2016届高考英语二轮复习攻关篇专题训练：题型1 阅读理解2.2.5（新课标全国通用）

　　专题五 生态环保类

　　专项强化·训练

　　A

　　(2015南昌一模)

　　Even if trees cannot walk,they are still on the move.

　　In parts of the Arctic,entire forests are moving northward.Across the Arctic,temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world.As that happens,the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra(冻原)starts has been shifting northward.Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.To do this,plants tend to grow horizontal(水平的)branches low to the ground.The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don’t have enough energy to make seeds.

　　But as Earth’s climate has been warming,trees no longer have to just grow horizontally.Many can instead grow up toward the sky.This takes less energy.And with all that leftover energy,these trees have started producing more seeds.This happens especially in places where white spruce(白云杉)grows.

　　White spruce,which is a North American tree,is quite able to produce a lot of seeds,which can move long distances in the wind.When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line,they eventually can sprout(发芽)new trees.This explains how a forest can move.Of course,the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough.But in recent years,the whole planet has been warming.

　　New trees will provide shelters for some snow,keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Instead,the trees absorb the sun’s heat.This warms the surrounding air.The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds.That further boosts a forest’s ability to expand.In addition,more trees will trap more snow,preventing much of it from being blown away.Snow can trap heat in the soil below,which encourages trees to grow.The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line.People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇科研报告,主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。

　　1.What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?

　　A.The shrinking of northern tundra.

　　B.The rising temperature.

　　C.The fierce and cold wind.

　　D.The abundant resources in the north.

　　解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Across the Arctic,temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world”以及本段的整体内容可知,不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因,即B项正确。

　　答案:B

　　2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A.To produce more seeds.

　　B.To move northward.

　　C.To respond to the climate change.

　　D.To protect themselves from the cold wind.

　　解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind.”可知,画线词this指代的是本句中的“protect themselves from the cold wind”,即D项正确。

　　答案:D

　　3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

　　A.New trees can trap the snow,which may make the soil colder.

　　B.The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.

　　C.New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.

　　D.New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.

　　解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“New trees will provide shelters for some snow.Keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear.Instead,the trees absorb the sun’s heat.This warms the surrounding air”可推知,新树会让周围的空气更加温暖,即C项正确。

　　答案:C

　　4.The passage is most probably taken from　. 

　　A.a science report

　　B.a health report

　　C.a fashion magazine

　　D.a children’s magazine

　　解析:文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知,本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响,故该文应选自科研报告,即A项正确。

　　答案:A

　　B

　　(2015广西桂林、防城港联考)

　　Planetary changes which will have an influence on many are drawing near because of the poor ecological state of the planet.Actually change has already begun through climate changes,but most humans haven’t noticed this yet.Climate changes have begun to influence the world already and will begin to worsen within the next few years.Around 2011 most people will begin to see that the results of climate changes will be far more serious than now understood.

　　As the planet is under big geological(地质的)stresses,which are continuously increasing,it will in the future no longer be able to support its population.Scarcity(缺乏)of resources,overfarming,lack of clean air,not enough clean drinking water and drought are some of the issues that will all play a much greater role in the near future.

　　Humans have caused large ecological devastation(破坏).The lifestyles of many people are improving at a fast speed;however,this will finally result in a lack of some precious resources.When this scarcity begins to happen,people will no longer be able to have sustainable(可持续的)lifestyles.

　　It’s important to understand that everyone plays a role in the whole process of life.Each person’s decision can finally affect the future.These decisions,all combined,can have a very good effect on what the future will be like for humans.So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment.

　　While more and more people are becoming aware of climate change and other environmental problems related to global warming,not all are fully understanding how far-reaching its effects will be.Unfortunately most of the humans are aware that the planet isn’t functioning well,but they don’t understand that this is creating a major problem for the future survival of humans.

　　So,every person should make the necessary changes to reduce their influence on the environment and help create a more sustainable future.

　　【语篇导读】由于人类的不可持续的生活方式,我们这个星球发生了很多不好的变化:气候恶化、资源匮乏等等。更为可怕的是,很多人并没有意识到这样做对未来有多么深远的影响。要想改变这种不良的趋势,每一个人都必须做出努力。

　　5.What is the best title for the passage?

　　A.The Causes of Planetary Changes

　　B.The Influence of Ecological Development

　　C.The Ways of Building a Sustainable Future

　　D.Environmental Damage and the Human Future

　　解析:主旨大意题。文章首先提到我们的生态环境正遭受着破坏,而破坏生态环境的正是人类自己,生态环境的破坏制约着人类的未来,由此判断全文主题是:环境破坏与人类的未来,故选择D项。

　　答案:D

　　6.It can be known from the first paragraph that 　. 

　　A.planetary changes are caused by global warming

　　B.climate changes will affect the life of humans soon

　　C.the ecological state of the earth has been destroyed

　　D.most people don’t realize the dangers of climate changes

　　解析:细节理解题。由第一段“Actually change has already begun through climate changes,but most humans haven’t noticed this yet.”可知大多数人没有意识到气候变化的危险,故选择D项。

　　答案:D

　　7.What opinion does the author most probably hold?

　　A.Humans shouldn’t try to improve their lifestyles.

　　B.The future we’ll have depends on every one of us.

　　C.The ecological devastation is coming to a stop soon.

　　D.The future of humans can be determined ahead of time.

　　解析:推理判断题。由第四段“Each person’s decision can finally affect the future...So the future depends on the choices we make at the present moment.”可知,作者认为每个人的一举一动都会对未来产生影响。

　　答案:B

　　8.In the last paragraph the author is trying to 　. 

　　A.encourage people to make efforts to protect the environment

　　B.call on people to work hard to make their future better

　　C.warn people of the dangers of ecological devastation

　　D.tell people the right way to protect the environment

　　解析:推理判断题。应从全文主旨理解最后一段的意思。生态环境与人类的未来息息相关,所以为了创造更具持续性的未来,我们有必要改变我们的行为来减少对环境的影响,由此判断,最后一段是在鼓励人们尽自己的努力保护环境,故选择A项。

　　答案:A

　　9.The author’s attitude in this text is 　. 

　　A.indifferentB.negative

　　C.serious D.humorous

　　解析:推理判断题。文章讲述的是生态环境的破坏对人类未来的影响,话题是严肃而沉重的,且文中语句也是严肃的,由此判断,作者的态度是严肃认真的,故此题选择C项。

　　答案:C

　　C

　　(2015福州二模)

　　The 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature went to the French novelist “for the art of memory” with which he has “uncovered the life-world of the occupation”.

　　Although the 69-year-old writer is a very popular literary figure in France,he is little known elsewhere.

　　So who is this Patrick Modiano,why does his memory have such an influence upon him,and what exactly has he uncovered?

　　Modiano was born in a suburb of Paris right after World War Ⅱ ended in Europe in July 1945.His father was a Jewish-Italian businessman who met his Belgian actress mother during the Nazi occupation of Paris.

　　As The New Yorker magazine put it,Europeans born in 1945 share a condition—They escaped the war, but “not the taint(污点)of the war”.

　　Modiano’s life has been influenced by Nazi Germany’s occupation during the war,and his family’s connections to it.According to New York-based newspaper Forward,his father survived the war dishonorably.When Paris’ Jews were brought together to be sent to concentration camps,the businessman did not join them but spent the time making money from deals with Nazis on the black market.

　　“The novelist has a duty to record the lives of the people who have disappeared,the people who were made to disappear,” French writer Clemency Boulouque,also an expert in Jewish studies,told The New Yorker magazine.

　　In his more than three dozen novels,Modiano has returned again and again to the same themes:Jewishness,the Nazi occupation,and loss of identity.His characters collect pieces of old evidence,handwriting,photographs,police files,and newspaper cuttings.

　　His most admired novel,Missing Person,is a good example.It’s the story about a detective who has lost his memory.He tries to find out who he really is by following his own steps through history.

　　Although Modiano’s win is a surprise outside France,people are celebrating in his home country.Modiano is the 15th French literature winner.After Le Clezio’s 2008 win,it seemed unlikely that there would be another so soon.

　　【语篇导读】本文是一篇资讯报道人物传记。主要告诉我们2017年诺贝尔文学奖得主Modiano的获奖原因和主要经历与作品主要相关内容。

　　10.The passage is mainly about 　. 

　　A.a literary figure’s personal affairs

　　B.a famous novelist’s family background

　　C.a Nobel Prize winner and his literary achievement

　　D.European people’s sufferings during World War Ⅱ

　　解析:主旨大意题。通读全文,并根据文章的第一段“The 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature went to the French novelist ‘for the art memory’...”可知本文主要讲述的是诺贝尔文学奖获得者和他的文学成就。故选C项。

　　答案:C

　　11.Which of the following statements about Patrick Modiano is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.He is a survivor of World War Ⅱ.

　　B.He tried to find back his lost identity.

　　C.World War Ⅱ has an impact on his life.

　　D.He was world-famous before winning the Nobel Prize.

　　解析:推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Modiano was born in a suburb of Paris right after World War

　　ended in Europe in July 1945.”可知第二次世界大战时他还没有出生,排除A项;根据文章的倒数第二段“His most admired novel,Missing Person,is a good example.It’s the story about a detective who has lost his memory.He tries to final out who he really is by following his own steps through history.”可排除B项;根据文章最后一段中的“Although Modiano’s win is a surprise outside France,people are celebrating in his home counter.”可知Modiano在获得诺贝尔文学奖之前并不著名,排除D项;根据文章第六段的“Modiano’s life has been influenced by Nazi Germany’s occupation during the war,and his family’s connections to it.”可知第二次世界大战对作者的影响很大。故选C项。

　　答案:C

　　12.Modiano won the Nobel Prize because of 　. 

　　A.his extraordinary character

　　B.his unique way of recording history

　　C.his characters’ unusual experiences

　　D.his special connections to the war

　　解析:推理判断题。通读全文,并根据文章第一段的“The 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature went to the French novelist ‘for the art memory’ with which he has ‘uncovered the life-world of the occupation’”可知Modiano获得诺贝尔文学奖的原因就是他独一无二的记录历史的方式。故选B项。

　　答案:B

　　13.It can be inferred from the passage that 　. 

　　A.Modiano’s parents were sent to the concentration camp

　　B.Modiano’s winning the Prize was beyond expectation

　　C.Modiano’s father had nothing to do with the Nazis

　　D.Clemency Boulouque is also of Jewish origin

　　解析:推理判断题。通读全文,根据文章的最后一段“Modiano is the 15th French literature winner.After Le Clezio’s 2008 win,it seemed unlikely that there would be another so soon.”可知他的获奖是出乎意料的。故选B项。

　　答案:B