2016届高考英语二轮复习微专题强化训练：1 语法必备 8 动词的时态和语态

　　动词的时态和语态

　　一、单句填空

　　1．(2015·北京，22改编)—Did you enjoy the party?

　　—Yes，We________(treat) well by our hosts.

　　答案：were treated　根据上下文，这里谈的是举行过的一次聚会，应该用过去时，并且“我们”是被主人招待的，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态。句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好地招待了我们。

　　2．(2015·北京，26改编)In the last few years，China________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　答案：has made　时间状语in/over the last few years通常与现在完成时连用。句意：在过去的几年中，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。

　　3．(2015·北京，30改编)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

　　—All right.I________(call) him later.

　　答案：will call　据第一句的时态判断，Dr. Jackson目前不在办公室，所以打电话是将来的事。句意：——Dr. Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再给他打。

　　4．(2015·天津，6改编)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she________(teach) a class at that time.

　　答案：will be teaching　根据题干时间状语3 o'clock this afternoon的提示可知，动作发生时间为将来；而句尾的at that time为一个特定的时间点，因此，该题强调在将来的大时间背景下的某一个特定时间点发生的事，故用将来进行时。

　　5．(2015·天津，9改编)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement________(reach) so far by the two sides.

　　答案：has been reached　本句中的时间状语so far表示“到目前为止”，为现在完成时的标志词。reach no agreement短语中no agreement作主语，reach要用被动，故结合时态可知填has been reached。

　　6．(2015·陕西，22改编)Marty ________(work) really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday.

　　答案：has been working　由后文提示he'll have finished it by Friday可知，work动作发生在过去，延续到现在，现在还在进行，故要用现在完成进行时态。句意：马蒂一直在非常认真地写书，他认为他在周五前将会完成。

　　7．(2015·安徽，24改编)Just as I got to the school gate，I realized I ________(leave) my book in the cafe.

　　答案：had left　“我把书忘在了咖啡馆”发生在“我意识到这件事”之前，而“我意识到”是发生在过去的一个动作，故“忘记”应用过去完成时。

　　8．(2015·安徽，29改编)It is reported that a space station ________(build) on the moon in years to come.

　　答案：will be built　时间状语in years to come(在将来的几年里)，故主语从句的时态用一般将来时；太空站是被建造，用被动语态。

　　9．(2015·浙江，8改编)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child，few people guessed that he ________(be) a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

　　答案：would be　主句时态是过去时，从句动作在过去的时间上看是将来的事情，故用过去将来时。

　　10．(2015·湖南，22改编)As you go through this book, you ________(find) that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ had a different experience.

　　答案：will find　一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。在一般将来时的句子中，有时会出现表示将来时的时间状语，若不出现时间状语，要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。句意：当你通读这本书的时候，你将会发现数百万的经历过二战的每个人都有不同的经历。

　　11．(2015·湖南，28改编)He must have sensed that I ________(look)at

　　him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”

　　答案：was looking　题干中没有出现具体的时间状语，可以从意义上去把握。此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must thave sensed和glanced at可知是过去进行时。句意：他一定感觉到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么一直那样盯着我看？”

　　12．(2015·湖南，32改编)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but________(hold)back thankfully by the shop window.

　　答案：was held　被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。hold back阻隔，隐瞒。句意：我非常想进去玩玩具，但是我幸好被橱窗阻隔了。根据句意，此句含有被动语态在里面，hold back要用被动语态。

　　13．(2015·四川，4改编)More expressways________(build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

　　答案：will be built　根据题干中的时间状语soon可知，用将来时。expressways与build为被动关系，用被动语态。句意：四川不久将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地经济的发展。

　　14．(2015·重庆，1改编)—Is Peter coming?

　　—No，he ______(change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

　　答案：changed　句意：——Peter来吗？——没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute发生在过去，故用一般过去时。

　　15．(2015·重庆，13改编)In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat ______(be) cut.

　　答案：has been　表示动作已经发生或完成用现在完成时。句意：在我的家乡，收麦过后农民会举行一个丰收晚宴。

　　16．(2015·福建，26改编)To my delight，I ________(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

　　答案：was chosen　主语I与choose之间为动宾关系；再由语境可知，choose的动作已经完成，故要用一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：令我高兴的是，我被从数百名参与者中选中参加开幕式。

　　17．(2015·福建，30改编)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.

　　—He went to the library after breakfast and ________(write) his essay there ever since.

　　答案：has been writing　由句子中的时间状语ever since可知，本句要用现在完成时态或者现在完成进行时态。由语境可知，write动作现在还在进行，要用现在完成进行时态。句意：——皮特呢？我到处找不到他。——他早饭后去图书馆了。自那之后就一直在那儿写文章。

　　18．(2015·江苏，30改编)The real reason why prices________(be), and still are，too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

　　答案：were　根据语境，prices...still are，too high，推出前一空是想说明prices过去也高。故用过去式。该题中still是关键。句意：价格过去高，现在仍旧太高的原因很复杂，短暂的讨论是不能令人满意地解释这个问题的。

　　19．(2015·四川成都七中段考改编)The young firefighter insisted that he ________(be) well­prepared and ________(send) there to put out the fire.

　　答案：was；(should) be sent　句意为：那位年轻的消防员坚持说他准备好了，并且坚持要去那里救火。当insist意为“坚持说；坚持认为”时用陈述语气，故第一空填was；当insist意为“坚持”时，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，又因为firefighter与send之间为被动关系，故填(should) be sent。

　　20．(2015·浙江金华十校联考改编)Many parents don't want to face it, but the world today is a lot different than it ________(be) in their school days.

　　答案：was　句意为：(尽管)许多父母不愿意去面对，但今天的世界与他们在学校的岁月已大不相同。根据语境及时间状语in their school days可知用一般过去时。

　　二、单句改错

　　1．(2015·云南师大附中适应性月考)．..took him to US, where he introduced to the Internet.

　　答案：introduced前加was　he与introduce是被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，故加上was。

　　2．(2015·河北唐山一中期中)Today is Sunday. At about 9：00 a．m., I go to the bookstore with my friends.

　　答案：go改为went　由前面提供的时间状语判断句子用一般过去时，故改为went。

　　3．(2015·河北唐山一中期中) Having been seen the film, everyone was deeply moved.

　　答案：去掉been　句子的主语即为非谓语动词see的逻辑主语，二者之间是主动关系，故去掉been，成为现在分词的完成式。

　　4．(2015·辽宁沈阳二中期中) Our city had changed a lot in the last 5 years.

　　答案：had改为has　由时间状语in the past 5 years可知句子应该用现在完成时。

　　5．(2015·辽宁沈阳二中期中) Many overpasses have set

　　up, so it has become very convenient for people to travel.

　　答案：have后加been　overpasses与动词set up是被动关系表示“被建立”意义，故句子用现在完成时的被动语态。

　　6．(2015·浙江重点中学协作体适应性测试)In the past, teachers always keep on explaining the points in class.

　　答案：keep改为kept　由时间状语in the past判断句子用一般过去时，故改为过去式kept。

　　7．(2015·浙江杭州一模)The river was so polluted that itwas actually caught fire and burned.

　　答案：去掉第二个was　catch fire没有被动语态。

　　8．(2015·吉林实验中学三检)Nowadays there was a kindof language called Web language.

　　答案：was改为is　根据时间状语nowadays判断句子用一般现在时。

　　9．(2015·山西省太原一模) Last Friday our school wasinvited a foreign teacher in our city to give a class to thestudents of Senior Grade Two.

　　答案：去掉was　此处表示“我们学校邀请了……”，our school与invite是主动关系，故去掉was，句子用一般过去时。

　　10．(2015·山西省太原一模)Sometimes he repeated what we don't understand.

　　答案：don't改为didn't　根据主句时态判断从句也用一般过去时。

　　三、语法填空

　　(2015·莆田高中毕业班教学质量检查改编)

　　I never thought I __1__(be) friends with an Israeli girl, because Israel always seemed so distant.However it just happened __2__(natural)．

　　In September, I took part in a cultural exchange activity at my school and hosted __3__ Israeli girl called Maayan, my best foreign friend ever.

　　When I first met her,

　　she told

　　me in a very embarrassing way

　　that

　　she __4__(leave)

　　her luggage at the airport. I had to contact the airport and asked them to send __5__ to my home. This incident brought us closer, because we can both be careless. There __6__(be) no better and faster way to make friends than sharing the same shortcoming.

　　We did everything that close friends would do during her stay in China. I found it __7__(amaze) to have so much in common with someone from somewhere far away from China. We __8__(exchange) knowledge of our countries' traditions and histories. Time flew. We had to be apart __9__ we knew it. At the airport, we made the promise to send emails regularly. And since then we __10__(keep) in touch.

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　答案：

　　1．would be　此处表示“从来没有想到会做……”，故从句用过去将来时。

　　2．naturally　修饰动词happen应用副词。

　　3．an　泛指“一个以色列女孩”，用不定冠词；Israeli是以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。

　　4．had left　leave her luggage这一动作发生在过去动作told之前，应用过去完成时。

　　5．it　send的宾语指的是前面提到的行李，故用代词it代替。

　　6．is　there be句式中的be动词与其后的名词way一致，句子用一般现在时表示客观事实，故填is。

　　7．amazing　修饰指代事物的宾语it，作补语，填形容词amazing“令人惊讶的”。

　　8．exchanged　由本段前面句子的时态判断可知，exchange knowledge是过去的事情，本句应用一般过去时。

　　9．before　本句意为“不知不觉中我们就不得不要分开了”，be apart应是在knew之前发生，故填before。

　　10．have kept　由since then可知句子用现在完成时。

　　四、短文改错

　　(2015·河北邯郸质检)

　　This morning, when I is walking on the street, I saw that

　　two travelers were reading a map, looked puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked what I could help them. They told me they are looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20, who could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly. Short after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye each other. This was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction.

　　答案：

　　This morning, when I

　　walking on the street, I saw that

　　two travelers were reading a map,

　　puzzled. It seemed that they were lost. I went up and asked

　　I could help them. They told me they

　　looking for the Temple of Heaven. I led them to nearest bus stop and advised them to take Bus No. 20,

　　could take them there directly. They were appreciated my help greatly.

　　after that, the bus came and we waved goodbye

　　each other.

　　was seeing them on the bus that I felt a kind of satisfaction.

　　解析：

　　第一处：is→was　由全文时态可知。

　　第二处：looked→looking　描述主语two travelers的状态，表示“看上去”，作伴随状语，应用现在分词。

　　第三处：what→how/if/whether　后面的从句中有主语也有宾语，所以不能用what，根据主句的谓语动词asked可知，用if/whether表示“是否”，或者用how表示方式。

　　第四处：are→were　主句中told和文章的基本时态一致，所以从句中应把are改为were，表示当时正在发生的事情。句意为：他们告诉我他们正在找天坛在哪里。

　　第五处：nearest前加the　形容词最高级前用定冠词the。the nearest bus stop意为“最近的公交车站”。

　　第六处：who→which　此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Bus No.20，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。

　　第七处：去掉appreciated前的were　由语境可知，他们感激我的帮助，所以应用主动形式。

　　第八处：Short→Shortly　表示“不久，很快”用shortly。

　　第九处：goodbye后加to　wave goodbye to sb.为固定用法，意为“向某人告别”。

　　第十处：This→It　本句是一个强调句型，句型结构为it is...that...，故将This改为It。