于)我的故事，它也不是故事的全部。我的故事的结局是不同的。 4．在so/such...that...结构中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时，用部分倒装。 (2015·杭州五校第一次联考)So suddenly did he catch the disease that the whole family were at a great loss.他突然患 病，全家人全然不知所措。 5．在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，当从句的表语/状语/动词位于句首时，用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。 (2015·天津六校第一次联考)Hard as they tried，they couldn’t make her change her mind. 尽管他们尽力了，但他们还是没能让她改变主意。 6．在非真实条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had，were，should提到主语前面。 Should he (＝If he should)come，tell him to ring me up.如果他来了，告诉他给我打电话。 二、完全倒装 完全倒装是指将谓语动词完全提到主语之前。 1．表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，句子需用完全倒装。此 时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。 The moment the bell rang，out rushed the children. 铃一响，孩子们冲了出去。 易错警示 主语为人称代词时，则不倒装。 The moment the bell rang，out they rushed. 铃一响，他们冲了出去。  2．当地点状语位于句首时，且主语是名词，谓语动词是不及物动词，为了避免头重脚轻，句子需进行完全倒装。 (2015·长沙二模)Next door to ours live a foreign couple，who seem to have settled into life in China.我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇，他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。 3．有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短 语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语＋系动词＋ 主语”的完全倒装结构。 Present at the party were Mr.Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生，还有许多别的宾客。 单句语法填空 1．(2015·福建4月检测)Only when she began to write Growing Up Again ____________she regret ignoring her mum.

　　2．The headmaster will not permit the change in the course；nor____________he even give it a thought. did will 1．(2015·河北邢台高三摸底考试)Officer：Madam，there ____________(be) signs that say what the speed limit is. 2．(2015·河南洛阳第二次统考)“An apple a day keeps the

　　doctor away.”also____________(show) a healthy everyday

　　habit helps to build up our body. 3．(2017·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)All we need ____________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant

　　various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons

　　of the year. 考点三　主谓一致 are shows is 4．The famous musician，as well as his students， ____________(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2017 Taipei Flower Expo. was invited 1．语法一致原则 主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，is going to visit Beijing this summer.史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。 I think Tom，rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。 2．就近一致原则 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引导的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil－box. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 3．意义一致原则 (1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，谓语动词用单数。 A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on. 针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝上。 (2)“no/each/every/many a ＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用 单数。 Every man and every woman has a good reason

　　to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 (3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用 单数。 To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是一个好习惯。 单句语法填空 1．(2016·安徽安庆联考)Making a speech in front of a crowd

　　of people____________(be) not his strength，but he makes up

　　for it with his heart and efforts. 2．(2015·郑州质量检测)More than one picture____________ (show) that over 70% of the island____________(be) covered by water. 3．I，who____________(be) your best friend，will surely

　　stand on your side. is shows is am 技法1　熟记句型结构，轻松定答案 常考的特殊句式都有一定的规律和句式结构，只要平时记住这些规律和特征，便可轻松确定答案。比如强调句基本结构 为：“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”，其判断方法 为：若去掉It is/was和that/who之后，句子仍完整，则题干为强调句。

　　(2017·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)It’s not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do__________ makes life happy. 【解析】　句意：使生活变得快乐的不是做喜欢做的事情，而是乐于做我们不得不做的事情。将It’s及设空处去掉，题干则可还原成：Not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do makes life happy.句子结构及意义依然 完整，可判断本句为强调句型，故填that。 that 技法2　巧用还原法，化难为易 对于一些特殊的句型，一般情况下，考生可以把它还原为正 常句型，如把倒装语序还原为正常语序，把省略句补全等 等，便能大大降低解题难度。

　　(2015·日照检测)At the top of the hill__________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. 【解析】　当介词短语置于句首时，主句应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后， 还原成正常语序：An old cottage____________(lie) at the top

　　of the hill.句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老 小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在 时，故填lies。 lies 1．(2017·高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编) Children，when

　　____________(accompany) by their parents，are allowed to

　　enter the stadium.

　　2．(2015·青岛检测)The driver wanted to park his car near

　　the roadside but was asked by the police ____________. 3．Don’t do that again____________you’ll be in trouble. 考点四　其他特殊句式 accompanied not to or 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题8　特殊句式 栏目导引 专题强 化训练 专题8　特殊句式