名词和数词 一、名词 1.名词的数 (1)常用作复数的名词 ①有些名词只用作复数或在一些固定用法中只用作复数,如:make preparations (=prepare)。 ②成双成对的东西一般只用作复数,如:scissors(剪刀),glasses,trousers,shorts(短裤),socks(短袜)。
(2)抽象名词、物质名词具体化 beauty(美,美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物) must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物) tea(茶)→a tea(一杯茶) 2.名词作定语 (1)用名词作定语修饰另一个名词时,通常用单数形式,如:toothbrushes牙刷;bookmarks书签。 (2)man和woman这两个词比较特殊,用单数还是复数取决于被修饰的名词,如:a man doctor一名男医生;two men doctors两名男医生。 (3)还有少数名词用其复数形式作定语,如:a clothes shop一家服装店;a sports man一名运动员。 3.名词的所有格 (1)表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加's,如:Jane's and Mary's bikes。 (2)表示共有的所有关系时,在最后一词末加's,如:Jane and Mary's father。 (3)表示“某人家”、“店铺”,所有格后的名词常省略,如:the doctor's;the barber's。 二、数词 1.倍数的表达法 (1)倍数+比较级+than He has read three times more books than I have.他读的书是我读过的三倍。 (2)倍数+as+adj./adv.+as We have produced three times as many computers as we did last year.我们生产的计算机是去年生产的三倍之多。 (3)倍数+the+n.(size,length,width,height...)+of China is almost twice/double the size of Mexico in area.中国的面积是墨西哥面积的两倍。(比墨西哥大一倍) (4)倍数+what从句 The length of the road is twice/double what it was three years ago.这条路的长度是三年前的两倍长。 (5)比较级+than...+by+倍数 The ruler is longer than that one by twice.这把尺子比那把长两倍。 2.表示“每隔……”时,可以使用基数词或序数词,即“every+基数词+名词复数”或“every+序数词+名词单数”,如:表示“每隔两天”用every three days或every third day。 根据汉语提示完成句子 1.Our school library is ______________ (他们的两倍大). 2.—What do you think of the project put forward by the Blacks? —Considering its ________________(实际价值),it will be well worth putting into practice,I suppose.
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