2016届高考英语二轮复习讲义练习：第2部分 题型专题突破 专题1 第4讲 专题强化训练（全国卷Ⅱ）

　　词义猜测题(一)

　　A

　　(2016·成都市高三诊断)One winter, my cousin and I were playing toy blocks in the yard. My mom was out for shopping to get groceries and my dad was asleep upstairs in his room. Suddenly, it started to snow. First it was just a little. But then it started to pour heavily.

　　Then, we put the finishing touches to our blocks and headed back inside.

　　Right when I opened the sliding glass door, my cousin fell down on the slippery wooden stairs. I let go of the door, my worst mistake, you see. The door locks automatically but I had put a rock, right next to the door so it wouldn’t close. But while I was running to my cousin’s aid I’d accidentally kicked the rock.

　　Now,

　　my cousin and I were locked outside.

　　And unfortunately it started to get really windy. It was really freezing with the snow.

　　First we started to call my dad, but he was sleeping soundly. I mean, slept through a tornado soundly. It was of no use.

　　Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didn’t work because the fence was iced by snow and wind, and the fence is six feet high.

　　So, I climbed up to my tree house and brainstormed some ideas on ways to get in. At one point, I was seriously considering jumping out of the tree house and using the trampoline(蹦床) to jump over the fence.

　　So, we got to work.

　　First, I took out the trampoline. Then I started to jump.

　　First try—I almost cracked my head. Second try—this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second, he chickened_out.

　　Third try—I jumped and missed but at the last second, my hand caught the fence, and with a lot of pushing I finally climbed over the fence and luckily, I fell on a big snowdrift.

　　Then I got inside and unlocked the door for my cousin to get in.

　　Finally, my mom came back. Then we shared this story to my mom and dad.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩耍时突遇风雪天气，因意外他们被锁在门外的经历。

　　1．When the author wanted to jump in, the main problem was that________.

　　A．the fence was icy

　　B．the fence was slippery and high

　　C．the trampoline couldn’t bear the weight

　　D．the trampoline was too small

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第四段的“Then I tried to climb over the fence but it didn’t work because the fence was iced by snow and wind，and the fence is six feet high.”可知，作者之所以跳不过去是因为篱笆又高又滑，即B项正确。

　　Ziyuanku.com2．The attitude of the author’s cousin towards jumping on the trampoline seems________.

　　A．passive B．positive

　　C．indifferent

　　D．objective

　　解析：选A。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second，he chickened_out”可知作者的表弟对作者的提议持消极态度，即A项正确。

　　3．The words “chickened out” (in Paragraph 5) most probably mean “________”．

　　A．fell down

　　B．cried out

　　C．jumped up

　　D．backed out

　　解析：选D。词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“this time I convinced my cousin to do it but at the last second，he chickened_out”中的convinced和but可知，作者说服了表弟，但在最后一秒钟表弟又打退堂鼓了，即D项正确。

　　4．Which would be the best title of the text?

　　A．Climbing over the Fence in the Snow

　　B．An Adventure in the Yard

　　C．Friendship Produces Pleasure

　　D．We Are Independent

　　解析：选B。标题归纳题。文章讲述的是作者与表弟在后院玩积木时突遇风雪天气，因意外他们被锁在门外时所采取的冒险行动，因此B项正确。

　　B

　　(2015·北京东城区综合练习二)

　　Your car is a necessary part of your life.You use it every day.Of course，you want to hold on to it so you make sure it has the latest alarm and immobilizer(汽车防盗器)．But despite all these，cars like yours are still stolen every day.In fact，in this country， one car is stolen almost every minute！And if your car is stolen，you only have a 50：50 chance of seeing it again.　

　　Each year，car crime costs nearly ￡3 billion.Of course，if you’re insured，you won’t lose out，or will you？Firstly，you will have to pay extra insurance later on，and then you may not be offered the full amount by the agent.You will probably have to hire a car and you will also lose the value of the contents and accessories(配件)in the car.

　　Now comes the solution.An RAC Trackstar system，hidden in one of 47 possible secret locations(位置) in your car，is the key of our system.If your car is stolen，radio signals are sent at twenty­second intervals from the car to the RAC Trackstar National Control Center via a satellite network.Then a computer gives the vehicle’s exact location，speed and direction.

　　The RAC Trackstar National Control Center，which operates 24 hours a day,365 days a year，will immediately inform the police in the area where the car is located.Because the police receive information every twenty seconds，they will always know the vehicle’s location.Once the thief has been arrested，your car will be returned to you.

　　RAC Trackstar is unique in being able to provide the National Control Center with details of the exact location of your car，its speed and direction.And speed is the key to successful recovery of a stolen vehicle.RAC Trackstar Control will immediately tell the police if you report your car stolen and under the 24­hour Guardian Option.It will also tell you if your car has been stolen.RAC Trackstar’s constant updates mean the police are kept informed of the car’s location.All these greatly improve your chances of seeing your car again.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种汽车防盗系统RAC Trackstar。

　　5．If your car is stolen，you will have to ________.

　　A．hire a new car

　　B．pay more insurance

　　C．buy a RAC Trackstar system

　　D．inform the National Control Center

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三句中的“Firstly，you will have to pay extra insurance later on”可知，如果你的车被盗了，你会付更多的保险费用。故选B。

　　6．The Trackstar system can tell the police ________.

　　A．where the car is

　　www.ziyuanku.comB．how the car is stolen

　　C．who the thief is

　　D．what brand the car is

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“RAC Trackstar’s constant updates mean the police are kept informed of the car’s location.”可知，如果你的车被盗了，RAC Trackstar会提供车的具体位置给警方。故选A。

　　7．The underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refers to ________.

　　A．the local police station

　　B．the Guardian Option

　　C．the insurance company

　　D．the RAC Trackstar Control

　　解析：选D。指代判断题。根据画线词所在句中的“also”和上一句可知，“It”应指“RAC Trackstar Control”。故选D。

　　8．According to the passage，people with RAC Trackstar ________.　

　　A．are more likely to get the stolen cars back

　　B．have less chance of being in an accident

　　C．seldom get their vehicles damaged

　　D．automatically find directions

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“All these greatly improve your chances of seeing your car again.”可知，拥有RAC Trackstar的人找到自己被盗的车的机会更大。故选A。

　　C

　　(2016·齐鲁名校高三第一次联考)Wikipedia is a free­access，free content Internet encyclopedia (百科全书)，supported and hosted by the non­profit Wikipedia Foundation.Wikipedia is ranked among the ten most popular websites and is considered the Internet’s largest and most popular general reference book.Now，Wikipedia is becoming Wookiepedia as scientists hope the informative website will help us reach out to intelligent life forms.So aliens can learn about the human race.

　　Astronomers would like to beam (播送) the entire contents of Wikipedia into space in the hope of contacting aliens.They want to send messages to hundreds of star systems and planets 20 light years away using radio telescopes.The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute，in California，wants to use powerful radio telescopes to try to reach Chewbacca and his mates in a galaxy (银河系) far away.

　　The plans will be discussed by astronomers at the weekend as some scientists fear the reply from ET might not turn out to be friendly.Institute scientist David Black said，“One question is if there are dangerous creatures we might be drawing their attention to ourselves.Another is if we go ahead，what message should be sent？There could be many civilizations out there，but if they are all listening and no one is broadcasting or responding，then nothing will happen.”

　　Professor Stephen Hawking，who has warned that intelligent aliens probably exist and we should keep a safe distance from them，is among those.“If aliens visit us，the outcome would be much as when Columbus landed in America which didn’t turn out well for the Native Americans，”he said.

　　Signals from Earth’s radio and TV broadcasts have been heading out in space for some 60 years reaching around 5,000 stars.

　　【解题导语】　维基百科要变身星战维基了。科学家向外星文明发送维基百科，希望这个百科似的网站能帮助外星文明了解地球，帮助我们联系外星人。

　　9．Wikipedia is becoming Wookiepedia because________.

　　A．we human beings intend to help and save aliens

　　B．scientists wish to explore other planets similar to the earth

　　C．astronomers hope to get in touch with aliens

　　D．aliens might fight against the human race

　　解析：选C。细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句和第二段的第一句可知应选C。

　　10．What does the underlined word those in the fourth paragraph refer to?

　　A．Aliens from space.

　　B．Astronomers sending signals.

　　C．Scientists for the plans.

　　D．Scientists against the plans.

　　www.ziyuanku.com解析：选D。代词指代题。根据第三、四段可知有些科学家害怕外星人的反馈可能并不友好，霍金教授也在其中。因此，“those”应该指代反对这项计划的科学家。

　　11．What has Prof.Stephen Hawking warned?

　　A．Intelligent aliens would probably land in America.

　　B．The plans will be in vain and nothing will happen.

　　C．None of the civilizations would reply.

　　D．Aliens would bring disasters to the human race.

　　解析：选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，如果外星人访问我们，后果很可能会像哥伦布到达美洲时对土著美洲人那样给他们带来灾难。

　　12．Which can be the best title?

　　A．Wikipedia，the most popular website

　　来源：ziyuanku.comB．Wikipedia to be beamed into space

　　C．Wikipedia，aliens’s best friend

　　D．Wikipedia to result in a disaster

　　解析：选B。标题归纳题。B项能概括全文，含主旨关键词：播放、太空。故选B。

　　词义猜测题(二)

　　A

　　(2015·四川雅安中学模拟)

　　Pangaea

　　Scientists in the early 1900s put forward the continental drift theory(大陆漂移说)．They said that a great number of years ago，the seven continents we know today were a single，giant continent.A scientist named Alfred Wegener named it Pangaea.The name Pangaea comes from the Greek phrase for “all Earth”．

　　The theory’s timeline went against popular belief that Earth was only a few thousand years old.People wanted to believe that God had created Earth rather than the forces of nature.Wegener argued in favor of the continental drift theory in 1920.

　　Pangaea was a C­shaped landform that was spread across the equator(赤道)．The large body of water within the crescent(月牙形) was called the Tethys Sea.The vast ocean that flowed around the continent was called Panthalassa.

　　The area of Pangaea would have been very vast.Inland regions would have been extremely dry from a lack of water.Animals could migrate freely from the North to the South Poles.

　　It is believed that the breakup of Pangaea began about 180 million years ago.This happened in the Jurassic Period.Over many millions of years，it broke into the seven continents as we know them today.The first stage of the breakup began about 180 million years ago.This change started when a large fault line(断层线) split.Activity would have started through earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.A gap was created through Pangaea that stretched from the Tethys Ocean to the east.This took place between what is now North America and Africa.The first split created two smaller continents.The southern one is known as Gondwana and the northern one Laurasia.Then another breakup began about 150 to 140 million years ago.At this time，the minor continent of Gondwana broke into four continents.These became Africa，South America，India，and Australia.The final stage of the breakup was about 60 to 55 million years ago.North America broke free from Eurasia.This opened up the Norwegian Sea.

　　But the supporters of this theory also say that Pangaea was not the first giant continent.The earliest possible giant continent is Columbia supercontinent.Scientists think it existed between 1.8 and 1.5 billion years ago.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了“大陆漂移说”的提出者、提出时间及内容。

　　1．What did Pangaea look like?

　　A．It was shaped like a C.

　　B．It was shaped like a ball.

　　C．It looked like the moon.

　　D．It looked like Panthalassa.

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Pangaea was a C­shaped landform that was spread...”可知，泛大陆(Pangaea)的形状看起来像字母C。故答案选A。

　　2．What can be inferred about the drift theory?

　　A．It was a little bit absurd.

　　B．It was very controversial.

　　C．It came from Greek.

　　D．It was popular in 1900s.

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，当Alfred Wegener提出“大陆漂移说”时，该学说与人们当时的观点大相径庭(那时人们普遍认为地球仅仅存在了几千年而已，而且是上帝创造了地球)。故答案选B。

　　3．The underlined word “This” refers to ________.

　　A．the Tethys Ocean B．the Pangaea

　　C．the gap

　　D．the east

　　解析：选C。指代判断题。根据“This”前一句“A gap was created through Pangaea that stretched from the...”可知，由于地震和火山爆发，在泛大陆上裂开了一道从古地中海延伸到东部的缺口(gap)，这个缺口就存在于现在的北美洲和非洲之间。故“This”指代前面提到的缺口(gap)。故答案选C。

　　4．From the text we know that ________.

　　A．there were three major stages in the breakup of Pangaea

　　B．Columbia supercontinent caused the breakup of Pangaea

　　C．the continental drift theory was named after Alfred Wegener

　　D．the seven continents appeared before the Jurassic Period

　　解析：选A。细节理解题。根据第五段第四句中“The first stage of the breakup began about”，倒数第六句“Then another breakup began about 150 to 140 million years ago.”以及该段倒数第三句“The final stage of the breakup was about 60 to 55 million years ago.”可知，泛大陆经历了三次大断裂。故答案选A。

　　B

　　ziyuanku.com(2015·四川宜宾二诊)Washington：NASA has announced evidence that Jupiter’s largest moon，Ganymede，has a saltwater ocean under its icy surface.The ocean seems to have more water than all the water on Earth’s surface，according to new Hubble observations.

　　New Hubble observations of Ganymede’s magnetic field strongly suggest that the moon，which is the largest in our whole solar system，is home to a subsurface ocean.　

　　Scientists estimate that the ocean is 95 kilometres thick，which is about 10 times deeper than Earth’s oceans.But unlike our salty waters，Ganymede’s ocean is buried under 150 kilometres of ice.

　　While scientists have speculated(推测) since the 1970s about the presence of an ocean on Ganymede—the largest moon in our solar system—until now the only observational evidence came from a brief flyby by the Galileo spacecraft，which didn’t observe the moon long enough to confirm a liquid ocean.

　　This discovery marks an important milestone，highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish.In its 25 years in orbit，Hubble has made many scientific discoveries in our own solar system.A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.

　　Scientists_have_already_confirmed_the_existence_of_an_ocean_on_Europa，another moon orbiting Jupiter，and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water.

　　Hubble is a telescope that orbits Earth，but because of its impressive gravitational analyses it can be used to study the inside of far distant planets.Using these same principles，scientists could theoretically detect oceans on distant exoplanets as well.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇资讯报道。NASA证实木星的最大卫星Ganymede上有海洋，这一发现再次拓宽了科学家的视野，使探寻太阳系内地球以外的生命的努力更进一步。

　　5．What can we learn about Ganymede from the passage?

　　A．It is a planet with the largest moon in our whole solar system.

　　B．Its ocean adds to people’s excitement about life beyond Earth.

　　C．It will be used by NASA as a base for the Hubble telescope.

　　D．Its liquid ocean was first proved by the Galileo spacecraft.

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“A deep ocean under the icy surface of Ganymede opens up further exciting possibilities for life beyond Earth.”可知，木星卫星上海洋的存在激发了人们探索地球以外的生命的热情。故选B项。

　　6．Which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Hubble?

　　A．Cautious.

　　B．Doubtful.

　　C．Negative.

　　D．Favourable.

　　解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“This discovery marks an important milestone，highlighting what only Hubble can accomplish.”可知，这次里程碑式的发现只有哈勃望远镜能够完成，由此可推知，作者对哈勃望远镜持支持态度。故选D项。

　　7．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 6 mean?

　　A．An underground ocean has been found in Europa.

　　B．The presence of an underground ocean in Europa is not possible.

　　C．It is now certain that there is an ocean on Europa.

　　D．No evidence has shown the existence of an ocean on Europa.

　　解析：选C。句意理解题。根据第六段中的“and NASA has announced plans to send an unmanned mission there searching for the life that might come with liquid water”可知，因为Europa上有水存在，NASA才宣布要在Europa上搜寻地外生命；由此可推知，画线句意为：科学家们已经证实Europa上存在海洋。故选C项。

　　8．What type of writing does this passage belong to?

　　A．A term essay.

　　B．A news report.

　　C．An experiment report.

　　D．An exploration review.

　　解析：选B。推理判断题。根据第一段“Washington：NASA has announced evidence...”及文章内容可推知，本文为一篇资讯报道。故选B项。

　　C

　　(2016·辽宁铁岭六校联考)At an outdoor restaurant，a cockroach(蟑螂)flew in and landed on a woman.She started screaming out of fear；with a panic stricken face and trembling voice，she started jumping，with both her hands desperately trying to get rid of the cockroach.Her reaction was spreading，as everyone in her group also got into a panic.The woman finally managed to flick the cockroach away but it landed on a man in the group who continued the drama.In the relay of throwing，the cockroach next fell upon a waitress who had rushed to their rescue.

　　The waitress stood firm，calmed herself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on her blouse.When she was confident enough，she grabbed it and threw it out of the restaurant.

　　Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement，I started wondering：Was the cockroach responsible for their funny behavior？If so，then why was the waitress not disturbed？She handled the situation to near perfection，without panic.

　　中华资源库It was not the cockroach，but the inability of the customers to handle the disturbance caused by the cockroach that disturbed them.I realized that it’s not the shouting of my children or my boss or my wife that disturbs me，but my inability to handle the disturbances caused by their shouting.

　　It’s not the traffic jams on the road that disturb me，but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jam.More than the problem，it’s my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.

　　I understood.I should not react in life.I should always respond.The customers reacted，whereas the waitress responded.Reactions are always instinctive(本能的)while responses tend to be well thought out.

　　【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一只蟑螂出现在饭店里引起了消费者的恐慌，服务员冷静地捉住蟑螂，将其扔了出去。作者通过这个故事旨在告诉人们：遇到问题时要积极地应对。

　　9．What

　　happened in the outdoor restaurant?

　　www.ziyuanku.comA．A cockroach was found in a woman’s food and then a man found the same problem.

　　B．A cockroach appearing in the restaurant caused a state of panic among the customers.

　　C．A cockroach rushed the waitress into apologizing to the customers.

　　D．A woman and a man were trying to rescue the waitress from the cockroach.

　　解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At an outdoor restaurant，a cockroach(蟑螂)flew in and landed on a woman.She started screaming out of fear...as everyone in her group also got into a panic.”可知，出现在饭店里的蟑螂在一些消费者中引起了恐慌。故答案选B。

　　10．According to the passage，if you ran into a traffic jam，you might ________ in your car.

　　A．complain your delay

　　B．feel upset and annoyed

　　C．relax yourself by listening to music

　　D．expect someone to clear the road

　　解析：选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Reactions are always instinctive(本能的)while responses tend to be well thought out.”可知，反应总是本能而对策往往是经过深思熟虑的。因此遇到交通堵塞时，在车里听音乐是一种对策。故答案选C。

　　11．What’s the meaning of the underlined word?

　　A．Confusion.

　　B．Success.

　　C．Poverty.

　　D．Harmony.

　　解析：选A。词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句“It’s not the traffic jams on the road that disturb me，but my inability to handle the disturbance caused by the traffic jam.”可推知，chaos与“disturbance”意思相近，意为“混乱”。故答案选A。

　　12．What does the passage tell us?

　　A．Speak less，do more!

　　B．Actions speak louder than words!

　　C．Mind your manners while in a restaurant!

　　D．Don’t react just from your feelings；respond positively!

　　解析：选D。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“I should not react in life.I should always respond.”可知，作者写这篇文章是想告诫读者遇到困难时要积极冷静应对，而不是只做些本能的反应。故答案选D。