2016届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破：第4节 介词和连词（北师大版）

　　第四节　介词和连词

　　考点一

　　常见介词的用法

　　against，beyond，by，for，with，without，over，in，on，at，across，through等介词是常考的介词，它们大部分都有多层含义，全面掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面就几个含义较多、掌握较难的介词做一下介绍。

　　1．against意为“反对；对抗；违背；逆着；倚、靠；以……为背景”。

　　She fell down and hit her head against the ground.

　　她倒了下来，头撞在了地上。

　　The picture shows up well against the white wall.

　　这幅画在这白壁的衬托之下很显眼。

　　2．beyond意为“在……的另一边；超出；非……所能及”。

　　He is such a naughty boy and is beyond my control.

　　他是个顽皮的孩子，我实在无法管教。

　　Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock at night.

　　晚上10 点以后不要在外面逗留。

　　3．by意为“在……旁边；到……为止；按照；按……计算数量、报酬等；通过……方式；以……的幅度”。

　　I can see by the expression on your face that you are in trouble.

　　从你脸上的表情，我可以看得出你有了麻烦。

　　Is this cloth sold by the meter?

　　这块布是按米卖的吗？

　　4．with意为“和……在一起；带有；随着；用，凭借；关于；若是”。

　　I saw it with my own eyes.我亲眼看到了。

　　His money，with his wife's，comes to a million dollars.

　　他的钱加上他太太的钱，合计达100 万美元。

　　5．over意为“在……的正上方；多于；在……期间”。

　　We have something interesting to talk about over the meal.我们有很多感兴趣的事可以边吃边谈。(通常表示比 through (out)较短的期间)

　　6．for意为“为了；支持，同意；因为，由于；就……而言”。

　　There is no medicine for a cold.A good sleep is the best cure for it.

　　感冒没有药可医，最好的方法就是好好地睡一觉。

　　She is in her thirties but looks old for her age.

　　她现在30几岁，但是看起来比她实际年龄要老。

　　7．off意为“在……的外面；在……的沿海；偏离；从……离开”。

　　He lives in a village a little a way off the main road.

　　他住在离大路不远的一个村子。

　　8．through意为“穿过；整个……；依据，经由；度过”。

　　My parents' love got me through the hard time.

　　我父母的爱帮助我度过了困难时期。

　　考点二

　　介词的固定搭配

　　介词的固定搭配考查有两种：一是考查固定搭配中的介词；二是考查介词短语。近五年考查到的介词(短语)的固定搭配有：

　　1．in

　　in the meanwhile

　　　同时

　　in the way

　　　阻挡

　　in time 　及时；最终

　　in detail

　　　详细地

　　in favour of

　　　同意

　　in case

　　　以免；万一

　　in return

　　　作为回报

　　in exchange for

　　　用以交换……

　　2．for

　　be praised for

　　　因为……受到表扬

　　for life

　　　终生

　　for the benefit of

　　　为了……的利益

　　as for

　　　就……而论；关于

　　be trained for

　　　被训练为……

　　for lack of

　　　由于缺乏……

　　3．on

　　on behalf of 　代表

　　on the contrary 　相反

　　on condition that ...　以……作为条件

　　4．with

　　have an appointment with

　　　与……有约会

　　with regard to

　　　关于

　　5．above

　　above average　在平均数以上

　　above all　首先；最重要的是

　　6．by

　　by chance

　　　偶然；碰巧

　　by name

　　　用名字

　　7．from

　　apart from 　除……之外

　　far from

　　　远非

　　8．against

　　warn sb.against (doing) sth.　警告某人不要做某事

　　9．out of

　　out of control

　　　失去控制

　　out of place

　　　不在合适的位置；不适当的

　　out of one's reach

　　　某人够不着的地方

　　out of the question 　 不可能

　　out of question

　　　毫无疑问

　　我和史密斯医生有个约会，但我需要改一下。

　　I have an appointment with Dr.Smith，but I need to change it.

　　你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却可以终生受用。

　　You can change your job，you can move house，but friendship is meant to be for life.

　　除了良好的服务，本饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。

　　Apart from good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

　　[考点小结]　

　　介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以日常学习中必须逐一掌握每个介词的用法；弄清易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。此外，常用介词、易混介词以及介词固定搭配的考查仍是未来考查的重点。

　　考点三

　　连词

　　1．表并列关系： and, not only ...but (also) ..., neither, nor, neither ...nor ...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。

　　Think it over，and you'll find a way out.

　　Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.

　　Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.

　　2．表选择关系：or, either ...or ...连接并列句表示选择意义。

　　The children can go with us, or they can stay in.

　　Either you or I am right.

　　3．表转折关系：常用的有but, yet等。

　　I got it wrong.It wasn't the red one but the blue one.

　　Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.

　　4．表示对比关系：用while。

　　Mr.White is fat，while his wife is very thin.

　　5．表因果关系：常用的有so, for。

　　He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.

　　The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.

　　[考点小结]

　　连词按用途主要分为并列连词和从属连词。而对状语从句的考查主要是通过从属连词来进行的。

　　针对训练

　　.根据句意用合适的介词或连词填空

　　1．(2017·北京高考)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，________plants can spread to new places.

　　【答案】　so

　　2．(2017·北京高考)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves________half an hour.

　　【答案】　in

　　3．(2017·大纲全国卷)September 30 is the day________which you must pay your bill.

　　【答案】　by

　　4．(2017·江西高考)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life________his great wealth.

　　【答案】　despite

　　5．(2017·重庆高考)She drove so fast

　　at the turn that the car almost went________the road.

　　【答案】　 off

　　6．(2017·浙江高考)People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying________expression.

　　【答案】　for

　　7．(2017·陕西高考)The Scottish girl________blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

　　【答案】　with

　　8．(2017·山东高考) I don't really like the author，________I have to admit his books are very exciting.

　　【答案】　although / though

　　9．(2017·大纲全国卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again，________I didn't want to spend all day with her.

　　【答案】　but

　　10．(2017·四川高考)Read this story，________you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

　　【答案】　and

　　.选词填空

　　in store；on the other hand；in return；rather than；except for；in response to；as a matter of fact；in shape；in addition to

　　1．(2017·安徽高考)What we expect from you is working hard________hardly working.

　　【答案】　rather than

　　2．(2017·福建高考)Our club is open to everyone________age，sex or educational background.

　　【答案】　except for

　　3．(2017·江苏高考)Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push­ups too to stay ________.

　　【答案】　in shape

　　4．(2017·湖北高考)Check carrots，potatoes，onions and any other vegetables ________ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.

　　【答案】　in store

　　5．(2017·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence.________，it could just put you in debt.

　　【答案】　On the other hand

　　6．(2017·天津高考)________the school，the village has a clinic，which was also built with government support.

　　【答案】　In addition to

　　7．(2017·浙江高考)While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything________.

　　【答案】　in return

　　8．(2017·浙江高考)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.

　　【答案】　rather than

　　9．(2017·浙江高考)There's no reason to be disappointed.________，this could be rather amusing.

　　【答案】　As a matter of fact

　　10．(2017·浙江五校一联)The company has changed some of its working practices ________ complaints and criticism from the customers.

　　【答案】　in response to

　　.语篇填空

　　用适当的介词填空

　　Father's Day occurs on the 3rd Sunday in June.The idea for creating a day 1.________ children to honor their fathers began in Spokane，Washington.A woman 2.________ the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought 3.________ the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon 4.________ 1909.

　　Having been raised 5.________ her father，Henry Jackson Smart，after her mother died，Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was 6.________ her.It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was，7.________ the eyes of his daughter，a courageous，selfless，and loving man.Sonora's father was born in June，so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration 8.________ Spokane，Washington 9.________ the 19th of June,1910.

　　In 1924 President Calvin Coolidge announced the third Sunday in June 10.________ Father's Day.Roses are the flowers for Father's Day.

　　【答案】　1.for　2.with　3.of　4.in　5.by　6.to　7.in　8.in 　9.on　10.as

　　综合演练

　　语法填空

　　用适当的词完成下列短文

　　It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.1.________ some point in every speech，every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned.Fortunately，the moments are usually not obvious 2.________ the listeners.Why？Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say.They hear only what the speaker does say.

　　If you lose your place 3.________ a moment，wrongly change the order of a couple 4.________ sentences，5.________ forget to pause at a certain point，no one will be any the wiser.When such moments occur，don't worry about them.Just continue as if nothing happened.

　　Even if you do make an obvious mistake 6.________ a speech，that doesn't really matter.In fact，the listeners are not looking 7.________ a perfect performer.They are looking for a well thought out speech that expresses the speaker's ideas clearly 8.________ directly.As you work 9.________ your speech，don't worry about being imperfect.Once you free your mind 10.________ this，you will find it much easier to give your speech freely.

　　【答案】　1.At　2.to　3.for　4.of　5.or　6.during

　　7．for　8.and　9.on　10.of