2016届高考英语二轮复习精讲学案：专题09 名词性从句（原卷版）

　　【2016考纲解读】

　　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。考查的要点主要是连接代词和副词的正确使用，主语、谓语的语序，双重连接词以及特殊句型的使用等。其考点主要包括：

　　1．考查名词性从句的连接词。如：有词义的连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which; 连接副词when, where, why, how; 从属连词that, whether, if, as if; 无词义的that在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略。

　　2．考查名词性从句的语序和时态。

　　3．考查it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况。如：

　　(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary, important, obvious等)＋that从句．

　　(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句．

　　(3)It＋be＋名词(a surprise, a fact, a shame, an honour等)＋that从句．

　　(4)It＋不及物动词(appear, happen等)＋that从句．

　　4．名词性从句中的虚拟语气。如：

　　(1)It is (was)＋ essential (important, natural…) ＋that…；

　　(2)It is (was) suggested (demanded, wished, desired…)that…等。

　　5．what引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。如：what＝the thing that/anything that…； what＝the place that…； what＝the time that…； what＝the person that…等。

　　6．whoever，whatever，whichever引导名词性从句时的语义功能和语法功能。

　　2016年将重点考查连接词that，what的用法； 特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句； whever引导的名词性从句。

　　【重点知识梳理】

　　一几种易混的从句的辨别

　　定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句有时候在形式上很相似，下面提供一些区分的方法：

　　1．定语从句与同位语从句

　　定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系；而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容的。that在定语从句中充当句子成分，可指物或人；而同位语从句中的that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。请比较：

　　(1)The news (that/which) he told us was exciting.

　　(定语从句，that/which在从句中作宾语，还可以被省略)

　　(2)The news that our team has won is exciting.

　　(同位语从句，that从句是说明news的内容的，that在从句中不作任何成分，但不能被省略)

　　辨析

　　判断是定语从句还是同位语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。如上面第二句，加上be动词后：

　　The news is that our team has won.句子意思成立，所以是同位语从句。而第一句，加上be动词后：

　　The news is that he told us.意思不成立，因此不是同位语从句。

　　一般情况下，同位语从句紧跟在它所说明的名词的后面，可是有的时候，为了表达的需要，名词与从句之间被另外一些内容分隔开了，叫做“分隔同位语从句”。对于这类同位语从句，一定要根据句意，找准它所说明的名词。

　　2．定语从句与状语从句

　　请看两组句子：

　　第一组：区分such...as...和such...that...

　　(1)The new storybook is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.

　　(2)The new storybook is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.

　　这两句话只有一词之差，但语法结构大相径庭：第一句是as引导的定语从句，as相当于that/which(但不能用that/which)，在从句中作understand的宾语。第二句是结果状语从句，that在从句中不作成分。

　　结论：当从句缺少句子成分时，用such...as...；当从句不缺少句子成分时，用such...that...。

　　第二组：选用in which, where填空

　　(1)He left the key ______ he had been an hour before.

　　(2)He left the place ______ he lived for many years.

　　分析：第一句只能填where, where引导的是地点状语从句，修饰主句中的谓语动词。此处where不可换成in which，因为in which只能引导定语从句，本句中根本就没有先行词(后面的从句不是修饰key的)。

　　第二句填where或in which。根据句意可知，后面的句子是对名词place的修饰，因此此句是定语从句。

　　二that与what的区别

　　that引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，that本身无意义，只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等，what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较：

　　What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语)

　　That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句，在从句中不作任何成分)

　　The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语)

　　I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语)

　　He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语)

　　精析

　　名词性从句中区分that与what的关键是：分析句子结构，看从句是否缺少句子成分。如果不缺成分，就用that，如果缺少句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，且表示“……的东西或事情”就用what。

　　三who, whoever与no matter who的区别

　　引导名词性从句，在句中作主语时用who，意思是“谁”，含有疑问意味，whoever意为“无论谁”，不含有疑问意味。whoever在引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who，其中who引导一个定语从句紧随其后。

　　另外，whoever还可以引导让步状语从句，这时whoever相当于no matter who，但是no matter who只能引导让步状语从句。请比较：

　　1．Who has taken away my bag is unknown.

　　谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用whoever显然句意不通)

　　2．Whoever breaks the law will be punished.

　　无论谁违反法律都要受到惩罚。(whoever表达的语气强烈)

　　3．I'm not going to let you in, no matter who you are.

　　＝I'm not going to let you in, whoever you are.

　　(根据句意“我不会让你进去的，不管你是谁”，后面是一个让步状语从句，故用no matter who或者whoever)

　　【特别提醒】

　　wh－ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句。引导名词性从句时，whoever＝anyone who; whomever＝any­one whom; whatever＝anything that; whichever＝anything/anyone that; whosever＝any one whose。

　　Whichever he likes will be given to him.＝Anything that he likes will be given to him.

　　无论他想要哪个都可以给他。

　　You should give the book back to whosever name(＝anyone whose name) is on the cover of it.

　　你该把书还给任何一个他的名字在封面上的人。

　　做题时，具体思路如下：①通读全句，首先考虑是不是某种句型，如强调句型；②题干句若是疑问句，首先把它恢复为正常语序；③观察设空的前前后后，确定相关从句的性质；④确定从句性质后，回忆相关从句的用法特点，从而作出取舍；⑤注意标点符号和并列连词(and, but)的作用；⑥将选项代入句子，看前后是否语意贯通。

　　考点一、考查宾语从句

　　1. (2015·湖南，26)You have to know

　　you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.

　　（2017福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing

　　you're afraid to do.

　　A. that

　　B. what

　　C. how

　　D. whether

　　考查名词性从句

　　．33.I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.

　　A. that

　　B. where

　　C. what

　　D. why

　　【举一反三】（2017湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.

　　A. which B. that

　　C. what D. where

　　考点三、考查宾语从句引导词的用法

　　6. If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate

　　is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.

　　A. what

　　B. who

　　C. that

　　D. whoever

　　【举一反三】（2017四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born."

　　A. when

　　B. how

　　C. why

　　D. where

　　1.(2015·江苏，25)

　　Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won't accept it.

　　3.(2015·北京，33)I truly believe

　　beauty comes from within.

　　4.(2015·北京，35)

　　we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.

　　5.(2015·浙江，6) If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate

　　is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.

　　6.(2015·重庆，8)We must find out

　　Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.

　　7.(2015·陕西，19)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for

　　Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.

　　8.(2015·四川，8)The exhibition tells us

　　we should do something to stop air pollution.

　　9.(2015·安徽，25) A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not

　　ships are built for.

　　10.(2015·福建，29)—I wonder

　　Mary has kept her figure after all these years.

　　—By working out every day.

　　（2017北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal.

　　A. where

　　B. when

　　C. how

　　D. why

　　（2017北京卷）33.Some people believe _______ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.

　　A. whatever

　　B. whenever.

　　C. whereever

　　D. however

　　（2017大纲卷）24. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.

　　A. whether

　　B. why

　　C. when

　　D. how

　　（2017山东卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.

　　A. where

　　B. what

　　C. which

　　D. why

　　（2017天津卷）14. I think _______ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.

　　A. what

　　B. that

　　C. which

　　D. who

　　A. which

　　B. where

　　C. how

　　D. what

　　D （2017·北京卷)33.Experts believe

　　people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

　　why B. where C. that D. what

　　（2017·北京卷)31.

　　makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.

　　That

　　B. What C. Who D. Which

　　（2017·北京卷)21. Volunteering gives you a chance____ lives, including your own.

　　A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change

　　（2017·山东卷)30. It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.

　　A. what

　　B. whose

　　C. which

　　D. that

　　（2017·四川)6. _______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.

　　A. When

　　B. How

　　C. What

　　D. That

　　（2017·天津卷)15. _____ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

　　A. That

　　B. Which

　　C. Whether

　　D. What