2017届高考英语一轮基础知识复习：Unit 4 Global warming（新人教版选修6）

　　Unit 4 Global warming

　　Ⅰ.阅读理解

　　A

　　(2016·江南十校联考)

　　Hasifa Nakaziba, a member of seven, has relied on farming corn and beans to support her family for years. But each year she would lose 30% of her harvest as pests affected her grain, taking their share of the food before it reached the dinner table

　　“From nowhere rats, chickens and insects would come and eat it，” said Nakaziba, who lives in Nambale village, about 85 miles east of the capital, Kampala.

　　Like many farmers, Nakaziba, 47, lacked some drying facilities(设施) for the grain and so would dry it on the ground before storage, unaware that this could lead to deadly destruction of the grain.

　　Her inability to safely store her harvest also forced her to sell her grain early, which meant Nakaziba received a very low price from the local market. “It affected our income, food security and also the education of our children，” she says.

　　Then in 2017 Nakaziba's life changed. She received training in post­harvest handling from the UN's World Food Programme(WFP), which launched an operation designed to reduce post­harvest food losses for 16,600 low­income farmers in Uganda by providing them with simple storage facilities, such as granaries and grain storage bags. In a workshop, Nakaziba learned how to improve her farm management practices and purchase new technology storage and handling equipment.

　　Today a huge airtight granary allowing Nakaziba to safely store more than 500 kg of grain for as long as she desires, for family consumption or sale, sits in a corner of her modest home.

　　文章大意：由于联合国世界计划署的计划，一个坎波拉的农民在如何收藏粮食谷物方面获得了实惠。

　　1．Why would Nakaziba's harvest drop by 30% each year?

　　A．Because she received little education.

　　B．Because she sold her grain at a low price.

　　C．Because some pests took their share of the food.

　　D．Because the harvest was unable to be stored safely.

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句话“But each year she would lose 30% of her harvest as pests affected her grain, taking their share of the food before it reached the dinner table.”可知，选C。

　　2．What can we infer from the text?

　　A．Nakaziba benefits from training in post­harvest handling from the WFP.

　　B．Nakaziba prefers to dry grain on the ground before storage.

　　C．Nakaziba's food security depends on the high income.

　　D．Nakaziba sells her grain earlier than others every year.

　　答案：A　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句话“he received training in post­harvest handling from the UN's World Food Programme(WFP), which launched an operation designed to reduce post­harvest food losses for 16,600 low­income farmers in Uganda by providing them with simple storage facilities”可知，选A。

　　3．What dose the underlined word “granaries” in paragraph 5 mean?

　　A．places for laying equipment

　　B．large houses for storing grain

　　C．machines used for harvesting

　　D．ways to reduce food losses

　　答案：B　猜测词义题。根据最后一段第一句话“Today a huge airtight granary allowing Nakaziba to safely store more than...”可知，选B。

　　B

　　(2015·深圳一调)

　　An absolute description of the threat hanging over the world's mammals, reptiles, amphibians (哺乳、爬行、两栖动物) and other life forms has been published by the well­known scientific journal, Nature. A special analysis carried out by the journal indicates that an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened.

　　Many species are already critically endangered and close to extinction, including the Sumatran elephant, Amur leopard and mountain gorilla. But also in danger of vanishing from the wild, it now appears, are animals that are currently rated as merely being endangered.

　　In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities. The continuing spread of agriculture is destroying millions of hectares of wild habitats(栖息地) every year, leaving animals without homes, while the introduction of newly­come species, often helped by humans, is also damaging native populations. At the same time, pollution and overfishing are destroying ocean ecosystems.

　　“Habitat destruction, pollution or overfishing either kills off wild creatures and plants or leaves them badly weakened，” said Derek Tittensor, an ocean ecologist at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge. “The trouble is that in coming decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will become more and more common and could then kill off these survivors.”

　　The problem, according to Nature, is worsened because of the huge gaps in scientists' knowledge about the planet's biodiversity. Evaluations of the total number of species of animals and plants alive vary from 2 million to 50 million. In addition, evaluations of current rates of species' disappearances vary from 500 to 36,000 a year. “That is the real problem we face，” added Tittensor. “The scale of uncertainty is huge.”

　　In the end, however, the data indicate that the world is heading cruelly towards a mass extinction—which is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more. This could arrive in less than a hundred years or could take a thousand, depending on extinction rates.

　　文章大意：这是一篇科普文。世界著名科学杂志《自然》作了一个特别分析，用一些惊人的数据说明世界上一些动植物正面临灭绝，同时指出，造成灭绝的直接原因是人类的破坏活动。

　　4．What's the main idea of the first two paragraphs?

　　A．Figures about some wild animals are astonishing.

　　B．“Nature” is the famous journal around the world.

　　C．Many endangered species are close to extinction.

　　D．Some rare species have appeared around the world.

　　答案：C　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“an astonishing 41% of all amphibians on the planet now face extinction while 26% of mammal species and 13% of birds are similarly threatened”以及第二段中的“Many species are already critically endangered and close to extinction”可知，许多动物面临灭绝的困境。故答案为C。

　　5．The direct reason for the extinction of some species is ________.

　　A．continuous appearance of new species

　　B．destructive activities of human beings

　　C．more and more homeless animals

　　D．the great change of ocean ecosystems

　　答案：B　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“In each case, the finger of blame points directly at human activities”可知，在每一种情况下，人类的活动都是应该直接遭到责备的，也就是说，人类的活动是一些动物灭绝的直接原因。故答案为B。

　　6．From paragraph 4 we know that another future threat is ________.

　　A．destruction of habitats

　　B．overfishing and pollution

　　C．the worsening climate change

　　D．killing off wild creatures and plants

　　答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“The trouble is that in coming decades, the additional threat of worsening climate change will become more and more common and could then kill of these survivors”可知，不断恶化的气候变化是一个未来威胁。故答案为C。

　　7．What does “This” in the last sentence refer to?

　　A．mass extinction

　　B．extinction rates

　　C．extinction time

　　D．75% of species or more

　　答案：A　代词指代题。根据文章最后一段可知，This指的是上句中的“a mass extinction—which is defined as one involving a loss of 75% of species or more”， mass extinction意思是“大量消亡，大灭绝”。故答案为A。

　　Ⅱ.七选五

　　根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余项。

　　3－2－1 GREEN!

　　You already know an environmentalist's three R's: reduce, reuse, recycle. __1__ Here are three things you can do for the Earth Day.

　　Be a real cut­up

　　The next time you're about to throw out the plastic rings that hold a six­pack of soda together, reach for a pair of scissors.

　　As a young turtle, Peanut got stuck in one of those rings. As she grew, the ring stayed put(原地不动), forcing her shell to grow around it. By the time someone found her and cut her free, her shell was permanently deformed(成畸形的). Thanks to her hard shell, Peanut is alive and well. She now lives at a nature center in Missouri. But most animals that get caught in six­pack rings die.

　　WHAT YOU CAN DO

　　Easy! __2__

　　Hunt for vampires(吸血鬼)

　　You know all those electronic inventions you' ve got at home? Even when you switch them off, they're really still on. __3__ Anything with a glowing LED off/on light, a remote control, or a clock display is always on.

　　WHAT YOU CAN DO

　　Just pull out the plugs or tap the OFF switch till you really need the electronics.

　　__4__

　　Matt Damon really cares about clean water. So in February, he announced that he was going on strike against toilets. “Until everybody has access to clean water and sanitation，” he said. “I will not go to the bathroom！” He was kidding but to make a serious point. Around the world, he said, “780 million people lack access to clean water; 2.5 billion people lack access to a toilet.”

　　WHAT YOU CAN DO

　　__5__ Just don't waste water. Don't run the water while brushing your teeth. Take shorter showers.

　　A．Get water wise

　　B．How to recognize vampire electronics?

　　C．Cut the rings apart before you trash them.

　　D．Use toilets less

　　E．But how else can you help.

　　F．No need to go on a toilet strike.

　　G．Do things that can help with good living conditions.

　　文章大意：本文是说明文。你能为绿色环保生活做什么？文章告诉你的3件事你一定能做到。

　　1．E　注意前后两句中反复出现的you，以及下文出现的WHAT YOU CAN DO。很明显，文章的中心思想是让“你”能够做到文章中提到的3点，因此答案为E。本题容易错选G，其在衔接前后两句时并不显得突兀，但其含义却有失偏颇，提到的仅仅是生活条件，与主题不符，故不选C。

　　2．C　对比下文中两个WHAT YOU CAN DO可知，设空处提出的是具体的解决办法。本题指怎样做才能避免像海龟Peanut一样的悲剧，因此答案为C。

　　3．B　这里用vampire比喻那些被忽略的耗电设备，B切题。

　　4．A　这里缺一个标题，由后面的内容可知，节约用水是中心思想。美国影星Matt Damon通过自己的例子告诉大家不要浪费水，因此答案为A。

　　5．F　本题干扰项较多，选择正确答案的方法是把握住中心思想。中心思想是节约用水，同时注意后一句中出现的Just一词，这里提示与设空处的语意有一定的转折关系，由此可以筛选出正确答案为F。

　　Ⅲ.短文改错

　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。

　　增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

　　删除：把多余的词用()划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

　　2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

　　(2015·甘肃省二诊)

　　Recently, smog weather has became more and more serious in parts of China. People forced to wear masks to avoid breathe poisonous air. To settle this problem, the series of measures should be taken. First, we should enact(颁布) more strict law on environmental protection to regulate the industrial production and punish those factories what ignore the protection. Second, we should develop environmentally­friendly products to improve air quality. Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit by using green products or saving energy. In my opinion, if we all act together, their environment will become more better.

　　答案：

　　Recently, smog weather has

　　more and more serious in parts of China. People

　　forced to wear masks to avoid

　　poisonous air. To settle this problem,

　　series of measures should be taken. First, we should enact(颁布) more strict

　　on environmental protection to regulate the industrial production and punish those factories

　　ignore the protection. Second, we should develop environmentally­friendly products to improve air quality. Besides, people should build up protection awareness to form a habit

　　using green products

　　saving energy. In my opinion, if we all act together,

　　environment will become moremore或改为much better.

　　文章大意：雾霾天气越来越多，我们应采取措施，行动起来。

　　1．命题立意：考查时态。

　　解析：became→ become　become的过去分词形式是原形。

　　2．命题立意：考查被动语态。

　　解析：forced前加are 　people是force的动作承受者，故forced前加are。

　　3．命题立意：考查非谓语动词。

　　解析：breathe→breathing　avoid避免，后跟v­ing形式作宾语，故breathe → breathing。

　　4．命题立意：考查冠词。

　　解析：the→a　a series of一系列。故the→a。

　　5．命题立意：考查名词。

　　解析：law→laws　law是可数名词，无限定词，应用复数形式。故law→laws。

　　6．命题立意：考查定语从句。

　　解析：what→that/which　what不引导定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，先行词为factories，故what→that/which。

　　7．命题立意：考查介词用法。

　　解析：by→of　form a habit of 养成一种……的习惯，故by→of。

　　8．命题立意：考查连词。

　　解析：or→and　or前后是并列关系，不是选择关系。故or→and。

　　9．命题立意：考查代词。

　　解析：their→our　根据从句的主语是we，应用our作environment的限定词。故their → our。

　　10．命题立意：考查副词。

　　解析：去掉more或more→much　根据more本身是比较级，可与多音节词一起构成比较级，但不可修饰比较级。故去掉more或more→much。