所在位置: 查字典英语网 >高中英语 > 高考英语 > 高考高考英语 > 高考高考复习指南 > 2016届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破:第12节 派生词(北师大版)

2016届高考英语二轮复习语法专项突破:第12节 派生词(北师大版)

发布时间:2017-03-31  编辑:查字典英语网小编

  第十二节 派生词

  考点一

  常见的前缀及派生词

  Prefix Meaning Example

  a­ 有in,on,at,by,with,to等含义 alone单独;asleep在熟睡中的

  ab­ 离去,反常 abuse滥用;abnormal不正常的

  anti­ 反(抗),防 anti­freeze防冻;antiwar反战的

  bi­ 双;重 bicycle自行车;bimonthly双月刊

  co­ 共同,相互 cooperation合作;coexist共存;coeditor合编者

  com­ 共同,相互 compress压缩;composition作品,创作

  dis­ 不,相反;除去,毁;分开 dislike不喜欢;discover发现

  en­ 放进,饰以,使,使成 enrich使变富;enable使能够

  ex­ 前任,以前的 ex­wife前妻;ex­president前总裁

  extra­ 超过,在……以外 extraordinary非常的,非凡的

  fore­ 前,先,预 forehead前额;foretell预言

  il­ 不,无,非 illogical不合逻辑的;illegal非法的

  im­ (用在b,m,p前)不,无;向内 import进口;impossible不可能的

  in­ 不,无,非;向内 incomplete不完全的;inactive不积极的;income收入

  inter­ 在……之间(之际),互相 international国际的;interchange交换;interview面试,采访

  ir­ (用在r之前不,无;向内) irreligious无宗教信仰的;irregular不规则的

  micro­ 微 microwave微波炉;microcomputer微型电脑

  mid­ 中部 midnight半夜;middle中间的;midterm期中

  mini­ 小,微 minibus小型公共汽车;miniskirt超短裙

  mis­ 误,恶,不 misfortune不幸;mistrust不信任

  multi­ 多 multicultural多元文化的;multicoloured多色的

  non­ 不,无,非 nonsmoker不抽烟的人

  out­ 胜过;过分;在外 outdoor户外的;outstanding杰出的

  over­ 过度,在外,颠倒等 overwork劳累过度;overcoat外套

  post­ 后 postwar战后;postmodern后现代主义的

  pre­ 前,先 pre­arranged预先安排的;prehistoric史前的

  re­ 再,重,又;相反;回 reaction反应;return返回

  self­ 自己 self­defence自卫;self­taught自修的

  step­ 后,继 stepfather继父;stepmother继母

  sub­ 在……下面;亚于;次于 subway地铁;subtitle副标题

  super­ 上,超 superpower超级大国;supermarket超市

  trans­ 横过,超越,变换 transnational跨国的;transform改变

  tele­ 远(程) television电视;telescope望远镜

  tri­ 三(个……) triangle三角形;tricycle三轮脚踏车

  un­ 不,无,非,未 unfriendly不友好的;untie解开,解决

  vice­ 副 vice­chairman副主席;vice­president副总统

  考点二

  常见的后缀及派生词

  1.名词后缀

  suffix Meaning Example

  ­al 表示过程或状态 removal移动;arrival到达

  ­(i)an 来自;专长于……的人 musician音乐家;Egyptian埃及人

  ­ance 表状态,行为 appearance外表;acceptance接受;reliance依靠

  ­ant ­ent 人,物 servant仆人;inhabitant居民,栖居动物

  ­ar ­er 人,物 beggar乞讨者;murderer杀人犯;recorder录音机

  ­(t)ion ­ation 表状态,动作过程,行为 suggestion建议;graduation毕业;liberation解放;expression表达

  ­dom 身份,领域 freedom自由;wisdom智慧

  ­ee 人,物 employee被雇用者;refugee难民

  ­ence 性质,状态,行为 difference区别;confidence自信;dependence依靠

  ­ess 表女性,雌性 hostess女主人;actress女演员;tigress母老虎

  ­ful 充满 basketful满篮;mouthful满嘴;houseful一屋子

  ­hood 性质,身份,状态,时期 childhood儿童时代;neighbourhood附近

  ­ism 宗教,风格,主义 heroism英雄气概;communism共产主义;socialism社会主义者

  ­ist 人,主义者 novelist小说家,socialist社会主义

  ­ity 性质,状态 reality现实,ability能力;equality平等

  ­ment 行为,物,组织,运动,结果 disappointment失望;movement运动;agreement协议

  ­ness 性质,状态 kindness仁慈;tiredness疲劳

  ­or 人,物 visitor参观者;actor男演员

  ­ship 性质,身份,资格 hardship艰苦;leadership领导身份;friendship友谊

  ­sion 行为,状态 conclusion结论;tension紧张

  ­ure 行为,状态 exposure暴露;failure失败

  ­th 结果,过程,性质,状态 truth真理;youth青春;growth生长;warmth温暖

  ­age 集合,地点,结果 storage储藏;shortage短缺;marriage婚姻

  2.形容词后缀

  Suffix Meaning Example

  ­able ­ible ­ble 可……的,能……的 acceptable可接受的;reasonable合情合理的;comfortable舒适的

  ­(u)al 属于……的,具有……属性 equal平等的;national国家的;chemical化学的

  ­an ……(地,人)的 republican共和国的;European欧洲人的

  ­ary ……的 imaginary想象的;revolutionary革命的

  ­ative ……的 creative有创造性的;qualitative质量的

  ­ed (具)有……的(特征) determined坚定的;learned博学的;aged年老的

  ­ent ……的 frequent经常的;silent沉默的;diligent勤奋的

  ­ese (地,人)的 Chinese中国(人)的;Japanese日本(人)的

  ­ern 表示方向 eastern东方的;southern南方的

  ­en ……的 golden金色的;wooden木制的;woolen羊毛的

  ­ic 与……有关的 realistic现实的;energetic精力充足的

  ­ing 具有……(特征)的 boring令人厌烦的;frightening令人害怕的

  ­ish 近乎……的,如……的 childish孩子气的;foolish愚蠢的;selfish自私的

  ­ive 与……有关的,有……倾向的,有……特性的 expensive昂贵的;effective有效的;decisive决定性的

  ­ful 满的;有……性质的,引起……的 faithful信任的;powerful强大的;cheerful愉快的

  ­less 无……的;不……的 homeless无家可归的;sleepless失眠的;careless粗心的

  ­ous 多……的,有……特性的 various各种各样的;humorous幽默的;dangerous危险的

  ­ly ……品质的,每……的 friendly友好的;motherly母亲般的;weekly每周的

  ­ward 向……的 backward向后的;forward向前的

  ­y 多……的;有……的;如……的 cloudy多云的;funny有趣的;lucky运气好的

  3.副词后缀

  Suffix Meaning Example

  ­ly ……地,状态,程度,方式 extremely非常;slowly慢慢地;happily高兴地

  ­s 时间,地点,状态 outdoors在户外;indoors在室内

  ­ward(s) 方向 afterward(s)后来;outwards向外;downwards向下

  4.动词后缀

  Suffix Meaning Example

  ­en 使变成 sharpen削尖;broaden加宽;strengthen加强;deepen加深

  ­fy 使……化 simplify简化;beautify美化;purify净化;horrify使恐怖

  ­ize 使……化 modernize使现代化;realize实现;mechanize使机械化

  注意:一般情况下,加前缀改变词义,加后缀改变词性。

  [本节小结]

  在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3 000多个英语单词。因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。针对训练

  .完成句子

  用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

  1.I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time.________ (fortunate),I was held up by the heavy traffic jam.

  【答案】 Unfortunately

  2.Therefore,when they become older they are ________(able) to do any other kind of work.

  【答案】 unable

  3.Very early the next morning,amazingly,we got completely satisfied in a totally________________ (expect) way.

  【答案】 unexpected

  4.I won't do the purchase because the price of this dress is ________________ (reason).

  【答案】 unreasonable

  5.Job ________________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time.

  【答案】 applicants

  6.All facts are the source of ________________ (conclude).

  【答案】 conclusions

  7.However,most ________ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with ________(educate).

  【答案】 scientists;education

  8.Excellent oral and written ________________ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of ________________ (important).

  【答案】 communication;importance

  9.Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily ________________ (require).

  【答案】 requirement

  10.It is your ________________ (free) to do what you want after class.

  【答案】 freedom

  11.As is known to us all,the Entrance Exam is a great ________________,and the students are ________________ (compete).

  【答案】 competition;competitors

  12.I am ________________ (grate) to you for your help.

  【答案】 grateful

  13.He gave me some ________________ (construct) suggestions.

  【答案】 constructive

  14.A jury's decision in a court case must be absolutely ________________ (object).

  【答案】 objective

  15.He devoted much money to building schools in ________________ (mountain) areas.

  【答案】 mountainous

  .语篇填空

  阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,使用括号中词语的正确形式填空

  It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States.His 1.________(earn) could hardly cover the expenses,so when his wife gave 2.________(bear) to their second daughter,they could not afford enough nutrition food.Soon,poor nutrition caused the 3.________(die) of the poor baby.4.________(lonely) was another problem because they had no 5.________(relate) or friends there.Thanks to his 6.________(brave) and 7.________(persevere),he managed to gain the 8.________(citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9. ________(settle).He always tells his children like this: Perseverance leads to 10.________(happy) and success.

  【答案】 1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness

  5.relations 6.bravery 7.perseverance 8.citizenship

  9.settlement 10.happiness

  综合演练

  语法填空

  根据单词提示,用单词的相应词性变化完成下列短文

  Sixty­six percent of 15­to 25­year­olds in China say they are happy,according to a survey of global youth 1.________(happy)conducted in 14 countries.

  The survey shows young people worldwide are 2.________ (happy) when they are on vacation,being challenged,or achieving something.The 3.________(young)in the US,for example,said they were happiest between 8 and 10 pm on Saturdays in July,enjoying good 4.________(musician) or spending time with friends and family.

  According to study author Joeri Van Den Bergh,young people don't just want to impress their friends.Today's youth want to accomplish something in life,whether this means big 5.________ (accomplish)like doing well in an important exam or finding a good job,or small things like making a delicious dinner.

  The survey also shows higher happiness in 6.________ (develop)countries—Brazil,India and China all ranked 7.________(high).Young people in these countries might realize they are better off than their parents in the improving 8.________(economy) environment.

  However,Christine Carter,sociologist and happiness expert at the University of California.Berkeley,noted that many young people still do not feel happy because they are under so much 9.________(press) to achieve.

  Carter said research shows people of all ages and cultures link happiness to a sense of gratitude,10.________ (generous),compassion and social ties.

  【答案】 1.happiness 2.happiest 3.youth 4.music

  5.accomplishments 6.developing 7.highly 8.economic9.pressure 10.generosity

查看全部
推荐文章
猜你喜欢
附近的人在看
推荐阅读
拓展阅读

分类
  • 年级
  • 类别
  • 版本
  • 上下册
年级
不限
类别
英语教案
英语课件
英语试题
不限
版本
不限
上下册
上册
下册
不限