2016届高考英语二轮复习专项训练：专题限时检测（22）阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题

　　专题限时检测(二十二)　阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题

　　(加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟)

　　A

　　(2015·徐州市高三考前信息卷)Sometimes, we really want a chocolate bar or a cool sparkling drink. We usually have one, perhaps thinking, “My body really needs it！” But are you sure its really a demand from your body? It might just be bacteria in your stomach “cheating” you into thinking that way, scientists say.

　　Our gut and stomach are home to 10,000 species of bacteria which get energy from our half­digested lunches. In return, they help us break down food and keep harmful bacteria out, The Atlantic reported. But a recent article in US journal Bio Essays suggests that these bacteria might tell us what to do and demand certain kinds of foods. The article, written by researchers from the University of New Mexico and the University of California, San Francisco, says that bacteria in our gut and stomach change our eating behavior to increase their fitness. For example, bacteria that specialize in sugar make us want sweet food. If we don?t give them what they want, they worry our minds until we eat sweet foods. The bacteria have some strategies to make us “listen” to them, the article suggests. They may change the expression of our taste receptors, making certain foods taste better. They may release hormones to make us feel hungry. Or they may use the vagus nerve (迷走神经), which connects the stomach to the brain, to control our eating behavior. In other words, our brain and moods might be hostages held by a hijacker called bacteria.

　　Food Previous studies, however, told a different story. Craving is “all in our heads”， Science Daily once reported. When people desire a specific food, they keep imagining vivid images of that food, so that they have no brain power for any other task.

　　To reduce our desire for a chocolate bar, we need to focus our minds on other tasks, Science Daily said. For example, trying to imagine images of common sights or smells could kick those food images out of our minds. How about trying to imagine a rainbow instead? If that doesn?t work for us, at least we can use bacteria as a convenient excuse — “I need a can of soda, not for me, but for my gut bacteria！”

　　1．What do bacteria in your gut and stomach do, according to the article?

　　a．break down food

　　b．connect the stomach to the brain

　　c．block out harmful bacteria

　　d．change your eating behavior

　　A．ac　B．cd　C．abc　D．acd

　　2．What are the bacterias strategies to make people satisfy their needs?

　　A．They may change the way that the vagus nerve works.

　　B．They may make people feel hungry and think some foods are tastier than others.

　　C．They may change peoples facial expressions when eating some foods.

　　D．They may release some hormones to disturb peoples digestion systems.

　　★3.The underlined word “Craving” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to “________”．

　　A．imagination

　　B．feeling

　　C．eagerness

　　D．emotion

　　4．To reduce our strong desire for a specific kind of food, we are advised to ________ .

　　A．sing songs about rainbows

　　B．make ourselves full by eating other food

　　C．imagine images of more inviting foods

　　D．make our minds busy with other tasks

　　B

　　(2015·盐城三模)High­tech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells, which glow blue when viewed through the eyewear. Cancer cells are notoriously difficult to see, even under high­powered magnification. The glasses are designed to make it easier for surgeons to distinguish cancer cells from healthy cells, helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery.

　　“We?re in the early stages of this technology, and more development and testing will be done, but we?re certainly encouraged by the potential benefits to patients，” said breast surgeon Julie Margenthaler, MD, an associate professor of surgery at Washington University. “Imagine what it would mean if these glasses got rid of the need for follow­up surgery and the associated pain, inconvenience and anxiety.”

　　Current standard of care requires surgeons to remove the tumor and some neighboring tissue that may or may not include cancer cells. The samples are sent to a pathology(病理) lab and viewed under a microscope. If cancer cells are found in neighboring tissue, a second surgery is often recommended to remove additional tissue that is also checked for the presence of cancer.

　　The glasses could reduce the need for additional surgical procedures and following stress on patients, as well as time and expense.

　　Margenthaler said about 20 to 25 percent of breast cancer patients who have lumps removed require a second surgery because current technology doesn?t adequately show the extent of the disease during the first operation.“Our hope is that this new technology will reduce or ideally eliminate the need for a second surgery，” she said.

　　In a study published in the Journal of Biomedical Optics, researchers noted that tumors as small as 1 mm in diameter (the thickness of about 10 sheets of paper) could be detected.

　　Ryan Fields, MD, a Washington University assistant professor of surgery and surgeon of Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, plans to wear the glasses later this month when he operates to remove a melanoma from a patient. He said he welcomes the new technology, which theoretically could be used to visualize any type or cancer.

　　“A limitation of surgery is that it?s not always clear to the naked eye the distinction between normal tissue and cancerous tissue，” Fields said.“With the glasses developed by Samuel Achilefu, PhD, professor of Washington University, we can better identify the tissue that must be removed.”

　　5．The ultimate goal of developing the new technology is ________.

　　A．to distinguish cancer cells from healthy ones

　　B．to inspire hope for life in cancer patients

　　C．to make sure no cancer cell is left behind

　　D．to reduce the risk of cancer surgery

　　★6.The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ________.

　　A．meet B．remove

　　C．feel

　　D．resist

　　7．What can be inferred from the passage?

　　A．The glasses are developed by Ryan Fields and Samuel Achilefu.

　　B．The glasses glow blue when finding tissues including cancer cells.

　　C．Tumors as small as 1 cm in diameter could be detected by the glasses.

　　D．Much remains to be done before the technology can be widely used.

　　8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Special glasses help surgeons “see” cancer

　　B．A new technology has been used in surgery

　　C．Patients will benefit from a new technology

　　D．Cancer is no longer a threat to people

　　C

　　(2015·扬州中学高三检测)Rice wine has a history of more than 2,000 years as Chinas favorite liquor and has been credited with having enhanced the health. But now native rice wine finds itself competing for market share with Western style fruit wine.

　　Both foreign traders and local producers have in recent months observed a remarkable rise in the popularity of wine in China, at least in the country?s more prosperous cities and coastal regions. There are several reasons for this. One has been a sustained effort by the Chinese government to limit the use of staple grains (主食) for things as frivolous as spirits or beer. Another has been a lot of reports filtering out (过滤) via Hong Kong and Taiwan,

　　citing scientific findings about red wine’s good effects on health in general and manliness in particular. Mr. St. Pierre, who imports Western wines to China, says that his red wines outsell his whites by 20 to 1, leading him to conclude that Chinese drinkers are indeed choosing their beverages with good health in mind.

　　Mr. St. Pierre is toasting increases in sales of 25% a month. Carl Crook, another importer, recalls that, when he began selling wine in China four years ago, his clients were mainly “well­heeled and desperate expatriates (侨民)”. His company, Montrose, now sells more than 1,000 cases a month and expects sales to double this year, despite taxes and duties which add 121% to the price of imported wines. Its catalogue ranges from cheap Californian wines selling wholesale for 69 yuan per bottle, to Chateau Lafitte Rothschild.

　　Domestic producers are also cottoning on to the joys of the grape. A few Chinese wineries are increasingly successful, in both international competitions and the domestic market. China?s largest wine producer, Dynasty, has overcome quality control problems to produce a well­received 1995 Chardonnay. The Huadong Winery in Qingdao (a city still more famous for its beer) has also yielded a successful Chardonnay. Local bottling of foreign wines, local production, and if they materialize, long rumored cuts in tariff duties (关税) may soon help bring the joys of wine to greater numbers of Chinese.

　　For the country’s growing class of the newly rich, however, a ridiculously high price tag is all part of the package. In recent years, China’s conspicuous (引人注目的) consumers have made the purchase of overpriced wines, which is one of their favorite ways of showing off wealth, in some cases buying bottles priced at several hundred dollars only to smash them on the floor. There is now a new trend that may strike the world’s wine merchants as an even greater outrage. Some Chinese wine drinkers have decided that a good claret (干红) or Chardonnay goes down more smoothly when mixed with Sprite.

　　9．Grape wines become more popular than the traditional rice wine in China for all the following reasons EXCEPT that________.

　　A．rice wine consumes so many grains that its production has been discouraged

　　B．it is believed that grape wine does more good to health than rice wine

　　C．drinking grape wine is a symbol of wealth and therefore is a fashion for some people

　　D．grape wines are often less expensive and so more people can afford them

　　10.The underlined word “frivolous” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．

　　A．significant

　　B．precious

　　C．authentic

　　D．unimportant

　　11．Mr. St. Pierre and Mr. Carl Crook are cited as examples to show ________.

　　A．market share of importing grape wines is increasing in China

　　B．well­heeled and desperate expatriates like to drink grape wines

　　C．Chinese drinkers choose their companys wine because of their boast

　　D．domestic producers also realize the joys of the grape wines

　　12．Which of the following is an opinion of the authors?

　　A．Domestic producers do not like their foreign counterparts.

　　B．Local bottling of foreign wines is not encouraged by local government in China.

　　C．The extremely high tariff duties on wine importing still affect the more popular consumption of foreign wines.

　　D．Most people are satisfied with the prices of foreign wines.

　　13．The author sounds ________ in the last paragraph.

　　A．tolerant

　　B．angry

　　C．impatient

　　D．conspicuous语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现当我们特别想吃某种食物的时候，其实是我们体内的细菌在作怪。1．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中“they help us break down food and keep harmful bacteria out”和第四句中“that bacteria in our gut and stomach change our eating behavior”可知，我们体内的细菌能够分解食物和阻挡有害细菌，并且改变我们的饮食习惯。故选D。

　　2．选B　细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三、四句“They may change ... hormones to make us feel hungry.”可知，细菌会改变我们的味觉接收器，使我们觉得某些食物更美味，同时细菌会释放荷尔蒙，增加我们的饥饿感。故选B。

　　3．选C　单词意义猜测题。根据画线词后一句中的“When people desire a specific food, they keep imagining vivid images of that food”可知，当人们想吃某种食物的时候，人们的脑海中会一直想着它，故此处表示人们对食物的渴望是印在脑子里的。故“Craving”意为“渴望”，与“eagerness”意思相同。故选C。

　　4．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“To reduce our desire for a chocolate bar, we need to focus our minds on other tasks”可知，当我们特别想吃某种食物的时候，我们可以把注意力集中在别的事情上，以降低对它的渴望。故选D。

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。美国的学者发明了一种可视眼镜，能够清楚地“看见”癌细胞，而且这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下任何癌细胞，避免患者再次做手术。5．选C　“helping to ensure that no tumor cells are left behind during surgery”可知，这种眼镜有助于确保手术时不留下癌细胞，这就是发展这种新技术的最终目标。故选C。

　　6．选B　单词意义猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Margenthaler said ...have lumps removed require a second surgery” 可知，20%至25%的乳腺癌患者接受首次手术切除肿瘤后，还需再次手术，由此结合选项可推知，此处指希望这项新技术能够减少甚至完全消除再次手术的必要性，因此画线词的词义与 remove 最为接近。故选B。

　　7．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Were in the early stages of this technology，and more development and testing will be done”可知，这一技术尚未得到广泛利用，因此它处于研究初期，需要进行更多的改进和测试工作，因此D项符合题意。故选D。

　　8．选A　标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句中的“High­tech glasses developed at Washington University School of Medicine in St.Louis may help surgeons visualize cancer cells”并结合下文内容可知，文章介绍的是一种特别的眼镜，它可以帮助外科医生“看见”癌细胞，因此“Special glasses help surgeons see’ cancer”最适合作为最佳标题。故选A。

　　语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了葡萄酒在中国市场的兴起和快速发展，同时也提出了一些在发展过程中出现的问题。

　　9．选D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中“In recent years, Chinas conspicuous (引人注目的) ... their favorite ways of showing off wealth”可知，红酒价格昂贵。这不是红酒比米酒在中国更受欢迎的原因。故选D。

　　10．选D　单词意义猜测题。画线词所在的句子表明政府限制把主食用于制作像烈酒或啤酒这样的东西，既然政府限制用主食酿酒，那就说明烈酒和啤酒不如主食重要。由此可知，frivolous 的意思是“不重要的”，等同于unimportant。故选D。

　　11．选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Mr. St. Pierre is toasting increases in sales of 25% a month.”和该段第三句中的“His company，Montrose, now sells more than 1,000 cases a month and expects sales to double this year”可推知，进口葡萄酒在中国的销量正在快速增加。故选A。

　　12．选C　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，降低关税可以使更多的中国人喝到红酒。由此可推知，进口红酒的高关税影响了红酒在中国的受欢迎程度。故选C。

　　13．选B　推理判断题。通读最后一段可知，有些消费者把购买红酒当作炫富的方式，有时购买几百美元的红酒只是为了把它们摔碎在地上，由此结合该段第三句中的“outrage”可知，作者对这些做法很生气。故选B。