2016届高考英语二轮复习考点精炼：专题15 议论文

　　专题十五　议论文

　　针对高考训练

　　一、单项填空

　　1.(2017西安铁一中国际合作学校高三模拟)Nowadays,few people develop the habit of keeping a supply of oil-lamps in the house in case of power 　. 

　　A.lackB.absence

　　C.failure D.drop

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查名词辨析。句意:如今很少有人有在家里备个油灯以防停电的习惯。lack“缺少”;absence“缺席”;failure“失败”;drop“落下”;power failure“电力故障,电源故障,停电”。

　　2.(2017山西忻州一中高三联考)That is 　 most moving play so that 　 most people like to see it. 

　　A.a;a B.the;the

　　C.the;/D.a;/

　　答案:D

　　解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:那是个非常感人的戏剧,以至于大多数人都很喜欢。第一空填a,a most“一个非常……”;第二空处因为没有范围,所以不是最高级,不填the,这里泛指“大多数人”,不加冠词,故选D项。

　　3.The killer insisted that she was defending herself when 　. 

　　A.attacking B.attacked

　　C.to attack D.having attacked

　　答案:B

　　解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:杀人犯强调着说当受到攻击时,她只是正当防卫。when后面完整的句子是when she was attacked,此句省略与主句相同的主语she和be动词,所以选B项。

　　4.After so many disasters,we should 　 greater importance to harmony with nature. 

　　A.attach B.contribute

　　C.apply D.devote

　　答案:A

　　解析:句意:经过那么多自然灾害后,我们应当认为与自然界保持和谐非常重要。此处要用attach importance to...表示“认为……重要”。contribute...to...表示“为……做贡献……”;apply...to...“把……应用于……”;devote...to...表示“把……专注于……”。

　　5.“On no condition 　 you are a Chinese,”Dad told me before I went abroad. 

　　A.you should forget

　　B.forget you

　　C.shouldn’t you forget

　　D.should you forget

　　答案:D

　　解析:句意:父亲在我出国前告诉我“在什么情况下你都不要忘记你是一个中国人”。on no condition意为“在任何条件下都不……”,提到句首,该句用部分倒装,把情态动词should提到主语you前面。

　　6.(2017浙江嘉兴第一中学高三检测)As is known to all language learners,newly-learnt words will soon be forgotten unless 　 used in everyday communication. 

　　A.exactly B.finally　

　　C.gradually D.frequently

　　答案:D

　　解析:考查副词辨析。句意:语言学习者都知道,如果不经常在日常交际中使用,新学的单词会很快忘掉。exactly “精确地”;finally“最后地”;gradually“逐渐地”;frequently “频繁地”,根据句意可知应选D项。

　　7.Willpower is a kind of quality,　 is 　 it takes to do anything well. 

　　A.what;which B.what;what

　　C.which;which D.which;what

　　答案:D

　　解析:句意:意志力是一种品质,这是种把任何工作做好所需要的品质。从结构上看,第一个空引导非限制性定语从句修饰quality。这个关系词要在从句中作主语,故用which。what不能引导定语从句。第二个空用what引导表语从句,且在表语从句中作takes的宾语,意为“……的东西”。

　　8.—Why didn’t you let me know it this morning?

　　—　 you concentrate on the important exam. 

　　A.Help B.Helping

　　C.To have helped D.To help

　　答案:D

　　解析:回答部分要作目的状语,故用动词不定式,C.To have helped是不定式的完成时,表示发生在此事之前的动作,排除。D.To help表示目的,发生在“didn’t let me know it”之后。

　　9.(2017浙江省五校高三联考)Hard work and lack of sleep have 　 her beauty and youth in recent years. 

　　A.worn out B.tried out

　　C.made out D.sent out

　　答案:A

　　解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:最近几年的辛苦工作和缺少睡眠耗尽了她的美丽和青春年华。worn out“用坏,穿破,筋疲力尽,耗尽”;try out“尝试”;make out“辨认出,理解”;send out“发送,发出”。根据句意可知选A项。

　　10.—Tom has recovered and come back to school already.

　　—Really?I 　 he is still in hospital. 

　　A.think B.have thought

　　C.am thinking D.thought

　　答案:D

　　解析:句意:“汤姆已恢复健康,回到学校了。”“真的吗?我还认为他仍然在住院呢。”“认为”是过去的事,故用一般过去时。

　　二、完形填空

　　Learning to save money when you’re young is an important lesson.All good lessons and habits begin early,and saving is a skill that everyone 　1　.Many people — adults included — do not have a good 　2　 of saving for the long run. 

　　I have been 　3　 to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass cutting business since I was 10 years old.　4　 the money I made I spent about 10 percent and saved the other 90. 

　　Making sure you save and don’t spend too much is a good way to 　5　 wealth.I have put my earnings in a bank.Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to 　6　.Young people should 　7　 that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. 

　　If you have a job at high school,you 　8　 have fun with some of the money.But you should also save some 　9　 it will grow.Then you can begin planning for your future.When you spend money,you not only lose that money,　10　 lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. 

　　After high school,college is 　11　,with expenses such as food and rent.If you can 　12　 a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen,going to college and buying a house will be much easier.If you are in your thirties without any savings,you will always have to 　13　. 

　　Later in life it can be hard to start saving　14　 general cost of living is more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your 　15　.If you want to buy a house and have a family,you need money to start with,which 　16　 saving. 

　　Many say money cannot make you happy,and this is true.But money can help you to lead a 　17　 life. 

　　Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older.It will also 　18　 you to spend time doing the things that you want to do. 

　　　19　,it will mean you can live the way you want to without 　20　. 

　　【语篇导读】 年轻时就要学会省钱,这是重要的一课。所有好的习惯都开始于青年时代……新时代的青年人应如何花钱、省钱、存钱是值得我们思考的问题。

　　1A.needsB.likes

　　C.arranges D.expects

　　答案:A

　　解析:由语境可知,省钱应该是每一个人都需要的技能。

　　2.A.knowledge B.experience

　　C.form D.sense

　　答案:D

　　解析:have a good sense of“对……有明确的意识”。句意:很多人,包括成年人,对为了长远打算而省钱都没有明确的意识。这里强调的是认识上的问题,所以不能用knowledge。

　　3.A.foolish B.fundamental

　　C.lucky D.grateful

　　答案:C

　　解析:第一段告诉我们,早点接受省钱的教育是很好的,而“我”恰恰在小时候就上了这样的课,自然是很幸运了。foolish “愚蠢的,傻的”;fundamental “基本的,主要的”;grateful “感激的”。

　　4.A.With B.Of

　　C.In D.From

　　答案:B

　　解析:这里表示范围,意思是“在我赚的钱中”,所以要选B项。

　　5.A.divide up B.build up

　　C.keep up D.make up

　　答案:B

　　解析:build up在此表示“逐渐积累(资金等)”。句意:要确保储蓄而不挥霍是增长财富的好方法。divide up “分配”;keep up “保持,维持”;make up “弥补,编造”。

　　6.A.break B.run

　　C.make D.grow

　　答案:D

　　解析:grow “增加,增长”。既然花掉了所有的钱,钱就不可能增多。

　　7.A.recognize B.realize

　　C.research D.doubt

　　答案:B

　　解析:realize “意识到”,符合语境。recognize “认出”;research “研究,调查”;doubt “怀疑”。

　　8.A.must B.dare

　　C.should D.may

　　答案:C

　　解析:should “应该”,在这里表示按情理推出的较大的可能性,符合语境。may “可能,也许”,表示不太肯定的推测。

　　9.A.so that B.in case

　　C.in that D.but for

　　答案:A

　　解析:由语境知“it will grow”是“you should also save some”的结果,所以用so that引导结果状语从句。in case “以防,万一”;in that “因为,由于”;but for “要不是”。

　　10.A.but B.and

　　C.also D.or

　　答案:A

　　解析:not only...but also是并列连词,可以省略also。

　　11.A.expensive B.cheap

　　C.boring D.bitter

　　答案:A

　　解析:由下文的“with expenses such as food and rent”可以看出,大学的费用应该是比较昂贵的。

　　12.A.hold out B.hold up

　　C.hold onto D.hold back

　　答案:C

　　解析:hold onto “紧紧抓住”,在这里引申为:不花掉,积攒。句意:如果你能把少年时期赚的钱积攒一些的话,那么你上大学、买房子就轻松多了。hold out “伸出,维持”;hold up “阻挡,使停顿”;hold back “抑制,退缩”。

　　13.A.survive B.struggle

　　C.tolerate D.die

　　答案:B

　　解析:很显然,这里是从反面论证从小学会节约的好处:如果你到30岁还没有积蓄,那你将不得不努力了。所以要选struggle“奋斗,努力”。survive “幸存”;tolerate “忍耐”;die “死亡”。

　　14.A.if B.as long as

　　C.while D.since

　　答案:D

　　解析:很显然,后一个分句解释的是“Later in life it can be hard to start saving”的原因,所以选since表示“因为,由于”。

　　15.A.bills B.taxes

　　C.attention D.consequences

　　答案:A

　　解析:pay the bills指支付生活中的各种账单,符合语境。pay the taxes “交税”;pay attention “注意”;pay consequences “承担后果”。

　　16.A.results from B.gets from

　　C.comes from D.escapes from

　　答案:C

　　解析:come from “来自”。这里要表达的意思是:这些钱来自你节省下来的钱。

　　17.A.happy B.simple

　　C.miserable D.secure

　　答案:D

　　解析:secure “安心的,无虑的”。文章最后一句有暗示。句意:钱可以帮你过一种安心的生活。由上一句话可以排除A项。simple “简朴的”;miserable “凄惨的”,都不符合语境。

　　18.A.forbid B.allow

　　C.advise D.request

　　答案:B

　　解析:这样就可以做一些自己喜欢的事情了。allow “允许,准许”。

　　19.A.In addition B.Above all

　　C.On the contrary D.Believe it or not

　　答案:A

　　解析:这里承接上一段的两个方面进一步阐述早点开始攒钱的好处,所以应该选择In addition “另外,除……之外”。

　　20.A.consulting B.worrying

　　C.resting D.thinking

　　答案:B

　　解析:句意:此外,从早些时候开始攒钱还意味着你可以无忧地按你想要的生活方式生活。consult “咨询,商量”;rest “休息”;think “思考”。

　　三、阅读理解

　　Technology has been an encouragement of historical change.It acted as such a force in England beginning in the eighteenth century,and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth.Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造) of goods,which has changed ideas about work.One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail,meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail.This means that goods could be mass production,although mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.

　　Workers no longer started on the product and labored to complete it.Instead,they might work only one thousandth of it,other workers completing their own parts in certain order.There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today’s standards.Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques,as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.But the skilled worker wasn’t the only loser,the common workers lost too.Similar changes forced farmers away.The increased mechanization (机械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops.They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.Increasingly,standards were set by machines.Workers no longer owned their own tools,their skill was no longer valued,and pride in their work was no longer possible.Workers fed,looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.

　　1In this passage,which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by the use of scientific findings in the production of goods?

　　A.Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.

　　B.The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.

　　C.The increased use of machines to make products in less time.

　　D.The use of machines producing parts of the same standard.

　　答案:B

　　解析:细节理解题。从文章第一段的 “One of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time.People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product...” 可知,A、C、D三项都在文中提到了。故答案为B项。

　　2.According to the writer,highly skilled workers 　. 

　　A.completely disappeared with the coming of the factory system

　　B.were dismissed by the boss

　　C.were unable to produce goods of high standard

　　D.were unable to produce fine goods at that same speed as machines

　　答案:D

　　解析:细节理解题。从文章第二段 “Highly skilled workers were unable to compare with the new production techniques,as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater number than could ever be done by hand.” 可知,机器批量生产的产品标准高,数量多,这是手工生产无法匹敌的。故答案为D项。

　　3.According to the passage,what did the farmers have to do with the coming of mechanization of agriculture?

　　A.Many of them had to leave their farmland for industrial centers.

　　B.They stuck to their farm work.

　　C.They refused to use machines.

　　D.They did their best to learn how to use the machines.

　　答案:A

　　解析:细节理解题。从第二段的倒数第四句话 “They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers.” 可知,答案为A项。

　　4.The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to　. 

　　A.the use of scientific findings

　　B.the practice of producing the same parts for a product

　　C.the human power being replaced by other forms of energy

　　D.the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change

　　答案:C

　　解析:考查代词指代。本句采用倒装句式。倒置的一个主要目的就是使句子间连接紧密,因此this指上一句的内容。