2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 3 Computers（新人教版必修2）

　　Unit 3 Computers

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　(2015·安徽)

　　As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information，are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information，why store it in your own personal memory，your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.

　　In a recent study，Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory.In the first experiment，they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer.The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information.The second group understood that the computer would not save it.Later，the second group remembered the information better.People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it.

　　In another experiment，the researchers gave people facts to remember，and told them where to find the information on the computer.The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly，people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts.When people use the Internet，they do not remember the information.Rather，they remember how to find it.This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)．”

　　According to Sparrow，we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet.Instead，computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is，people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date.This doesn't mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent，but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.

　　文章大意：文章主要讲的是互联网给人类的记忆带来的影响。互联网使用者越来越依赖互联网来储存信息，人们这样做是否会丧失记忆事物的能力呢？专家怀疑互联网可能正在改变人们的记忆内容和方式。

　　1．The passage begins with two questions to ________.

　　A．introduce the main topic

　　B．show the author's attitude

　　C．describe how to use the Internet

　　D．explain how to store information

　　答案：A　写作意图题。根据第一段“Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.”可知，作者使用两个问句是为了引出要讨论的话题。

　　2．What can we learn about the first experiment?

　　A．The Sparrow's team typed the information into a computer.

　　B．The two groups remembered the information equally well.

　　C．The first group did not try to remember the information.

　　D．The second group did not understand the information.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段“People in the first group knew they could find the information again，so they did not try to remember it.”可知答案。

　　3．In transactive memory，people ________.

　　A．keep the information in mind

　　B．change the quantity of information

　　C．organize information like a computer

　　D．remember how to find the information

　　答案：D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Rather，they remember how to find it.This is called‘transactive memory(交互记忆)’”可知，在交互记忆里，人们记得怎样找到信息。

　　4．What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrow's research?

　　A．We are using memory differently.

　　B.We are becoming more intelligent.

　　C．We have poorer memories than before.

　　D.We need a better way to access information.

　　答案：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing”可知，互联网对人们的记忆产生的影响是它改变了我们使用记忆力的方式。

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

　　(2015·山西省太原市二模)

　　iPads vs. Textbooks

　　What if you could have your whole backpack at the touch of your fingertips? In the first month of the Apple iPads release, 25 million were sold! People all over the world use iPads for all sorts of different things, but one of their finest qualities is the ability to be a textbook. __1__

　　To begin with, iPads are less expensive. Textbooks become outdated and schools have to buy new books, but with an iPad schools can update them for free. __2__ Schools don't have to spend $500 every year for iPads because they last a while and can be updated.

　　__3__ Students usually have multiple classes, which results in multiple textbooks. Heavy backpacks filled with books can cause back problem. A solution to that is an iPad, which only weighs 1.33 pounds and can hold all of a student's textbooks.

　　Third, schools should get rid of their textbooks and get iPads because they have more capabilities. Some might think all of the apps are distracting, but the apps actually make iPads more efficient. __4__ Textbooks cannot do those tasks, but iPads can easily do them with just a tap of the fingertip.

　　Lastly, iPads are a better choice for schools instead of textbooks because these devices allow students to access their learning anywhere at any time. __5__ With iPads, they find it easier to get their homework done.

　　In conclusion, schools should get rid of their clumsy textbooks and switch to iPads. iPads have allowed this generation to have their entire backpack in the palm of their hands.

　　A．These tablets are perfect for busy students.

　　B．Second, iPads cost less and are more popular.

　　C．Therefore, they can use the saved money for other programs.

　　D．iPads have already replaced textbooks in over 600 American counties.

　　E．Moreover, in high school, textbooks have an average of 4.8 pounds each.

　　F．Schools have every reason to do away with their school books and switch to iPads.

　　G．iPads absorb the need to buy calculators, dictionaries, and other items that are found within the device.

　　文章大意：本文主要以电子产品iPad为话题，对比传统教科书的缺点；说明了学校应该用iPad替代textbooks的原因。

　　1．F　本段为主题段，总结下文的五段原因；第三句话是本文的主题句；do away with their school books 表示抛弃传统教科书；switch to iPads 表示要用iPad，可知答案选F。

　　2．C　根据前句说iPad的优点是可以免费更新；__2__承接上句选项C中用saved money，可知答案选C。

　　3．E　此题容易错选成B; 但是，根据本段的主题是说iPad的重量轻，便于携带。故答案选E。

　　4．G　根据__4__空前句的关键词apps，可以替换选项中的calculators, dictionaries, and...。可知答案选G。

　　5．A　根据前后句逻辑关系，可知前后句表示并列；是说让学习变得更容易。由此可知答案选A。

　　Ⅲ.语法填空

　　阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　(2015·惠州市二模)

　　French and American doctors have done an operation together in which the doctors were outside the operating room. This kind of operation __1__(know) as a robotic operation.

　　Doctor Marescaux did the operation in __2__ office in New York City last month. However, a sixty­year­old woman patient was in a hospital in Strasbourg, France.

　　Two doctors in Strasbourg got the patient ready. __3__ placed medical tools and a small video camera in her stomach. Meanwhile, Doctor Marescaux in New York watched her on a video screen and then sent messages to the robot machine __4__ the computer. The robot moved the tools that cut the woman's gall bladder away. __5__(short) after the operation, the woman made a full recovery and left the hospital two days later.

　　Doctors hold the belief __6__ such a robotic operation will make safer and better operations in the future and will improve doctor training as well. __7__， it will also mean that doctors could do an operation on people in __8__(danger) places far away. More importantly, people could have operations __9__(do) by top doctors without having to travel to the city __10__ the doctors work.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：这是一篇故事。本文主要讲述了两位医生通过电脑和网络远程指挥机器人成功做手术的故事，这解除了医生们远途跋涉做手术的困难。

　　1．命题立意：考查时态和语态。

　　答案：is known 　根据该句的主语是know的动作承受者，语境叙述的客观现实。故填is

　　known。

　　2．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　答案：an　根据文意是纽约的一间办公室，判断填an。

　　3．命题立意：考查代词。

　　答案：They　根据前文的two doctors判断，故填They。

　　4．命题立意：考查介词。

　　答案：through　通过电脑给机器人发送信息，故填through。

　　5．命题立意：考查副词。

　　答案：Shortly　shortly after“……之后不久”。故填Shortly。

　　6．命题立意：考查同位语从句。

　　答案：that　空后是说明空前belief的内容，应用that引导同位语从句。故填that。

　　7．命题立意：考查连词。

　　答案：Besides　根据前后文之间的递进关系，“而且”。故填Besides。

　　8．命题立意：考查形容词。

　　答案：dangerous　根据空后是名词places，应用形容词修饰。故填dangerous。

　　9．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　答案：done　根据空前的operations是do的动作承受者，判断填done。

　　10．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　答案：where　根据空后是定语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词。故填where。

　　Ⅳ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2015·南昌市十所省重点中学二模)

　　Online shopping is increasing popular among people in recent years. Some people liked to buy goods online. And I don't like it, because online shopping is less reliable than the traditional sale. Firstly, some dishonest merchant offer consumers to false information online. Secondly, consumers can't feel the items usually present by means of pictures. This means the items delivered may differ from which consumers expect. As a result, they may risk returning the items at our own expense. Thirdly, the items might damaged during deliver.

　　答案：

　　Online shopping is

　　popular among people in recent years. Some people

　　to buy goods online.

　　I don't like it, because online shopping is less reliable than the traditional sale. Firstly, some dishonest

　　offer consumers to false information online. Secondly, consumers can't feel the items usually

　　by means of pictures. This means the items delivered may differ from

　　consumers expect. As a result, they may risk returning the items at

　　own expense. Thirdly, the items might

　　damaged during .

　　文章大意：本文讲述作者对于网络购物的三点质疑。

　　1．命题立意：考查副词。

　　解析：increasing→increasingly　句意：网上购物正在快速地增长。修饰形容词popular可知用副词形式。

　　2．命题立意：考查动词的时态。

　　解析：liked→like　整个文章用一般现在时来叙述。

　　3．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：And→But　根据句意可知但是我并不喜欢，两个句子是转折关系。

　　4．命题立意：考查名词的复数形式。

　　解析：merchant→merchants　根据some可知修饰可数名词的复数形式。

　　5．命题立意：考查动词的用法。

　　解析：to去掉　offer sb. sth.提供某人某物。

　　6．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：present→presented　句意：第二，顾客摸不到以图片的形式呈现的商品。过去分词作后置定语，用来修饰items。

　　7．命题立意：考查宾语从句引导词。

　　解析：which→what　be different from与……不同，from是介词，后面接宾语从句，由what来引导。

　　8．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：our→their　句意：结果，他们退回了货物，自己来承担费用。

　　9．命题立意：考查被动语态。

　　解析：might后面加be　be damaged被破坏。

　　10．命题立意：考查名词。

　　解析：deliver→delivery　句意：第三，在快递期间物品可能损坏。