2016届高考英语二轮复习专项训练：非选择题专练卷（2）

　　选择题与非选择题灵活拆组卷二　

　　非选择题专练卷(共2页，满分35分)

　　.任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)

　　请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

　　注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

　　(2015·江苏名校联考)

　　The Bystander Effect

　　The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action (or inaction)．

　　The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine Kitty Genovese. On Friday, March 13, 1964, 28­year­old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.

　　Despite Genovese?s repeated calls for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident. The attack first began at 3：20 AM, but it was not until 3：50 AM that someone first contacted police.

　　While Genovese’s case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies, there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years. The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society, but why exactly does it happen? Why don?t we help when we are part of a crowd?

　　There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present.

　　The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a “lover?s quarrel”， and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.

　　Characteristics of the situation can play a role. During a crisis, things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear. Onlookers might wonder exactly what is happening. During such chaotic moments, people often look to others in the group to determine what is appropriate. When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting, it sends a signal that perhaps no action is needed.

　　So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction? Some psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle. When faced with a situation that requires action, understanding how the bystander effect might be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help. However, this does not mean you should place yourself in danger.

　　But what if you are the person in need of assistance? How can you inspire people to lend a hand? One often­recommended tactic is to single out one person from the crowd. Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help. By personalizing and individualizing your request, it becomes much harder for people to turn you down.

　　The Bystander Effect

　　Passage outline Supporting details

　　Concept of the

　　bystander effect ●The bystander effect occurs when the presence of others keeps an individual from becoming (1)________ in an emergency situation.

　　●It is obvious that the bystander effect can greatly influence (2)________ behavior.

　　Typical

　　example In 1964, a young woman named Genovese met with violence and her life was (3)________ outside her apartment, while bystanders who observed the crime did not step in to assist or call the police.

　　(4)______ for the bystander effect ●Individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of (5)________ in front of a large group of people.

　　●Before deciding to offer help, observers may want to make (6)________

　　that it is appropriate to react. Besides, there is a natural (7)________ for people to follow the crowd before the situation is clear.

　　(8)______ of the bystander

　　effect ●You should realize or know the (9)________ of the bystander effect and take measures to get rid of it.

　　●When in need of help, you should (10)________ one from the crowd, which will increase your chance of getting your request across and being helped.

　　1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

　　5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

　　9．________　10.________

　　Ⅱ.书面表达(满分25分)

　　(2015·扬州中学质检)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

　　A set of textbooks designed to help high school students learn about traditional Chinese culture is to be published soon, Beijing Times reported on Monday.

　　The books are the first national­level works of their kind and have been developed by a working group that promotes traditional culture. They will be used by students from autumn this year, the report said.

　　The set contains four classics from ancient times. Two of the works, Confucian Analects and Mencius, are for 10th­grade students, while the other two, Great Learning and Dao De Jing, will be used by 11th graders.

　　The initiative follows a series of steps the authorities have taken in recent years to spread and promote traditional Chinese culture on campus.

　　Last April, the Ministry of Education released a series of guidelines requiring the inclusion of more information about traditional culture in primary and middle school textbooks, especially those used for subjects such as Chinese language, history, art and physical education.

　　The guidelines said students’ knowledge of traditional culture will be tested in the senior high school entrance examination and the gaokao, the college entrance examination.

　　[写作内容]

　　1．用约30个单词写出上文概要；

　　2．用约120个单词就“高中生学国学”这一主题发表你的观点，内容包括：

　　(1)国学入高中的缘由；

　　(2)你对这一举动的看法。

　　[写作要求]

　　1．阐述观点或提供论据时，不能直接引用原文语句；

　　2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；

　　3．不必写标题。

　　[评分标准]

　　内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

　　.1.involved/engaged　2.social　3.endangered/threatened　4.Explanations/Reasons　5.responsibility　6.sure/certain　7.tendency　8.Prevention/Precautions/Avoidance　9.existence　10.choose/select/pick

　　.参考范文：

　　From this autumn on, new schoolbooks highlighting the traditional Chinese culture will be used by senior students, whose knowledge of the countrys ancient traditions will also be tested in the college entrance examination.

　　There’re several factors accounting for the move. The set of books are the significant component of traditional Chinese culture and provide teenagers with internal codes of conduct and thus they will play a positive role in their process of growth. Besides, the basic education system hasn’t attached enough importance to the learning of traditional culture for quite a long time, and the textbooks are a beneficial effort to reverse that situation. In addition, learning traditional culture is not merely about reciting texts — it’s about using ancient wisdom to solve current problems.

　　Personally, I strongly support and welcome the move in that it is an initiative to bring Chinese traditional culture back. However, considering individual differences between students, I am not in complete agreement with the practice that they will be tested in the college entrance examination.