2016届高考英语二轮复习专项训练：专题限时检测（18）阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度题

　　专题限时检测(十八)　阅读理解推理判断类之观点态度题

　　(加★的为观点态度题，本卷限时23分钟)

　　A

　　(2015·扬州市高三期末检测)To discipline means to teach. To be well disciplined is to have learned to live in accordance with the sensible rules and regulations that society has set up for the behavior of its members.

　　Unless the child learns from each disciplinary situation how better to govern his conduct, effective discipline has not been developed. Parents must accept for themselves the idea that successful discipline results in learning. When they approach situations in which a child must adapt themselves to demands made upon them as learning situations, many problems usually thought of in connection with discipline disappear.

　　Unfortunately, the word discipline has come to have other less constructive meanings. Far too often discipline is thought of as punishment. To many people, to discipline a child means to spank (掌掴) him or use some other method of punishment. Such people consider discipline a way of either keeping a child from doing something or of forcing him to do something.

　　It is the task of parents to build within themselves and within the children with whom they live this capacity for self­direction, based upon an understanding of what is required of individuals in a democratic society. This means learning to act in those ways known to be necessary for the “good life”， not for one’s self alone but also for others.

　　Developing the capacity for self­discipline in a child is a long, slow process. Much patience is required on the part of the parents. During this development, it is important that the child’s self­confidence and comfortable acceptance of himself should never be sacrificed in a disciplinary battle; instead it should be increased through the ways in which his parents meet disciplinary situations. Many parents show a good deal of impatience if the little child does not rapidly learn how to keep clean, eat well, be orderly, and do what he is told. They are so eager for him to achieve these things that they seem to try to push him rapidly through his baby period. They seem also to think that learning to do these things at the earliest possible age will place the child one jump ahead in the competitive race for success. But expecting too much too early is a common mistake and results in many battles.

　　1．According to the passage, the well­disciplined people are those ________.

　　A．behaving and considering what their parents require

　　B．obeying what is required on some special occasions

　　C．obeying the reasonable rules and social regulations

　　D．having self­direction capacity in a democratic society

　　2．According to the passage, disciplining a child means ________ for many parents.

　　A．developing his capacity for self­direction

　　B．helping him understand social requirement

　　C．setting various limitations to his behavior

　　D．punishing him with one method or another

　　★3.What may be the author’s attitude towards parents’ expecting their children to achieve too much at the possible earliest age?

　　A．Indifferent.　B．Disapproving.

　　C．Ironic.

　　D．Concerned.

　　B

　　(2015·泰州市高三第一次模拟考试)Harry S. Truman High School in the Bronx has eight floors, seven gymnasiums, a football field and a planetarium. But there is one place off limits to its more than 3,000 students: the 6­lane swimming pool, which has been dry for nearly three decades.

　　Within the New York City public school system, though, the troubled Truman pool represents a trend. Of the 50 swimming pools inside the city?s 1,200 school buildings, 10 are in unusable condition. At Martin Luther King Jr. High School (MLK) in Manhattan, the pool has been used to store old chairs and desks since 1986. The pool at Walton High School has been closed since the 1980’s, despite a $54 million school wide renovation (整修)．

　　For the swimming enthusiasts of the city public school system, the empty school pools are a hollow symbol of lost opportunities: to fight against obesity; to provide summer job training in a city that has had to import lifeguards from Europe in recent years; to attract the students who just may love the water even if they hate everything else about high school.

　　The latest version of Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg?s $13.1 billion, five­year educational capital plan will include $60 million for upgrades to a dozen school pools, including $7 million for Truman, and $4 million for King. But the school system?s capital has historically called for projects that never end up happening. Also, the mayor?s plan relies on $6.5 billion from the state, which is resisting a court order to give the city schools more money.

　　Teachers and principals say that when school pools work, they are shelters from whatever troubles may pass in the hallways and classrooms. Tension over test scores and safety concerns disappears when the students are swimming.

　　The purported (传说中的) existence of a pool at Martin Luther King Jr. High School was such a mystery that it inspired an article in a student newspaper. Appearing under the headline “Unlocking MLK’s secrets”， the article was accompanied by a photograph showing old furniture and a television set stacked next to the empty pool. At other schools, the situation is reversed. “The seniors would always tell the freshmen they could find the pool on the fifth floor，” said Adam Kerzner, a Bronx Science swimmer who graduated from the school — which has no fifth floor — in 1997.“It was kind of like a hazing thing.”

　　4．What do we learn about the swimming pool in MLK High School?

　　A．It lies on the fifth floor of the school.

　　B．It served as a storehouse of old chairs and desks before 1986.

　　C．Its upgrade is included in the Mayors five­year educational capital plan.

　　D．It remains in unusable condition despite a school wide renovation.

　　5．Which of the following benefits of swimming is NOT mentioned in the passage?

　　A．Helping losing weight.

　　B．Making money.

　　C．Relieving stress.

　　D．Lifeguard training.

　　6．According to the passage, empty school pools may be mainly caused by ________.

　　A．insufficient attention

　　B．poor management

　　C．shortage of finance

　　D．lack of application

　　★7.The authors tone towards the topic can most probably be described as ________.

　　A．concerned

　　B．optimistic

　　C．critical

　　D．doubtful

　　C

　　(2015·南京师大附中高三调研)Can people change their skin color without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson? Perhaps yes. Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.

　　The gene comes in two versions, one of which is found in 99 percent of Europeans. The other is found in 93 to 100 percent of Africans, researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science.

　　Scientists have changed the color of a dark­striped zebra­fish (斑马鱼) to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment (色素) gene into a young fish. As with humans, zebra­fish skin color is determined by pigment cells, which contain melanin (黑色素). The number, size and darkness of melanin per pigment cell determine skin color.

　　It appears that, like the golden zebra­fish, light­skinned Europeans also have a mutation (变异) in the gene for melanin production. This results in less pigmented skin.

　　However, Keith Cheng, leader of the research team, points out that the mutation is different in human and zebra­fish genes.

　　Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5 million years ago to protect bodies from ultra­violet rays of the sun (太阳光紫外线), which can cause skin cancer.

　　But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes, they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D. So the related gene changes, according to Cheng.

　　Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans, so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin color, said Cheng.

　　The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer. It also could lead to research into ways to change skin color without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson.

　　8．The passage mainly tells us that ________.

　　A．people can not change their skin color without any pain

　　B．the new discovery could lead to research into ways to change skin color safely

　　C．pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin color as he liked

　　D．scientists have found out that people’s skin color is determined by the gene

　　9．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A．nowadays people who want to change their skin color have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment

　　B．Europeans and Africans have the same gene

　　C．the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer

　　D．there are two kinds of genes

　　10．Scientists have done an experiment on a dark­striped zebra­fish in order to ________.

　　A．find the different genes of humans

　　B．prove the humans skin color is determined by the pigment gene

　　C．find out the reason why the Africans skin color is dark

　　D．find out the ways of changing peoples skin color

　　11．The reason why Europeans are light­skinned is probably that ________.

　　A．they are born light­skinned people

　　B．light­skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanin production

　　C．they have fewer activities outside

　　D．they pay much attention to protecting their skin

　　★12.The writer’s attitude towards the discovery is _________________________________.

　　A．neutral

　　B．negative

　　C．positive

　　D．unconcerned语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。阐明了什么是自律以及家长帮助孩子养成自律习惯时需要注意的问题。1．选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有良好的纪律就是能够遵守社会对个人行为所制定的各种合乎情理的规章制度。由此可知，答案选C。

　　2．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，对于许多家长而言，纪律就是掌掴或其他形式的惩罚。故选D。

　　3．选B　观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为过早对孩子有太多的期待是一种常见的错误，这会导致许多矛盾冲突。由此可推知，作者认为这种做法是错误的。故选B，意为“不支持的”。

　　语篇解读：本文是一则资讯报道。游泳池是非常受学生欢迎的运动场所，但是当遭遇财政困难时，很多学校的游泳池会被长期闲置。尽管市长的“五年教育基金计划”中包含了改善学校游泳池的计划，但该计划能否实施仍是个未知数。4．选C　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，市长的五年教育资金计划中包括MLK高中的游泳池改善(计划)。故选C项。

　　5．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“to fight against obesity; to provide summer job ... import lifeguards ...”可知，A、D两项是游泳的好处；根据第五段中的“they are shelters from whatever troubles may ... concerns disappears ...”可知，游泳能缓解压力，所以C项也是游泳的好处。B项在文中未提及。故选B项。

　　6．选C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，学校过去申请过资金，但这些项目从未被批准过，因为即使是市长的计划也要依赖政府的65亿美元，但政府拒绝了给城市学校更多资金的法院命令。故学校游泳池闲置是因为资金短缺。故选C项。

　　7．选A　观点态度题。根据第二段中“... the troubled Truman pool ... Of the 50 swimming pools inside ... 10 are in unusable condition”和第三段中“... the empty school pools are a hollow symbols of lost opportunities ...”可知，作者对该话题非常关注。故选A项。B项意为“乐观的”；C项意为“批判的”；D项意为“怀疑的”，均不符合文意。

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。主要讲述了基因决定人的肤色，将来人们想改变肤色的话，可能不需要像迈克尔·杰克逊那样受罪了。8．选D　主旨大意题。第一段最后一句“Scientists have found the gene that determines skin color.”为本文的主题句，由此可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们发现人的肤色是由基因决定的这件事。故选D项。

　　9．选A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，这一发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题，也有助于研究既能改变肤色又不会受到像迈克尔·杰克逊所使用的那种对身体有害的医疗手段。由此可推知，现在还不能充分应用这项发现，现在人们想要改变肤色，依旧要受罪。故选A项。

　　10．选B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“As with humans ... contain melanin (黑色素)．”可知，科学家把一种色素基因植入小斑马鱼体内，使幼鱼的皮肤变成了金色，从而证明了人类肤色也是由色素细胞决定的。故选B项。

　　11．选B　细节理解题。根据第四段“...light­skinned Europeans also have ... pigmented skin.”可知，欧洲人体内黑色素的基因发生了变异，使得他们的肤色变浅。故选B项。

　　12．选C　观点态度题。根据文章最后一段第一句“The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer.”可知，这一新发现有助于攻克皮肤癌等难题。由此可知，作者对此项发现持积极的态度。故选C项。