2017届高考英语一轮专题突破解题策略课件：2 必修1 阅读理解之细节理解题（新人教版）

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　　　第一部分　必修一　 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索 走向高考 · 英语 人教版 · 高考总复习 专题突破解题策略(二) 必修一 第一部分　基础知识聚焦 高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2015年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。 阅读理解之细节理解题 1.利用“跳读法”和“定位法” 做细节题目，无需通篇细看全文，应带着问题找答案，通过跳读迅速定位与题目相关的信息，然后对选项与原文进行信息加工比对，准确确定答案。 [典例1](2015·全国Ⅱ高考A) My color television has given me nothing but a headache. I was able to buy it a little over a year ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of clothes that wouldn't fit. I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model. I realized this a day later, when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy­five dollars less than I had paid. The set worked so beautiful when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night. Fortunately, I didn't get any channels showing all­night movies or I would never have gotten to bed. ... When neither of these methods removed the static noise, I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away. At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist, and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62, and the set is working well now, but I keep expecting more trouble. 21．Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set? A．He got an older model than he had expected. B．He couldn't return it when it was broken. C．He could have bought it at a lower price. D．He failed to find any movie shows on it. [解析]　C　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy­five dollars less than I had paid.” 当我看到报纸上75美元比我买的价格低的时候，我感觉我上当了。故选C。 23．How did the author finally get this TV set working again? A．By shaking and hitting it. B．By turning it on and off. C．By switching channels. D．By having it repaired. [解析]　D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的My trip to the repair shop cost me $62，可知作者由于用拳头砸电视，导致电视没了噪音，也什么都不出了。最后只好自己花钱去修理店修电视机，共花了62美元，故选D。

　　2．利用“选项对比法” 此法一般用来解决信息排序题，即：四个选项中可以先用排除法确定第一个，缩小选择范围，然后根据另一个事件确定答案，这一方法可以先分析选项，将选项分组逐一比对来确定或排除选项。 [典例2](2017·四川高考C) ... Izzy，nine，restarted father Colm's heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzy's mother，Debbie，immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father，so decided to use CPR. ...

　　Izzy，who has been given a bravery award by her school，said：“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.” [解析]　C　根据选项可把A、C、B、D分组对比确定③④哪一事件在前，根据文中内容可知③在前，故可排除B、D两项，然后比对A、C中④与①的发生先后，可确定答案是C项。

　　3．利用加减乘除法 此法来解决数学计算类题目，做此类题要审清题目，弄清问题，比对原文中的数字和单位，不要忽略任何信息，一般再通过简单的加减乘除便可知答案。 [典例3](2015·四川高考C) Across Britain, burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers. But, according to a new study, we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year. Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work. Now, the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours, they would earn as much as$172,000 a year.

　　The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do, as well as the hours they are working, to determine the figure. This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. 38．How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A．￡30,000. B．￡142,000. C．￡172,000. D．￡202,000. [解析]　B　根据文章的they would earn as much as$172,000 a year.以及This would make their yearly income ￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可知，总理的工资是172000－30000＝142000。故选择B。 [典例4](2015·广东高考A) Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago, he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them. As he was purchasing it, the salesgirl said, “Uh, look, the game box haven't even been opened yet. That might be worth some money. ” Peter examined the box, and, sure enough, it was completely covered in factory­sealed plastic. And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box. ... “Hello. Do you still remember the unopened word game？” The salesgirl looked at him for a second, then recognized him and said, “Oh, hi！” “I've got something for you，” Peter said. “I sold the game and made $1,000. Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three $ 100 bills. “Wow！” the salesgirl cried out. “Thank you, I never expected it.” 29. What happened at the end of the story? A. Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward. B. The salesgirl became Peter's friend. C. Peter returned the word game for $ 1,000. D. The salesgirl felt confused to see Peter again. [解析]　A　本文叙述了Peter在听从了一位女销售员的建议，买了一个旧的游戏盒子，并到网上拍卖。结果他挣了1000美元。为了感激这位女销售员，他给了她300美元作为回报。根据Peter said，“ I sold the game and made $1000.Thank you for your suggestion，” He handed her three $100 bills.可知Bill感谢这位女销售员的建议，给了她300美元作为回报。故选A。

　　4．利用“排除法” 此法用来解决正误判断题，这类题型相对信息量大，误导性强，考查学生分析问题的能力更为突出，在排除选项时一定做到准确无误。仔细揣摩文中信息与选项信息的吻合性。 [典例5](2015·浙江高考A) ... During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can't be，” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick , in edition with woodcuts. I said, “Don't you find parts of it rather heavy going？” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.” ... 44．Which of the following statements about the girl is TRUE according to the passage? A．She skipped over those easy parts while reading. B．She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. C．She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. D．She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school. [解析]　C　作者认为阅读应该是一种快乐，而不是强迫性的阅读，强调通过快乐阅读培养阅读习惯。细节理解题这种题目是判断正误题，答题时一定要细心选择是错误还是正确的。此题选择的是正确的，也就意味着有3个是错误的，只有一个是正确的。根据第四段最后一句话“She answered, Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part. ”她回答说，哦，当然，但我只是跳过这些部分，继续读下一个好的部分。“可以得出答案是这个女孩知道如何欣赏这些文章。 1.无论哪种细节题目，所选答案必须与原文主题保持一致。 2.该题型正确选项与干扰项的特点如下： (1)正确选项的特点 ①对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，变成正确选项。 ②词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 ③语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，变成正确选项。 ④正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达，变成正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 ②把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 ③无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。

　　④偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，而所述细节却与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 ⑤文不对题。这类选项最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确实属于原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。 ⑥符合常识，但不是文章内容。 ⑦部分正确，部分错误。 走向高考 · 高考总复习 · 人教版 · 英语

　　　第一部分　必修一