（二模前）2016届高考英语二轮复习词汇综合练：06（解析版）

　　一、单项填空

　　1-5代词、连词和名词

　　1.(浙江省宁波市十校2015届高三3月联考)_______ can be more exciting than the news that the Chinese national football team has reached the tournament knockout stage (淘汰赛阶段)at the Asian Cup.

　　A. Nothing

　　B. Everything

　　C. Anything

　　D. Something

　　【答案】A

　　2.(江苏省泰州市2015届高三第二次模拟)Mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing _______ it can pursue politics, science, art and religion.

　　A. until.

　　B. unless.

　　C. before.

　　D. after

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】句意：人们首先必须得吃喝住穿，然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等。until直到；unless除非，如果不；before在……之前，然后才；after在……之后。根据题意选C。

　　3.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)The south-to-north Water Division Project transports water from south China

　　to the north and northwestern regions to ease water _______ , enabling people in Beijing to drink water from

　　Yangtze River 1500 km away.

　　A. shortage

　　B. absence

　　C. demand

　　D. resource

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】shortage短缺；absence缺席，不在；demand需求；resource资源。句意：南水北调工程把水从中国的南方输送到北方及西北部地区，缓解了水的短缺，使北京的人可以饮到来自1500公里以外的长江水。故选A。

　　4.(江苏省泰州市2015届高三第二次模拟)As is often the case, teachers’_______ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness in school.

　　A. acquaintances

　　B. negotiations

　　C. conferences

　　D. consultations

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】句意：情况经常是这样，家长会上老师们抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰(通常情况下，老师与家长的会议会涉及到抱怨孩子们在校的顽皮和懒惰)。acquaintances知道，熟悉；negotiations协商；conferences会议；consultations请教、咨询、磋商。根据题意选C。

　　5.(江苏省南通、扬州、连云港2015届高三第二次调研测试)Children enjoying parents’ _______ during their growth tend to have better living habits than left-behind children.

　　A. company

　　B. compromise

　　C. command

　　D. comprehension

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：在成长期间享受父母陪伴的孩子比留守儿童趋向于有更好的生活习惯。company陪伴；compromise妥协，折中；command命令；comprehension理解。与题干后面的left-behind children相对应，应是有父母陪伴的孩子。故选A。

　　6-10介词和介词短语

　　6.(2015届湖北天门市高三4月调研考试)The soil is becoming poor because farmers here mostly use only one kind of chemical fertilizer for several years _______.

　　A. in a row

　　B. on a large scale

　　C. at random

　　D. to a degree

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：土壤变得贫瘠，是因为这里的农民大多只使用一种化肥而且连着用好多年。in a row 连着；on a large scale大规模；at random胡乱，任意地，随便地；to a degree在一定程度上，相当。句中的“mostly, only”都已经强调了使用的程度，只有A选项说明的是使用的频率，所以其余三个选项放在这儿都不符合语境。根据句意可知选A。

　　7.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)Finally, I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for my grandma

　　_______ the fact that she had developed cancer.

　　A. In favor of

　　B. in possession of

　　C. in view of

　　D. in charge of

　　【答案】C

　　8.(浙江省2015届高三第二次五校联考)Mom told him he was forbidden to watch TV for a month. _______, he stormed out of the room.

　　A. In response

　　B. In turn

　　C. In return

　　D. In advance

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】In response作为回应；In turn反过来；In return作为回报；In advance提前。句意：母亲告诉他禁止他看电视为时一个月。作为反应，他冲出了房间。根据句意选A项。

　　9.(浙江省慈溪市2015届高三上学期期中测试英语试卷)Anyway, I can’t tell lies about it—it’s _______ my principles, you know.

　　A. against

　　B. above

　　C. beyond

　　D. under

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】against违反，违背，反对。above在……上方；beyond在……后面；under在……下面。句意：无论如何，关于此事我不能撒谎。你知道，这是违背我的原则的。

　　10.(江苏扬州市2017—2015学年度高三第一学期期末)_______ his broken legs, Tom was forced to abandon the coming provincial sports meeting, which made him very depressed.

　　A. In case of

　　B. In terms of

　　C. On top of

　　D. On account of

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：由于他受伤的腿，汤姆被迫放弃参加即将到来的省运动会，这使他十分沮丧。which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句内容。in case of 以防万一；in terms of根据，就……而言；on top of 除了……以外；on account of 由于，因为。故选D。

　　11-16副词和形容词

　　11.(2015年福建省厦门市高中毕业班适应性考试)The interview was ______ important for his future career so he spared no effort to prepare for it.

　　A. severely

　　B. universally

　　C. originally

　　D. extremely

　　【答案】D

　　12.(湖北省天门市2015届高三4月调研考试)With the city ______ clouded by dirty smog, the government has planned to shut down the four major coal-fired power plants.

　　A. abruptly

　　B. frequently

　　C. occasionally

　　D. regularly

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】句意：随着城市频繁地被肮脏的烟雾所笼罩，政府已经计划关闭四个燃煤发电厂。abruptly突然地； frequently频繁地；occasionally偶然地；regularly习惯地。根据句意可知选B。

　　13.(浙江省宁波市2015届高三上学期期末考试)You’d better learn more about table manners, because the British are rather ______ about it.

　　A. responsible

　　B. casual

　　C. particular

　　D. upset

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】responsible负责的；casual随意的；particular特别的，挑剔的，详细的；upset沮丧的。句意：你最好多学点餐桌礼仪，因为英国人对此尤为讲究。be particular about对…很认真；讲究。故选C。

　　14.(浙江省宁波市2015届高三上学期期末考试)With the word “Tuhao” _______ appearing in media reports,

　　people pay greater attention to rich people’s life.

　　A. simply

　　B. constantly

　　C. generally

　　D. consequently

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】simply简单地，朴素地；仅仅constantly不断地，时常地；generally一般地，普遍地；consequently因此，终于。句意：由于“土豪”这个词时常出现在媒体报道中，所以一人们额外关心富人的生活。故选B。

　　15.(浙江省宁波市十校2015届高三3月联考)The noise of a nearby construction site terrified the shrimps that need a quiet environment, and _______ caused their death.

　　A. automatically

　　B. particularly

　　C. hopefully

　　D. eventually

www.gkxx.comD

　　www.gkxx.com【解析】automatically自动地；particularly特别地；hopefully有希望地；eventually最终地。句意：附近的一个建筑工地的噪音吓坏了需要安静环境的虾，最终造成了它们的死亡。故选D。

　　16.(浙江省宁波市十校2015届高三3月联考)— Can I make an appointment with Dr. Smith this afternoon?

　　—Sorry, I’m afraid he is not _______ because he has a patient to operate on.

　　A. convenient

　　B. available

　　C. accessible

　　D. valid

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】convenient方便的；available有效的，空闲的，可利用的；accessible易接近的；valid有效的。句意：——今天下午我可以约见史密斯医生吗？——不好意思，恐怕不行，他没有时间。因为他有一名病人需要手术。故选B。

　　17-30动词和动词短语

　　17.(2015届湖北天门市高三4月调研考试)The program Masters Lectures of CCTV is both interesting and instructive. No wonder it _______ a large audience.

　　A. adapts to

　　B. appeals to

　　C. accounts for

　　D. allows for

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】句意：中央台“名人大讲堂”栏目不但有趣，而且具有教育意义，难怪它吸引了大量观众。adapts to接受；appeals to吸引；accounts for计算；allows for允许。根据句意可知选B。

　　18.(浙江省慈溪中学2016届高三上学期期中)He finally found a hotel at the corner of the street ______ 60 dollars for a single room with bath.

　　A. offering

　　B. claiming

　　C. demanding

　　D. charging

　　【答案】D

　　19.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)If your child tends to _______ children of his own age and push them round, try to arrange for him to play with older children who will have no trouble in holding their own.

　　A. dominate

　　B. condemn

　　C. distinguish

　　D. assume

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】dominate对……施加决定性影响，支配，控制；condemn谴责，判刑；distinguish区分，辨别，使杰出；assume承担，假定，采取，呈现。句意：如果你家的孩子倾向于支配统治同龄的伙伴并欺负他们，尽量安排比他大的孩子和他玩，大孩子是不会受他控制的。 故选A。

　　20.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been

　　_______ from curing diseases to preventing diseases—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors.

　　A. confirming

　　B. committing

　　C. shifting

　　D. concluding

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】shift改换，变动，替换；confirm确认，证实，批准；commit犯罪，做错事；conclude推断，作结论。句意：正如我们所看到的那样，当今社会医疗保健的重点已经从治愈疾病向预防疾病转变，特别是在改变我们许多不健康的行为方面。故选C。

　　22.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)The phrase “new normal”, one of the top 10 new expressions of 2017,

　　conveyed the idea that China needs to _______ the quality of its economic development and adapt to a new situation.

　　A. meet with

　　B. put off

　　C. give away

　　D. focus on

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】focus on集中注意力于；meet with符合，遭受；put off推迟，脱去；give away放弃(机会)；泄露(秘密等)，分发，出卖。句意：“新常态”，2017年十大新词汇之一，传递了这样的理念，中国必须注重经济发展的质量和适应新的形势。故选D。

　　23.(湖北省八市2015届高三3月联考)The Chinese sports idol Li Na shocked fans by _______ her racket(球拍)

　　due to serious injuries in September, on the eve of a tournament in Wuhan, her home city.

　　A. hanging up

　　B. putting up

　　C. breaking up

　　D. holding up

　　【答案】A

　　24.(福建省泉州市第一中学2015届高三下学期适应性考试)In both China and New Zealand, strong winds of

　　reform and development are _______ across the country.

　　A. running

　　B. sweeping

　　C. pushing

　　D. upsetting

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】run运行；sweep席卷；push推；upset失望。句意：当前，中国和新西兰都吹起改革发展的劲风。故B正确。

　　25.(安徽省淮南市第二中学2015届高三第三次模拟)Both men have been _______to life imprisonment because

　　of robbery.

　　A. choked

　　B. condemned

　　C. consisted

　　D. convinced

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】be condemned to被宣判，判处某种刑罚，condemn有多种解释：谴责，非难；被定……罪，判……刑；宣告……不适用或不宜服役；使处于(某种特定地位或境界)；依法征用、没收、充公。condemn sb. for sth.因某事谴责某人。句意：两个男人都由于抢劫罪被宣判终身监禁，故选B。

　　26.(江苏扬州市2017—2015学年度高三第一学期期末)It would actually be more cruel to _______ young people of the chance to experience another lifestyle.

　　A. deprive

　　B. cheat

　　C. suspect

　　D. accuse

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】句意：剥夺年轻人对经历另一种生活方式选择的权利实际上会更加残忍。deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某物。deprive 剥夺；cheat 欺骗；suspect 怀疑；accuse 指控。故选A。

　　27.(浙江省2015届高三第二次五校联考)Many memories of old times were _______ by the conversation we had together that evening.

　　A. called up

　　B. turned up

　　C. taken up

　　D. kept up

　　【答案】A

　　28.(浙江省2015届高三第二次五校联考)I wanted to _______ them the trouble of buying me a present. So I didn’t tell them about my birthday party.

　　A. dismiss

　　B. spare

　　C. remove

　　D. submit

　　www.gkxx.com【答案】B

　　【解析】dismiss解雇；spare抽出，省掉；remove去除；submit提交。句意：我想省得他们麻烦给我买礼物，所以没有告诉他们我生日聚会的事。根据句意选B项。

　　29.(浙江省2015届高三第二次五校联考)He hadn’t been asked to the party and was feeling very _______.

　　A. turned down

　　B. broken down

　　C. stressed out

　　D. left out

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】turned down拒绝；broken down坏了；stressed out承受压力；left out遗漏，省略，未顾及，忽略。句意：没有被邀请去参加聚会，他感觉被冷落了。根据语境可知选D项。

　　30.(福建省永安市2015届高三下学期质检)You probably have noticed that people express similar ideas in different ways, _______ the situation they are in.

　　A. bringing about

　　B. depending on

　　C. getting into

　　D. leading to

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】句意：你可能会注意到人们会用不同的方式表达相似的观点，这主要取决于他们所处的情景。 bringing about带来；depending on取决；getting into进入；leading to导致。根据情景和词义，故选B项。

　　二、短文填词

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(改编自河北省正定中学2016届高三上学期期中考试)The Internet is an amazing information resource. Students, teachers, and researchers use it as

　　1

　　investigative tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the

　　2

　　(late) medical development. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over the world use it to connect with individuals from

　　3

　　countries and cultures. However,

　　4

　　there are many positive developments

　　5

　　(associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns.

　　6

　　concern relates to a lack of control over

　　7

　　appears on the Internet. With television and radio there are editors to check the accuracy or appropriateness of the content of programs, and with television there are

　　8

　　(restrict) on what kinds of programs can

　　9

　　(broadcast) and at what times of the day. With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable

　　10

　　their children to see.

　　语篇解读：互联网是一个惊人的信息资源库。各行各业、世界各地的人都在使用互联网。但是互联网所带来的负面影响也不容忽视。

　　1.【答案】an

　　【解析】考查冠词。根据上文意思应为：把因特网作为一种调查工具使用，又因为其后为元音字母开头，所以答案为an。

　　2.【答案】latest

　　【解析】考查the+形容词最高级的形式。句意：医生们用它来进一步了解不熟悉的疾病和最新的医学发展。由于其前有the，所以应为最高级。

　　3.【答案】other/different

　　4.【答案】while/though /although

　　【解析】考查上下文逻辑关系。根据转折连词however，后面会讲到英特网的一些消极因素。因此用while/though /although引导让步状语从句，引出所要叙述的fears and concerns.。句意：不过,虽然与互联网有关的发展已经取得积极的进步，但是确实也有一些问题让人恐惧和担忧。

　　5.【答案】associated

　　【解析】考查过去分词短语作后置定语。所以应为associated。句意：不过,虽然与互联网有关的发展已经取得积极的进步，但是确实也有一些问题让人恐惧和担忧。

　　6.【答案】One

　　【解析】考查数词。One根据上文的concerns为复数形式，而下文concern relates to…是单数，所以后文应该是就其中一个方面来谈的，所以应为one。句意：其中一个担忧与人们对发布到互联网上的内容缺乏控制有关。

　　7.【答案】what

　　【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：其中一个担忧与人们对发布到互联网上的内容缺乏控制有关。此处所填的空应该作appear的主语，其所引导的appears on the Internet又作宾语。所以此处应填what。

　　8.【答案】restrictions

　　【解析】考查名词。 根据there are，此处应为名词复数形式。句意：对于电台电视台来说，他们有编辑来审核节目内容的准确度和合适性。对于电视台来说，播出节目的类型以及播出时间会有所限制。

　　9.【答案】be broadcast(ed)

　　【解析】考查被动语态。什么种类的节目能够被广播。此处为broadcast(ed)。

　　10.【答案】for

　　三、完形填空

　　(改编自浙江建人高复学校2016届高三上学期第一次月考)In 2017, I had just recovered form a serious illness when I received an invitation to a writer's conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n)

　　1

　　might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I

　　2

　　.

　　Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I

　　3

　　to catch a taxi to my

　　4

　　and settle in. Next morning, I took another

　　5

　　to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.

　　6

　　I went to a cafe to have lunch, but all the tables were

　　7

　　. Then I heard a friendly voice saying, "You can

　　8

　　my table."

　　I gratefully sat down with the

　　9

　　lady and we had a happy lunch together. As the

　　10

　　drew to a close she asked how long I would be in Orlando. I had already told her that I hadn't

　　11

　　a car, and hadn't

　　realized how

　　12

　　taking taxis would be. After a while she said, "My dear, don't use any more taxis. I'm retired and it would be my pleasure to

　　13

　　you wherever you wish." I told her that I couldn't put her to that

　　14

　　,

　　but she brushed aside my protests. She asked me where I was

　　15

　　and next morning she was waiting at my apartment at the

　　16

　　time to take me to Disney World. She spent some time with me before leaving me to

　　17

　　alone. At the end of the day, she

　　18

　　to take me back to my accommodation. I

　　19

　　her money but she refused to take any.

　　I'll never forget that wonderful lady who, through her

　　20

　　, filled my brief holiday in Florida with wonderful memories.

　　语篇解读：刚刚从一场重病中痊愈的我应邀到弗罗里达州奥兰多市去参加写作会议，有一位老人用她的善举让我在那个陌生的地方的短暂假期充满了美好的回忆。

　　1. A. holiday

　　B. ceremony

　　C. operation

　　D. experiment

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. holiday假期，假日；B. ceremony仪式；C. operation手术，经营；D. experiment实验。句意：2017年，我刚从一场重病痊愈就收到一封去弗罗里达州奥兰多市参加作家大会的邀请函。我家人也在说服我，说休个假正好是医生的嘱咐，(于是我就去了)。另外根据文章最后一句filled my brief holiday in Florida可知也应该指假期。故A正确。

　　2. A. kept

　　B. went

　　C. dropped

　　D. knocked

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. kept保持，保留；B. went去；C. dropped扔，掉落；D. knocked敲。因为作者从病中恢复，现在有机会度假，所以他就去了。这里使用了词组go off出发。keep off不要践踏，drop off中途下客卸货，knock off撞倒，停止，中断。所以选B。

　　3. A. intended

　　B. promised

　　C. managed

　　D. deserved

　　【答案】C

　　4. A. hospital

　　B. company

　　C. university

　　D. accommodation

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. hospital医院；B. company 公司；C. university大学；D. accommodation住处。因为作者是来开会的，所以是到达住处，根据下文的句子At the end of the day, she

　　18

　　to take me back to my accommodation.也可以知道答案，所以选D。

　　5. A. colleague

　　B. passenger

　　C. suitcase

　　D. taxi

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. colleague同事；B. passenger乘客；C. suitcase箱子；D. taxi出租车。根据上文，but I managed to

　　catch a taxi to my accommodation可知作者是乘出租车到达住处的，第二天早上，他又打了一辆出租车到购物中心去买了一些纪念品。故D正确。

　　6. A. Instead

　　B. First

　　C. Later

　　D. Once

　　【答案】C

　　www.gkxx.com【解析】A. Instead相反；B. First首先；C. Later后来；D. Once一旦。这里表示作者的行程，先去买了纪念品，后来去咖啡店吃午饭。故C正确。

　　www.gkxx.com7. A. classified

　　B. occupied

　　C. decorated

　　D. painted

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. classified分类；B. occupied占据；C. decorated装饰；D. painted粉刷。根据表示转折的连词but和下文的内容，Then I heard a friendly voice saying, "You can

　　8

　　my table."可知这里的桌子都被人占了。故B正确。

　　8. A. share

　　B. reserve

　　C. set

　　D. possess

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. share分享，共用；B. reserve保留；C. set设置；D. possess拥有。根据下文的内容，I gratefully sat down with the

　　9

　　lady and we had a happy lunch together.可知一个友善的声音传来邀请作者共用一个餐桌。故A正确。6-8句意：随后我就去了一家小餐馆吃午饭，但是餐桌都被占满了。这时候我突然听见一个友善的声音：“你可以跟我共用一张餐桌。”

　　9. A. old

　　B. poor

　　C. innocent

　　D. stubborn

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】A. old老的；B. poor穷的；C. innocent天真的，无知的；D. stubborn固执的。根据下文的：I’m retired 可知这是一个老太太，所以选A。句意：我充满感激地与老奶奶坐在一起，愉快地用完了我们的午餐。

　　10. A. journey

　　B. meal

　　C. speech

　　D. interview

　　【答案】B

　　11. A. donated

　　B. repaired

　　C. hired

　　D. guided

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. donated捐赠；B. repaired修理；C. hired租用；D. guided带领，指导。根据前文内容以及第三段中"My dear, don't use any more taxis."可知作者出行是打出租车的，没有租辆车。所以选C。

　　12. A. convenient

　　B. worthwhile

　　C. unfortunate

　　D. expensive

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. convenient方便；B. worthwhile值得；C. unfortunate不幸的；D. expensive昂贵的。根据第三段中"My dear, don't use any more taxis."可知老太太劝作者不要打出租车，因为打出租车太贵

　　了。句意：我在这之前我跟他说过我没有租车，也没有意识到那里打出租车会是那么贵。所以选D。

　　13. A. inspire

　　B. entertain

　　C. call

　　D. drive

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】A. inspire激励；B. entertain娱乐；C. call叫，打电话；D. drive驾驶，用车送。根据前句内容可知老太太劝作者不要打出租车，因为打出租车太贵了，并且她已经退休，很乐意开车送作者去想去的地方。所以选D。句意：过了一会，她说：“孩子，别再打车了，我现在是个退休的人，你想到那里去我很乐意送送你。”

　　14. A. business

　　B. argument

　　C. trouble

　　D. challenge

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. business生意；B. argument争论；C. trouble 麻烦；D. challenge挑战。根据上文内容以及常识可知，老太太很乐意开车送作者去想去的地方，但作者告诉她不想那么麻烦她。put sb. to trouble意为“给某人添麻烦，使某人受累”。句意：我说我不想给她添麻烦，但老太太完全不顾我的反对。所以选C。

　　15. A. working

　　B. staying

　　C. moving

　　D. shopping

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. working工作；B. staying停留；C. moving移动，搬家；D. shopping购物。根据下文：next morning she was waiting at my apartment第二天老太太等在作者公寓门口，所以是问作者住在什么地方，表示临时的逗留在……地方，用stay。所以选B。

　　16. A. appointed

　　B. limited

　　C. favourite

　　D. regular

　　【答案】A

　　17. A. digest

　　B. explore

　　C. perform

　　D. calculate

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】A. digest消化，咀嚼；B. explore探索；C perform表现，表演；D. calculate计算，估计。根据空前"She spent some time with me."以及后文"At the end of the day, she

　　18

　　to take me back to my accommodation. "可知老太太让作者独自在迪斯尼世界探索。所以选B。句意：她先陪了我一会儿，然后才让我一个人探索迪斯尼乐园。

　　18. A. forgot

　　B. refused

　　C. returned

　　D. preferred

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. forgot忘记；B. refused拒绝；C. returned.回来，归还；D. preferred更喜欢。根据上文，She spent some time with me before leaving me to explore alone. 根据空前"She spent some time with me."以及本题"At the end of the day, she

　　18

　　to take me back to my accommodation. "可知在一天结束的时候老太太回来接作者回住所。所以选C。

　　19. A. sent

　　B. lent

　　C. offered

　　D. owed

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】A. sent送；B. lent借出；C. offered提供，给；D. owed欠。因为老太太用车送作者来回，作者给她钱但是她拒绝接受。短语offer sb. sth.主动(提供)给某人某物。所以选C。句意：我主动给她钱，但她分文不收。

　　20. A. confidence

　　B. dignity

　　C. curiosity

　　D. kindness

　　【答案】D