3月29日,“学会告别”2017清明交流会在上海福寿园举行。作为自主选择身后事的一部分,生前契约在中国尚未成熟,在沪推行半年仅签约100单。
2016年3月23日,陈兆荣老人成为江苏签订“生前契约”的第一人。
Cemeteries in Shanghai are running trials on pre-plan funeral arrangement contracts.
上海一些墓园试行推出“生前契约”。
The service allows people to decide their own funeral arrangements. They sign contracts with funeral service providers and tailor the service content to suit themselves.
“生前契约”服务可以让人们决定自己的葬礼安排。他们跟殡葬服务机构签约,定制适合自己的葬礼服务。
“生前契约”(pre-plan funeral arrangement contracts)是一个涵盖从临终关怀(hospice care)、殡葬服务(funeral service),到纪念(memorial service)及死亡教育(death education)等流程内容的个性定制化服务产品(personalized service),每项服务可由当事人自己增选、定制,而且费用可以在签订契约之前商定,然后落实到契约中。
“生前契约”的普及率在美国高达90%,在日本也已超过70%,但是在国内的接受度还不高,最大的阻碍是传统观念。中国人一般比较忌讳谈死,很多市民认为给自己操办丧事会“触霉头”、“不吉利”(talking about death is believed to bring ill fortune by many Chinese people)。
中国殡葬协会专家委员会常务副主任兼秘书长伊华表示,很多人内心对身后事是有需求的,但是受传统观念影响,不能用自己想要的方式告别,“‘生前契约’就是让人在活着的时候和家人一起商量身后事情,对死亡有个准备(get prepared for death),不至于家人为身后事忙乱。”
随着清明节的临近,有关绿色安葬和绿色祭扫的讨论再次成为民众的关注点。这几点,民政部门一直推动有条件的地方建立节地生态安葬奖补制度,生态安葬(ecological/eco-friendly burials),简称eco-burials(生态葬)。比如:
草坪葬 grassland burial
海葬sea burial
树葬 tree burial
花葬 flower burials
同时,各种环境友好型祭奠方式越来越成为主流,比如:
网上悼念 online tribute
在树上系黄丝带 tie yellow ribbons to trees
折纸鹤放在瓶中 place folded paper cranes in bottles
用白菊花代替纸钱 replace ghost money with white chrysanthemum
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