1)must have done 过去一定做了某事,只用于肯定句。
2)can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事
3)could have done “本来可以……”(表示过去没有实现的可能)。 4)may /might have done “本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事”(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。 5)should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”(而实际未做) 6)should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”(实际却做过了,含有责备语气) 7)needn’t have done “本来不必做”(但是已经做过了) 8)would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”(实际没有做过);
否定式would rather not have done, 表达相反意思“宁愿当时没有做某事”,两者都有后悔之意。
练习: 1. We
have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.
A.may not B.needn’t C.can’t
D.mustn’t (2017江西) 2. I met Mr. White shortly after the Second World War, and that ___ about March 1946, I suppose.
A. is
B. maybe
C. must have been
D. may have been
3. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended
B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended
D. shouldn’t have attended
4. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t (北京) 5. –Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. –Thanks. You _____ it. I could manage it myself.(福建) A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 6. –If the traffic hadn’t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock. –What a pity! Tina _____ here to see you.(湖南) A. is B. was C. would be D. has been 7.A traffic accident happened on the highway, and a driver _____.
A. may have hurt
B. may be hurting
C. may be hurt
D. may have been hurt
8. He paid for a seat, when he _____ have entered free.(山东) A. could B. would C. must D. need
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