A
(2015·云南昆明实验中学质检)Ricardo Semler became boss of his father’s business Semco in Brazil at the age of 21. Ricardo worked like a(n) __1__ man,from 7:30 am to midnight every day.One afternoon,while he was visiting a factory in New York,he __2__.The doctor told him if he __3__ like that,he would find a new home in hospital.Semler got the __4__.He changed the way he __5__.In fact,he changed the ways his __6__ worked,too.
He let his workers take more __7__ so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong.He __8__ them to set their own salaries,__9__ their own working hours and he cut all the jobs that he thought were __10__,like receptionists and secretaries.
He changed the office:__11__ walls,they have plants at Semco,so bosses can’t __12__ themselves away from everyone else.And the workers are __13__ to decorate their workspace as they want.
It sounds perfect,but does it __14__?The answer is in the __15__:in the last six years,Semco’s revenues(收入) have __16__ from $35 million to $212 million.The company has gone from eight hundred employees to 3,000.Why?
Semler says it’s because of “peer pressure” which makes employees work __17__ for everyone else.If someone isn’t doing his job __18__,the other workers will not allow the __19__ to continue.In other words,Ricardo treats his workers like adults rather than children,and expects them to act like responsible __20__.And they do.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作为老板,只有让团队中的每个人都能自觉主动地承担责任,形成我为人人,人人为我的氛围,才能提高团队的工作效率。这正是Semler之所以成功的原因。
1.A.interesting B.independent
C.mad
D.great
解析:选C。考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“from 7:30 am to midnight every day”可知,他拼命地工作。故选C,意为“疯狂的”。A项意为“令人感兴趣的”;B项意为“独立的”;D项意为“非常好的”,均不符合题意。
2.A.fell down
B.gave up
C.went out
D.got off
解析:选A。考查动词短语辨析。根据下句“The doctor told him”可知,他病倒了。故选A,意为“倒下”。B项意为“放弃”;C项意为“熄灭,出去”;D项意为“下车,离开,出发”,均不符合题意。
3.A.changed
B.continued
C.dropped
D.went
解析:选B。考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“like that,he would find a new home in hospital”可知,医生的意思为:如果他继续这样拼命下去,他会生病住院的。故选B,意为“继续”。A项意为“改变”;C项意为“落下,投下,放弃”;D项意为“走,去”,均不符合题意。
4.A.sound
B.way
C.sense
D.message
解析:选D。考查名词辨析。根据下文内容可知, Semler听从了医生的建议,不再那么拼命工作了。故选D,get the message是常用短语,意为“领会,明白,受到启发”。
5.A.walked
B.talked
C.worked
D.treated
解析:选C。考查动词辨析。根据上文和下句“In fact,he changed the ways his ______ worked,too.”可知,Semler改变了他自己的工作方式。故选C。
6.A.family
B.workers
C.friends
D.children
解析:选B。考查名词辨析。根据下一段第一句中“He let his workers take more ______”可知,他也改变了员工们的工作方式。故选B。
7.A.responsibility
B.money
C.power
D.expectation
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong”可知,此处应指他让员工们承担起更多的责任,这样如果事情出了差错,他们自己会操心。故选A。
8.A.persuaded
B.forced
C.forbade
D.allowed
解析:选D。考查动词辨析。根据上一句中的“He let his workers take more...”可知,此处所填词的意思相当于上句中的“let”。故选D,意为“允许”。A项意为“说服”;B项意为“强迫”;C项意为“禁止”,均不符合题意。
9.A.decide
B.want
C.understand
D.try
解析:选A。考查动词辨析。根据空格前的“...them to set their
own salaries”可推知,此处应指Semler让员工自己决定工作时间。所填词与“set”意思一致。故选A。
10.A.unnecessary
B.unpopular
C.stupid
D.difficult
解析:选A。考查形容词辨析。根据本句中“he cut all the jobs that he thought were ______,like receptionists and secretaries”并结合常识可知,他取消的工作岗位应该是不必要的。故选A,意为“不必要的”。B项意为“不流行的,不受人欢迎的”;C项意为“愚蠢的,笨的”;D项意为“困难的”,均不符合题意。
11.A.above all
B.instead of
C.apart from
D.except for
解析:选B。考查介词短语辨析。根据空格处与下句“so bosses can’t...”之间构成的因果关系可知,此处指用植物代替办公室的墙,这样老板就不会与其他人隔离开。故选B,意为“代替,而不是”。A项意为“首先,尤其是”;C项意为“除……外”;D项意为“除……外”,强调排除与自身相矛盾之处,均与题意不符。
来源:www.ziyuanku.com12.A.put
B.get
C.shut
D.take
解析:选C。考查动词辨析。根据语境可知,用植物来取代墙的目的是老板不能把自己和员工隔离开。故选C,shut away为固定搭配,意为“隔离”。
13.A.willing
B.free
来源:www.ziyuanku.comC.tired
D.eager
解析:选B。考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“as they want”可知,员工们可以自由装饰自己的工作场所。故选B,意为“自由的”。A项意为“自愿的”;C项意为“疲惫的”;D项意为“渴望的,热切的”,均不符合题意。
14.A.develop
B.grow
C.happen
D.work
解析:选D。考查动词辨析。根据下文可知,本句句意:这听起来很完美,但这样有效果吗?故选D,意为“起作用,奏效”。
15.A.eyes
B.numbers
C.persons
D.dollars
解析:选B。考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“from $35 million to $212 million... from eight hundred employees to 3,000”可知,此处强调用数字来证明。故选B。
16.A.grown
B.dropped
C.beaten
D.made
解析:选A。考查动词辨析。根据空格后的数字对比可知,公司的收入增加了。故选A。
17.A.straight
B.slow
C.hard
D.seldom
解析:选C。考查副词辨析。根据上文可知,由于Semler调整了策略,公司的收入增加了,由此可推知,大家更加努力工作。故选C。A项意为“直接地”;B项意为“慢慢地”;D项意为“很少,不常”,均不符合题意。
18.A.perfect
B.wrong
C.well
D.late
解析:选C。考查词义辨析。根据“peer pressure”可知,在这种环境下,如果有人不好好工作,其他人也不允许这种情况继续下去。故选C,意为“出色地”。
19.A.trouble
B.situation
C.pressure
D.suffering
解析:选B。考查名词辨析。此处指“有人不好好工作”这种情况。故选B,意为“情况,局面”。A项意为“麻烦”;C项意为“压力”;D项意为“苦难,痛苦”,均不符合题意。
20.A.children
B.teenagers
C.professors
D.adults
解析:选D。考查名词辨析。根据上文中“Ricardo treats his workers like adults”可知,Semler按照对待成年人的方式对待员工,他期望员工能够像负责任的成年人那样去工作。故选D。
B
(2015·辽宁阜新二模)It is a timeproven fact that smile is a language.It is a universal language __1__ by the people of every nation,and the commonest way to show our __2__ will perfectly without saying anything.
One day I was shopping in a small town in California.It was my misfortune to be __3__ by a clerk who seemed most __4__ and not at all concerned about my intended __5__.I bought nothing,and walked __6__ out of the store.My anger __7__ with each step.Outside,standing at the corner,was a young man in his early twenties.His expressive eyes met and held mine,and in the next instant a beautiful,amazing __8__ covered his face.I gave in __9__.The power of that shining smile __10__ away all my anger,and I found the muscles in my own face happily __11__.“Beautiful day,isn’t it?”I said. Then,suddenly something inside me sent me turning back.“I really owe you a __12__,”I said softly.His smile deepened.But he made no __13__ to answer.A Mexican woman nearby stepped __14__ and said,“Carlos can’t speak English,”she volunteered.“Shall I tell him something?”At that moment I felt changed.Carlos’ smile had made a big person of me.“Yes,”my __15__ was enthusiastic and sincere.“Tell him ‘Thank you!’” “Thank you?”The woman seemed slightly __16__.“Just tell him that,”I insisted.“Surely,he’ll understand.”
What a smile!Although I have __17__ seen that young man again,I’ll never forget the __18__ he taught me.From then on,I became smileconscious.I practice it __19__,anywhere and everywhere,with everybody.This action on my part would always draw a goodnatured smile __20__.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一次不愉快的购物经历让“我”很愤怒,走出商场后,“我”遇到一位对“我”微笑的男子,他的微笑让“我”怒气全消,“我”由衷感激他的微笑。由此“我”领悟到,微笑是全世界通用的语言,它可以表达我们的善意。
1.A.learned
B.known
C.understood
D.done
解析:选C。考查动词辨析。根据常识可知,世界各国的人们虽然语言不通但是他们都能理解微笑的含义,因此微笑是一种世界各国人们都明白的全球化语言。A项意为“学会”;B项意为“知道”;C项意为“理解,明白”;D项意为“做”。故答案选C。
2.A.warm
B.good
C.cold
D.fresh
解析:选B。考查形容词辨析。根据常识可知,微笑表达的是善意,故此处应为“ our good will”,意为“我们的善意”。A项意为“温暖的”;B项意为“美好的”;C项意为“冷酷的”;D项意为“新鲜的”。故答案选B。
3.A.treated
B.entertained
来源:www.ziyuanku.comC.greeted
D.served
解析:选D。考查动词辨析。根据上一句中“I was shopping”可知,“我”在购物,空格后面是“by a clerk”,由此可知,此处应指店员为“我”提供服务,因此用serve,意为“服务”。A项意为“对待,款待”;B项意为“热情款待”;C项意为“问候”,均不符合题意。故答案选D。
4.A.amazed
B.warmhearted
C.unfriendly
D.confused
解析:选C。考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的内容“and not at all concerned about...”,再结合上文中的“misfortune”可知,此处应指这个店员很不友好。A项意为“惊讶的”;B项意为“热心肠的”;C项意为“不友好的”;D项意为“迷惑的”。故答案选C。
5.A.purchase
B.question
C.things
D.complaint
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。根据上文可知,“我”在商场购物,故此处应用“purchase”,指这个店员一点也不关心“我”想买什么东西。A项意为“购买”;B项意为“问题”;C项意为“事情”;D项意为“抱怨”。故答案选A。
6.A.quietly
B.angrily
C.suddenly
D.recently
解析:选B。考查副词辨析。根据下一句中的“My anger”可知,本句句意:我什么都没有买,很生气地走出商店。A项意为“悄悄地”;B项意为“生气地”;C项意为“突然地”;D项意为“近来”。故答案选B。
7.A.grew
B.changed
C.disappeared
D.went
解析:选A。考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“with each step”可知,此处指“我越走越生气,越想越生气”。因此此处应用“grow”来表示“愤怒在增强”。B项意为“改变”;C项意为“消失”;D项意为“去,变得”,可表示变化,后接形容词,均不符合语境。故答案选A。
8.A.expression
B.look
C.feeling
D.smile
解析:选D。考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“The power of that shining smile”和“His smile deepened”可知,此处应指当“我们”目光相遇时,他给了“我”一个美丽迷人的微笑。故答案选D。
9.A.proudly
B.happily
C.immediately
D.luckily
解析:选C。考查副词辨析。此处指“看到他迷人的微笑,我立刻就被折服了”。A项意为“骄傲地”;B项意为“幸福地”;C项意为“立即”;D项意为“幸运地”。故答案选C。
10.A.threw
B.went
C.put
D.drove
解析:选D。考查动词(短语)辨析。根据上一句中“I gave in”和下一分句中的“happily”可知,他的微笑赶走了“我”所有的愤怒。throw away意为“扔掉,浪费”;go away意为“消失,离开”;put away意为“收起来,放好”;drive away意为“驱逐,赶走”。故答案选D。
11.A.flying
B.satisfying
C.responding
D.singing
Ziyuanku.com解析:选C。考查动词辨析。句意:他灿烂的微笑赶走了我所有的愤怒,我发现自己脸上的肌肉在快乐地回应。此处指“我”被他的微笑折服,并不由自主地向他做出回应。A项意为“飞”;B项意为“使满意”;C项意为“回应”;D项意为“唱歌”。故答案选C。
12.A.gratitude
B.debt
C.smile
D.chance
解析:选A。考查名词辨析。owe sb. sth.意为“欠某人某物”。根据下文中的“Tell him ‘Thank you!’”可知,此处应指作者认为那个年轻男子赶走了自己的愤怒,自己应该感谢他。A项意为“感激之情,感谢”;B项意为“债务”;C项意为“微笑”;D项意为“机会”。故答案选A。
13.A.idea
B.attempt
C.mind
D.energy
解析:选B。考查名词辨析。根据下文“Carlos can’t speak English”可知,他不懂英语,不知道“我”说的是什么,所以没有打算回答。句意:他的笑意更浓了,但是并没有打算回答我。短语make an attempt to do sth.意为“企图干某事,想干某事”,符合语境。故答案选B。
14.A.forward
B.backward
C.upward
D.downward
中华资源库解析:选A。考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“volunteered”可知,附近的一个墨西哥女士主动走上前来提供帮助。A项意为“向前”;B项意为“向后”;C项意为“向上”;D项意为“向下”。故答案选A。
15.A.speech
B.attitude
C.reply
D.question
解析:选C。考查名词辨析。根据墨西哥女士的问话“Shall I tell him something?”可知,空格前的“Yes”应是“我”的回答。A项意为“演讲,讲话”;B项意为“态度”;C项意为“应答,答复”;D项意为“问题”。故答案选C。
16.A.worried
B.upset
C.delighted
D.puzzled
解析:选D。考查形容词辨析。根据墨西哥女士的疑问“Thank you?”可知,她对“我”要她帮忙转述“谢谢你”感到很困惑。A项意为“担心的,焦虑的”;B项意为“心烦意乱的”;C项意为“高兴的”;D项意为“困惑的”。故答案选D。
17.A.yet
B.never
C.though
D.still
解析:选B。考查副词辨析。根据空格前的“Although”可知,逗号前后分句之间为转折关系;由此结合后一分句中的“never”可知,本句句意应:尽管我再也没有见过那个年轻人……A项意为“还,尚,仍然”;B项意为“从未,从来没有”;C项意为“尽管,而”;D项意为“仍然”。故答案选B。
18.A.action
B.lesson
C.word
D.song
解析:选B。考查名词辨析。根据上文内容可知,此处应指那个年轻人给“我”上了一课,“我”从他那里学到了东西。teach sb.
a lesson意为“给某人一个教训,给某人上了一课”,符合语境。A项意为“行动”;C项意为“话语,单词”;D项意为“歌”,均与语境不符。故答案选B。
19.A.diligently
B.aimlessly
C.randomly
D.hurriedly
解析:选A。考查副词辨析。从那以后“我”就有意识地学着微笑。根据语境“anywhere and everywhere,with everybody”可知,此处应指“我”勤练微笑。A项意为“勤奋地”;B项意为“漫无目的地”;C项意为“随意地”;D项意为“匆忙地”。故答案选A。
20.A.in charge
B.in relief
C.in favor
D.in return
解析:选D。考查介词短语辨析。“我”的这种行为总是会吸引别人也对“我”回以善意的微笑。此处指在“我”看来,别人对“我”微笑是对“我”向他们微笑的回报。A项意为“主管,负责”;B项意为“如释重负”;C项意为“支持”;D项意为“作为回报”。故答案选D。
C
(2015·贵州贵阳一模)Communication is an important part of any relationship. Many of us are
__1__
to share our experiences or emotions
with our friends. But when it’s our turn to lend a(n)
__2__, we soon become bored or are short of ideas on how to
__3__ and offer advice.
That’s because of what researchers call “listener burnout
(精疲力竭)”. A friend might talk to us
__4__, often complaining about the same __5__ problems. When we offer quick
advice
to __6__ the
situation,
we
may
be unconsciously trying to __7__ ourselves from burnout. However, good listeners __8__ their natural tendency to solve
the
other’s
problems
hurriedly
and
to
keep
the conversation brief.
To be a good __9__,
you need to use “active listening”. It starts with the real
__10__
to help others and think through their feelings. Don’t __11__ things. You can start by putting your phone __12__ and sitting close to your friend. Let your facial expressions __13__ what he or she is saying. __14__ you are able to fully understand, acknowledge the other person’s __15__ by reflecting them back: “That must be really hard for you.” Use __16__ words or even sounds such as “yes”“right”, and “hmm” to __17__ the other person to continue.
Of course, a __18__ can be extremely hard if the other person is too critical.
But don’t get defensive.
Effective listeners don’t __19__ negative criticism. Instead, they listen and understand what the person is trying to convey __20__ responding.
【解题导语】 交流在人际关系中起着重要的作用,许多人都愿意和朋友分享自己的经历或情感,但是如何做一个善听者呢?文章对这个问题进行了说明。
1.A.afraid
B.hesitant
C.shy
D.eager
解析:选D。我们许多人都渴望和朋友分享自己的经历或感情。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”。
2.A.shoulder
B.hand
C.ear
D.eye
解析:选C。lend an ear为固定短语,意思为“倾听”。
3.A.respond
B.explain
C.argue
D.quit
解析:选A。根据“and offer advice”可知,我们对如何做出反应(respond)和提供建议没有了主意。
4.A.aimlessly
B.endlessly
C.deliberately
D.cautiously
解析:选B。由下文的“经常抱怨同样老生常谈的问题”可知,这里应该是无休止地(endlessly)对我们谈这些。
5.A.difficult
B.old
C.acute
D.sensitive
中华资源库解析:选B。参见上题解析。
6.A.fix
B.discuss
C.create
D.describe
解析:选A。由“offer quick advice”可知,应选fix,表示“解决”。
7.A.forgive
B.protect
C.discourage
D.prevent
解析:选B。protect sb./sth. from sth.表示“保护某人/某事免于某事”,符合语境。
8.A.follow
B.display
C.form
D.overcome
解析:选D。然而,好的倾听者会克服(overcome)他们的自然倾向来迅速解决他人的问题。
9.A.reader
B.partner
C.listener
D.speaker
解析:选C。由下文的“active listening”可知,做一个好的倾听者(listener)需要积极地倾听他人诉说。
10.A.demand
B.habit
C.desire
D.ability
解析:选C。开始时要有真的要帮助别人的渴望(desire),并认真考虑他们的感情。
11.A.skip
B.rush
C.overlook
D.postpone
解析:选B。rush things表示“仓促做事”,符合语境。
12.A.away
B.off
C.out
D.up
解析:选A。这里表示把你的手机收起来(putting your phone away),紧紧地坐在你朋友身边。
13.A.record
B.restrict
C.reflect
D.replace
中华资源库解析:选C。由下文的“by reflecting them back”可知,这里表示让你的面部表情对你朋友所说的话做出反应。
14.A.Whether
B.Since
C.While
D.If
解析:选A。作为一个倾听者不管你是否(whether)能够完全理解对方,你都要对对方的感情(feelings)做出回应。
15.A.suggestions
B.purposes
C.responses
D.feelings
解析:选D。参见上题解析。
16.A.big
B.tough
C.strong
D.short
解析:选D。由下文的yes, right和hmm可知,要用简短的(short)语言来鼓励(encourage)他人继续说下去。
17.A.force
B. remind
C.encourage
D.convince
解析:选C。参见上题解析。
18.A.conversation
B.suggestion
C.problem
D.lecture
解析:选A。由语境可知,这里说的是谈话(conversation)很难进行下去。
19.A.give up
B.make up
C.leave out
D.block out
解析:选D。善听者不会抹去负面批评,相反,他们会在做出反应之前倾听并且明白这个人试图传达的意思。block out“不去想,抹去”。
20.A.after
B.before
C.while
D.once
解析:选B。参见上题解析。
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