2017届高考英语（江苏专用）一轮复习讲义：Book 6 Unit 3（牛津译林版）

　　话题词汇

　　1.respect v.& n.尊重；尊敬

　　2.concern n.关心

　　3.sympathy n.同情

　　4.generation gap代沟

　　5.a good listener忠实的倾听者

　　6.be popular with受到……的欢迎

　　7.establish good relationship建立良好的关系

　　8.promote understanding增进理解

　　9.narrow the generation gap消除代沟

　　10.be open­minded to...包容……

　　经典语篇

　　实现有效的沟通，建立良好的人际关系，不仅要善于言表、更要学会倾听。请你根据下表中所提供的信息，写一篇题为“Being a Good Listener”的英文演讲稿。

　　为何倾听 表示尊重，增进理解，建立良好的人际关系

　　谁来倾听 家长倾听孩子 理解孩子，消除代沟，……

　　老师倾听孩子 了解学生，满足需求，……

　　同学相互倾听 增进友谊，互帮互学，……

　　怎样倾听 ……(列举两至三点)

　　注意：1.对所给要点逐一陈述，适当发挥，不要简单翻译；

　　2.词数150左右；

　　3.开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

　　Good afternoon，everyone!

　　The topic of my speech today is “Being a good Listener”.

　　Thank you for your listening!

　　佳作欣赏

　　Good afternoon，everyone!

　　The topic of my speech today is “Being a good Listener”.

　　Good listening can always show respect，promote understanding，and improve interpersonal relationship.①

　　Many people suggest that parents should listen more to their children，so they will understand them better，and find it easy to narrow the generation gap.Teachers should listen more to their students，then they can meet their needs better，and place themselves in a good relationship with their students.Students should listen more to their classmates，thus they will help and learn from each other and strengthen their friendship.②

　　What I want to stress is that each of us should listen more to others.③ Show your respect and never stop others till they finish their talk；show you are interested by a supportive silence or a knowing smile；be open­minded to different opinions even though you don’t like them.In a word，good listening can really enable us to get closer to each other.

　　Thank you for your listening!

　　思维发散

　　1.用as well as改写第①句

　　Good listening can always show respect，promote understanding as well as improve interpersonal relationship.

　　2.用非谓语动词作结果状语改写第②句

　　Students should listen more to their classmates，thus helping and learning from each other and strengthening their friendship.

　　3.仿照第③句翻译句子

　　我想强调的是大声读英语很重要。

　　What I want to stress is that reading English aloud counts.

　　Ⅰ.重点单词

　　A.写作单词

　　1.ensure (vt.)保证，担保，确保

　　2.alike (adj.)相像，十分相似；(adv.)十分相像地；同样地

　　3.prohibit (vt.)(尤指以法令)禁止

　　4.throughout (prep.& adv.)自始至终；贯穿整个时期；各处，遍及

　　5.congratulate (vt.)向(某人)道贺，祝贺

　　congratulation (n.)祝贺，恭喜

　　6.permit (vt.& vi.)允许，准许；(n.)许可证

　　permission (n.)许可，准许

　　7.offence (n.)冒犯；侮辱

　　offend (v.)冒犯；使生气；犯罪

　　8.adjust (vi.& vt.)适应，习惯；调整，调节

　　adjustment (n.)调整，调节；适应

　　adjustable (adj.)可调整的，可调节的

　　9.accustomed (adj.)习惯于；惯常的

　　accustom (vt.)使习惯于

　　10.familiar (adj.)通晓；熟悉

　　unfamiliar (adj.)陌生的，不熟悉的

　　11.celebration (n.)庆典；庆祝活动

　　celebrate (vt.& vi.)庆祝，庆贺

　　12.expectation (n.)期望，盼望

　　expect (vt.)期待，盼望；预料；猜想

　　13.slight (adj.)轻微的

　　slightly (adv.)轻微地，稍微

　　14.minority (n.)少数民族；少数，少数人

　　minor (adj.)较少的，较小的，次要的

　　major (adj.)较多的，主要的

　　15.account (n.)描述，叙述；账(户)

　　accountant (n.)会计人员，会计师

　　16.bravery (n.)勇敢

　　brave (adj.)勇敢的

　　17.govern (vt.)统治；控制，支配

　　governor (n.)统治者

　　government (n.)政府

　　18.mysterious (adj.)神秘的，奇怪的

　　mystery (n.)神秘；神秘的事或人

　　B.阅读单词

　　19.hug (vt.& vi.& n.)拥抱，抱紧

　　20.end­of­term (n.)学期末

　　21.wedding (n.)婚礼

　　22.reception (n.)招待会；接待；接受

　　23.bridegroom (n.)新郎

　　24.bride (n.)新娘

　　25.religion (n.)宗教

　　26.gesture (n.)手势；姿势；示意动作

　　27.feast (n.)盛宴，宴会；节日

　　28.mask (n.)面具；(vt.)伪装，掩饰

　　29.retell (vt.)复述，转述

　　30.steam (vt.& vi.)蒸，蒸发；(n.)蒸汽

　　31.greet (vt.)和某人打招呼(或问好)

　　greeting (n.)问候；问候语

　　32.musical (adj.)音乐的；(n.)音乐剧

　　musician (n.)音乐家

　　33.plain (n.)平原；(adj.)清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的

　　plainly (adv.)平坦地，明白地，清楚地

　　Ⅱ.重点短语

　　1.adjust to适应

　　2.get/be accustomed to习惯于

　　3.be familiar with对……熟悉

　　4.after all毕竟，终究

　　5.do without没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去

　　6.get into trouble陷入困境，遇到麻烦

　　7.dream of梦见；梦想

　　8.let alone更不用说

　　9.show sb.around带某人参观、游览

　　10.take up占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起

　　11.be aware of知道；意识到

　　12.hunt for寻找，搜寻，搜索

　　13.believe in相信；信任；信仰

　　14.have power over控制，支配

　　Ⅲ.经典句式

　　1.Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.

　　很多外国人很难习惯这一点。

　　2.Well，it’s time for me to go.

　　好了，我该走了。

　　3.One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.

　　英语里有如此多的法语词汇的原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。

　　4.While staying with the Inuit people you will have the chance to ride on a dog sled and travel in a seal­skin boat.

　　在与因纽特人相处期间，你将有机会乘坐狗拉雪橇，划用海豹皮制成的皮筏子。

　　5.It is believed that the Maori people came from the Pacific islands of Polynesia.

　　据说毛利人来自太平洋的波利尼西亚群岛。

　　1

　　[应试指导]　独立主格的用法

　　1permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事

　　permit doing sth.允许做某事

　　2permission n.允许，许可

　　ask for permission请求许可

　　without permission未经许可

　　(1)The windows permit light and air to enter.

　　这些窗户采光及通风性能良好。

　　(2)Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen.

　　住在有厨房的屋里的学生只可以在厨房里做饭。(2015·天津)

　　(3)He entered the room without permission.

　　他未经许可就进入了房间。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

　　①Time permitting (permit)，I may go to Shanghai with my friends.

　　②The owners don’t permit parking (park) cars in front of the shops.

　　③The doctor may ask for permission (permit)to speak with family members or friends.

　　(2)The driver shall be fined if he drives without

　　.

　　A.permission

　　B.time

　　C.patience

　　D.admittance

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：如果那个司机未经允许就开车，那会被罚款。without permission未经允许，是固定短语。

　　2

　　[应试指导]　be accustomed to作为高级词汇替换be used to

　　1get/become/be/grow accustomed ＝used to doing sth.习惯于做某事

　　2accustom vt.使习惯于

　　accustom sb./oneself to doing sth.使某人/自己习惯于做某事

　　(1)However，instead of devoting themselves to their work，they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.

　　但他们并不专心于自己的工作，他们工作只是为了维持这种很快就习以为常的生活方式。(2015·浙江)

　　(2)After living there for one year，they have been accustomed to working there.

　　在那儿生活了一年后，他们已经习惯在那儿工作了。

　　(3)It shouldn’t take long to accustom your students to working in groups.

　　你的学生应该很快就会习惯分组学习的。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　He was accustomed to the custom and didn’t want to change it.

　　①Accustomed to the custom，he didn’t want to change it. (用过去分词短语作状语改写)

　　②Accustoming himself to the custom，he didn’t want to change it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

　　(2)—They are quiet，aren’t they?

　　—Yes.They are accustomed

　　at meals.

　　A.to talk

　　B.to not talk

　　C.to talking

　　D.to not talking

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：——他们很安静，是吗？——是的，他们习惯了吃饭时不说话。be accustomed to中to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，且根据句意，talking应是否定式。故选D项。

　　3

　　[应试指导]　be expected to do，be supposed to do作为高级词汇替换should，had better

　　1meet/live up to one’s expectations不负某人所望

　　in expectation of预料

　　beyond expectations料想不到

　　2expect vt.预料；期待

　　expect sb.to do sth.预料某人做某事

　　as expected正如所料；不出所料

　　(1)I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations.

　　我肯定不会辜负你的期望。(2015·陕西)

　　(2)People select news in expectation of a reward.

　　人们选择资讯期望得到奖励。(2015·江苏)

　　(3)It’s surprising to see freshwater scenery at a place so close to the sea.It’s beyond my expectations!

　　在离海这么近的地方竟然能欣赏到淡水风光。真没想到啊！

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　He failed in the exam，and all of us had expected it.

　　①As expected，he failed in the exam.(用as的省略句改写)

　　②As was expected，he failed in the exam.(用as引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

　　③He failed in the exam，which was expected.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)

　　(2)—Have you seen the film The sound of Music?

　　—Not yet，but I

　　.

　　A.expect not

　　B.think to

　　C.expect so

　　D.expect to

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：——你看过《音乐之声》这部电影吗？——目前还没有，但我期待去看。expect to do sth.期待(预料)去做某事，to后省略了see the film The sound of Music。

　　4

　　[应试指导]　(1)on account of作为高级词汇替换because of　(2)on no account位于句首时的倒装用法

　　give an account of给予描述；进行说明

　　take sth.into account/take account of sth.认真考虑某事

　　on account of由于，因为

　　on no account决不置于句首时，句子用部分倒装

　　account for在数量和比例上占，占据；是……的原因；对……做出解释和说明

　　(1)The newspaper gave an incorrect account of the traffic accident.

　　这报纸给予的关于交通事故的叙述是不正确的。

　　(2)Innocent people get into trouble on account of others’ misfortune.

　　城门失火，殃及池鱼。

　　(3)On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals in the wild­animal park.

　　决不允许游客在野生动物区给动物喂食。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用account的相关短语完成句子

　　①Everything taken into account(认真考虑)，the plan is quite practical.

　　②The poor weather may have accounted for(是……的原因) the small crowd.

　　③She retired early on account of (由于) her health.

　　④On no account (决不) must you disturb me when I am at work.

　　(2)It is said that body language

　　55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.(2015·福建，25)

　　A.lies in

　　B.accounts for

　　C.consists of

　　D.goes with

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：据说肢体语言占第一印象的55%，而你说的话只占7%。lie in在于；account for(数量上、比例上)占；consist of由……组成(或构成)；go with与……相配(或协调、和谐)。

　　5

　　let/leave sb.alone别烦某人

　　let/leave sth.alone别碰某物；别管某事

　　let sb.down使某人失望；辜负某人

　　let out发出；放走，释放；把衬衣、外套等放大，放长，加宽；说出秘密，泄密

　　let go of放开；释放；忽略

　　(1)During the floods，the cars，trains and buildings could not survive，let alone the people who stood in the way.

　　在洪水来临时，汽车、火车，甚至建筑物都不能幸免，更不用说站在路上的人了。

　　(2)Please leave me alone.I need a quiet place to think it over.

　　请不要打扰我。我需要一个安静的地方思考。

　　(3)I’m counting on you to support me—don’t let me down!

　　我指望你支持我呢——别让我失望！

　　(4)Someone let out the news.

　　有人把消息泄露了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用let短语的适当形式填空

　　①She felt badly let down by her friends.

　　②Your mother’s tired—let her alone!

　　③She would not let go of the baby’s hand.

　　(2)—Are you getting a new car this year?

　　—You must be joking！I can’t afford to pay my bills，

　　buy a new car.

　　A.let alone

　　B.or rather

　　C.leave alone

　　D.other than

　　答案　A

　　解析　答语第二句意为：我连账单都付不起，更不用说买一辆新车了。let alone 更不必说；or rather倒不如说；leave alone听其自然；other than不同于。

　　6

　　give away赠送；泄露；出卖

　　give in交上；让步；屈服，投降

　　give up放弃；停止

　　give off放出；释放

　　give way to...给……让路；被……替代

　　(1)He has refused to give out any information on the matter.

　　他拒绝发表有关此事的任何消息。(2015·山东泰安高三期中)

　　(2)Someone in the group gave him away to the police.

　　团伙中有人向警察告发了他。

　　(3)Be prepared to stop if signalled to do so and give way to emergency vehicles.

　　随时准备按指示停车并给紧急服务车辆让路。

　　多维训练

　　(1)用give短语的适当形式填空

　　①The apples give off a very sweet smell.

　　②The car stopped when the petrol gave out.

　　③Talor is really stubborn.Whenever we have arguments，I am the one to give in.

　　④He gave up his seat to an old lady on the bus.

　　(2)Body language can

　　a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.(2015·浙江，7)

　　A.take away

　　B.throw away

　　C.put away

　　D.give away

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。give away泄露，符合语境。take away拿开，拿走；throw away扔掉；put away收起来，放好，储存。

　　7

　　come to/into power上台执政，掌权

　　beyond one’s power为某人能力所不及

　　in/within one’s power在能力/权力之内

　　in power在掌权

　　(1)That we have power over a situation gives us a feeling of power.

　　我们控制了局面使我们感到自己很强大。

　　(2)It’s not that I don’t want to help you，but it’s beyond my power to do so.

　　不是我不愿意帮你，只因我爱莫能助。

　　(3)I shall be happy to give you any information in my power.

　　我将很乐意向您提供我所知道的任何信息。

　　(4)The party have been in power for five years.

　　这个政党已经执政五年了。

　　多维训练

　　(1)同义句改写

　　He told her that he would do everything in his power to prove that he was the man for her.

　　①He told her that he would do what he could to prove that he was the man for her.(改为含有what从句的复合句)

　　②He told her that he would do his best to prove that he was the man for her.(用含do的短语改写)

　　(2)As you know，Barack Hussein Obama Jr.

　　in January 2009.

　　A.came into power

　　B.came into home

　　C.came into rule

　　D.returned to power

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：正如你所知，奥巴马在2009年时上台了。come into power当权，上台，执政；come into home进入家里；come into rule执行规则；return to power再度执政。

　　8

　　多维训练

　　(1)完成句子

　　①We should try all means to ensure ourselves against(确保我们免受) all possible risks.

　　②A car’s tires should be checked regularly to ensure their safety(以保证安全).

　　(2)

　　that your resume works for you，I recommend writing it more like a proposal than a job description.

　　A.Ensuring

　　B.Ensured

　　C.Having ensured

　　D.To ensure

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意为：为了确保你的简历对你能发挥作用，我建议你把它写的更像一个提议而不是一份工作描述。不定式作目的状语。故选D项。

　　9

　　多维训练

　　(1)用celebrate，congratulate的适当形式填空

　　①The old couple celebrated their fiftieth wedding anniversary last week.

　　②I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.

　　③Nowhere could she find the necklace given by her husband in celebration of their tenth wedding anniversary.

　　(2)We held a family party to

　　our parents’ silver wedding.

　　A.celebrate

　　B.memorize

　　C.congratulate

　　D.welcome

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词词义辨析。我们举办了一个家庭聚会来庆祝父母的银婚。celebrate sth.庆祝某事，符合句意。memorize记住；congratulate道贺，恭喜；welcome欢迎，迎接。因此选A。

　　(3)—I got that job I wanted at the public library.

　　—

　　！That’s good news.

　　A.Go ahead

　　B.Cheers

　　C.Congratulations

　　D.Come on

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查情景交际。Go ahead请吧；Cheers干杯；Congratulations祝贺你；Come on来吧，加油。根据答语后一句可知此处表示祝贺，故选C项。

　　10

　　多维训练

　　(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

　　①She found it hard to adjust to working(work) at night.

　　②He will have to make major adjustments(adjust) to his thinking if he is to survive in the office.

　　③She soon adjusted herself(she) to his way of life.

　　④These desks and seats can be adjusted(adjust) to the height of any child.

　　(2)Some schools will have to make

　　in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015·江苏，32)

　　A.judgments

　　B.adjustments

　　C.comments

　　D.achievements

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查名词词义辨析。句意为：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将必须做出调整。judgement判断；adjustment调整，适应；comment评论；achievement成果，成就。

　　11

　　多维训练

　　(1)用适当的介词填空

　　①Many of us Chinese people are familiar with the beauty of Hangzhou and Suzhou.

　　②This girl is familiar to me；maybe she is the girl whom I met in the street yesterday.

　　(2)完成句子

　　①所谓家乡的味道被认为是和熟悉的生长环境、妈妈做的美味的食物有关的。

　　The so­called flavor of hometown is thought to be associated with the familiar growth surroundings and delicious food cooked by Mother at home.

　　②这是我们都很熟悉的一种花。

　　This is a flower familiar to many of us.

　　12

　　take up拿起pick up，lift；接受accept；开始；继续continue；占用fill or use space or time；从事

　　多维训练

　　(1)写出下列句中take up的汉语意思

　　①The area of Asia takes up 27 per cent of the world’s total.占据

　　②He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.开始从事

　　③I always take up the book and read when I am in my low spirits.拿起

　　(2)After recovering from his illness，he was advised to

　　gardening as a hobby.

　　A.take away

　　B.take off

　　C.take down

　　D.take up

　　答案　D

　　解析　take up意为“从事”，符合题意。

　　13

　　It’s quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.

　　看新来的外教努力适应这个动作的样子很有趣。

　　动名词短语作主语时，常用于以下句式：

　　It is＋no use/good/fun＋doing sth.

　　It is＋of little use＋doing sth.

　　It is＋worthwhile＋doing/to do sth.

　　It is＋a waste of...＋doing/to do sth.

　　(1)It is no good keeping this secret.

　　将这事保密没有什么好处。

　　(2)It is a waste of energy arguing with her.

　　和她争论是浪费精力。

　　多维训练

　　(1)

　　playing dumb with teachers.They know their students very well.

　　A.It’s no use

　　B.There’s no doubt

　　C.It’s no wonder

　　D.There’s no need

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：和老师们装聋作哑是没用的。他们非常了解他们的学生们。It’s no use doing sth.做某事没有用；There’s no doubt that...毫无疑问……；It’s no wonder that...难怪……；There’s no need to do sth.做某事没必要。

　　(2)It’s no use

　　my husband

　　money.He won’t take your advice.

　　A.to argue with；about

　　B.arguing about；with

　　C.arguing with；about

　　D.to argue about；with

　　答案　C

　　解析　It is no use doing sth.做某事没有用；argue with sb.about sth.因为某事与某人争论。句意为：和我的丈夫争论钱是没有用的，他不会采纳你的建议的。

　　微写作

　　写作素材 (关于学习)

　　1.在期末考试中，李华取得了好成绩。

　　2.我们祝贺她取得了很大的进步。

　　3.她说学习占据了她的大部分时间。

　　4.她已适应了这种生活。

　　提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

　　连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)

　　In the end­of­term examination，Li Hua got a good grade.We congratulated her on her great progress.She said studying took up most of her time and she had already adjusted to this kind of life.

　　Ⅰ.单项填空

　　1.The winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Literature，Mo Yan，said he did not have high

　　of winning.Actually，he thought he had a slim chance to win.

　　A.assumptions

　　B.expectations

　　C.satisfactions

　　D.impressions

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意为：2017年诺贝尔文学奖的获得者莫言说他对得奖的期望不高。实际上，他认为他得奖的可能性不大。expectation期望，符合句意。assumption假设，假定；satisfaction满足，满意；impression印象。

　　2.I went through a period of emotional

　　after I failed in that important examination.I feel better now.

　　A.adjustment

　　B.commitment

　　C.occupation

　　D.negotiation

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：在那次重要的考试失败后，我熬过了一段时间的情绪调节期。现在感觉好多了。adjustment(行为、思想的)调整，适应，符合句意。commitment承诺，保证；occupation占有，职业；negotiation谈判。

　　3.The new rule has come into effect that at no time

　　in public places.

　　A.is smoking permitted

　　B.smoking is permitted

　　C.permits smoking

　　D.does smoking permit

　　答案　A

　　解析　at no time意为“决不”，位于句首时构成部分倒装句。smoking为从句主语，和permit之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。

　　4.—The football game last night was so wonderful.

　　—Oh，what a pity！If only I

　　earlier!

　　A.was told

　　B.would be told

　　C.am told

　　D.had been told

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查虚拟语气。句意为：——昨晚的足球赛非常精彩。——哎哟，真遗憾！要是我早点被告知就好了！if only表示“要是……就好了”，从句使用虚拟语气。根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此该句谓语动词应使用过去完成时，故选D。

　　5.It is

　　his tremendous enthusiasm and devotion that the old teacher is respected by all his students.

　　A.on account of

　　B.with regard to

　　C.in terms of

　　D.in reference to

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查介词短语辨析。句意为：正是因为他的巨大热情和投入，这位老教师深受所有学生的爱戴。on account of 由于，因为；with regard to 关于，至于；in terms of 就……而言；in reference to 关于。

　　6.Peter will

　　his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.(2015·陕西，25)

　　A.take up

　　B.put up

　　C.add up

　　D.break up

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：彼得将会于下个月底就任他旅游公司负责人的职位。take up开始从事；put up张贴，举起，建造；add up合计；break up打碎，解散，结束，分手。

　　7.Do you know the difficulty he，an elderly person of no family，had

　　five orphans at school?

　　A.keeping

　　B.to keep

　　C.having kept

　　D.to have kept

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：你知道他这样一个孤寡老人供五个孤儿上学的困难吗？have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事有困难”。本句是这个句型的变形，故选A。

　　8.Many experts have put forward a series of problems about the people’s livelihood，

　　the government will undertake necessary surveys.

　　A.based on which

　　B.basing on what

　　C.based on that

　　D.basing on them

　　答案　A

　　解析　考查定语从句。句意为：关于人民的生计，许多专家已提出了一系列问题，基于这些问题，政府将着手进行必要的调查。先行词是problems，确定是定语从句，排除B项；on是介词，排除C项；两个句子是逗号连接，排除D项。从句还原为：the government will undertake necessary surveys(which is) based on the problems。

　　9.The first time you take part in a race，

　　is very normal to feel tense.

　　A.which

　　B.what

　　C.that

　　D.it

　　答案　D

　　解析　考查it的用法。句意为：第一次参加比赛，你感到紧张是很正常的。it在此作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to feel tense。

　　10.I haven’t decided on the menu yet，let alone

　　the food.

　　A.buying

　　B.to buy

　　C.bought

　　D.buy

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意为：我还没决定吃什么菜呢，更不必说买食物了。let alone“更别提，更不用说”，后跟与前面部分相对应的谓语或名词。这里前面部分是完成时态，所以用过去分词。

　　11.The suggestion came from the general

　　the soldiers

　　camp after dark.

　　A.that；be prohibited from leaving

　　B.whether；were prohibited to leave

　　C.that；were prohibited from leaving

　　D.whose；should be prohibited to leave

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意为：将军的建议是天黑之后，禁止士兵离开营地。第一个空所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的内容，且引导词在从句中不作成分也无意义，故用that；suggestion后的名词性从句中应用虚拟语气形成“(should＋) do”，故选A。

　　12.Let’s hold a party to

　　your birthday and at the same time

　　you on your passing the driving test.

　　A.congratulate；celebrate

　　B.celebrate；celebrate

　　C.celebrate；congratulate

　　D.congratulate；congratulate

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查动词的固定搭配。句意为：让我们举办一个聚会庆祝你的生日，同时祝贺你通过了驾照考试。celebrate sth.庆祝某事；congratulate sb.on祝贺某人……。故C项正确。

　　13.The only reason

　　he’s cutting down his workers’ wages is

　　he’s in a very difficult position and has no alternative.

　　A.why；because

　　B.that；why

　　C.why；that

　　D./；because

　　答案　C

　　解析　第一个空，定语从句的先行词为reason，关系词在从句中作状语，所以用why引导定语从句；第二空说明reason的内容，根据系动词is可看出这是表语从句，即句型“The reason why...is that...”，故选C。

　　14. Many restaurant workers are accustomed

　　tips on to­go orders，so even if you give only a couple of dollars，I’m sure it will be appreciated.

　　A.to receive

　　B.to not receive

　　C.to receiving

　　D.to not receiving

　　答案　C

　　解析　be accustomed to习惯于……，其中to是介词，后应跟名词或动名词作宾语，故可排除A、B两项；由语境可知是习惯于接受小费，故选C。

　　15.—The scarf is nice，but the price is a little bit high.

　　—

　　，but if you want good quality，you have to pay more.

　　A.No wonder

　　B.No doubt

　　C.No offence

　　D.No problem

　　答案　C

　　解析　考查交际用语。句意为：——这条围巾很好，但是价格有点高。 ——请别见怪，但是你要想拥有好的质量，你就得付更高的价钱。no wonder难怪；no doubt毫无疑问；no offence无意冒犯，请别见怪；no problem没问题。

　　Ⅱ.阅读理解

　　(2015·福建，B)

　　Papa，as a son of a dirt­poor farmer，left school early and went to work in a factory，for education was for the rich then.So，the world became his school.With great interest，he read everything he could lay his hands on，listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There’s so much to learn，” he’d say.“Though we’re born stupid，only the stupid remain that way.” He was determined that none of his children would be denied (拒绝) an education.

　　Thus，Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though，as children，we thought this was crazy，it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day；no matter how insignificant，it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment，always to the point.

　　Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.

　　Papa，at the head of the table，would push back his chair and pour a glass of red wine，ready to listen.

　　“Felice，” he’d say，“tell me what you learned today.”

　　“I learned that the population of Nepal is...”

　　Silence.

　　Papa was thinking about what was said，as if the salvation(拯救) of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...” he’d say.“Get the map；let’s see where Nepal is.” And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.

　　This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts.

　　As children，we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our family，however，was growing together，sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education.And by looking at us，listening to us，respecting our input，affirming(肯定) our value，giving us a sense of dignity，Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher.

　　Later during my training as a future teacher，I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授) what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted，though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.

　　16.What do we know from the first paragraph?

　　A.The author’s father was born in a worker’s family.

　　B.Those born stupid could not change their life.

　　C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world.

　　D.The poor could hardly afford school education.

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“...for education was for the rich then.”可知当时受教育是富人的权利，穷人上不起学。

　　17.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “

　　”.

　　A.one new thing

　　B.a request

　　C.the news

　　D.some comment

　　答案　C

　　解析　代词指代题。根据上文中的“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly.”可以看出，it指的是the news。

　　18.It can be learned from the passage that the author

　　.

　　A.enjoyed talking about news

　　B.knew very well about Nepal

　　C.felt regret about those wasted days

　　D.appreciated his father’s educational technique

　　答案　D

　　解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的描述，在父亲的坚持下，我们的家庭凝聚力更强了。通过分享，肯定我们自己的价值，给我们尊严感，父亲无疑是我们最有影响力的老师，可以看出作者十分欣赏父亲的教育方式。

　　19.What is the greatest value of “dinner time” to the author?

　　A.Continual learning.

　　B.Showing talents.

　　C.Family get­together.

　　D.Winning Papa’s approval.

　　答案　A

　　解析　推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的“the value of continual learning”可知对作者来说，儿时长期坚持的晚餐时间的交流实际上是一种持续不断的学习，而这正是“dinner time”的价值所在。

　　20.The author’s father can be best described as

　　.

　　A.an educator expert at training future teachers

　　B.a parent insistent on his children’s education

　　C.a participant willing to share his knowledge

　　D.a teacher strict about everything his students did

　　答案　B

　　解析　推理判断题。纵观全文，尽管父亲出身贫寒，没有接受学校教育，但父亲坚持让孩子接受教育，故选B项。

　　Ⅲ.任务型阅读

　　Have you ever been so absorbed in a conversation at a party that you failed to notice that someone new is standing only six inches away from you，trying to get your attention？It’s possible that you were so distracted that you didn’t notice someone approaching you.But it’s also entirely likely that you were experiencing change blindness.

　　Change blindness is a phenomenon that occurs when a person is unable to notice visual changes in their environment，despite the fact that they are often rather obvious.In cases of change blindness，the person isn’t failing to notice small or insignificant changes，but will probably miss big changes，like someone standing next to them waving their hand.

　　Early experiments with change blindness focused largely on memory and perception when viewing pictures.For example，a person might be shown a photograph of a street scene in Egypt and told to memorize the image.Following that，they would be shown the same picture with certain elements added or taken away and asked to identify what’s different.Very often the individual could recall the larger aspects of the picture but couldn’t recognize the smaller changes.

　　In the 1990s，researcher Daniel Simons conducted a fascinating study into change blindness that many people find unbelievable.In Simons’ study，he asked participants to watch a video of a basketball being passed around between several people，with a particular focus on the basketball itself.When the experiment was over，Simons found that a large number of participants were so focused on watching the basketball being passed around that they failed to notice a man in a gorilla suit jumping around in front of the camera.

　　It’s important to note that the change in Simons’ video wasn’t subtle；the gorilla is very obviously taking up much of the frame.Simons concluded that participants were experiencing inattentional blindness，which is when a person fails to notice a major change because they are so focused on another task.In this case，because participants were asked to focus on the movement of the basketball，their brains prioritized that task in order to do it properly，thereby missing the other things happening in the video.

　　In the case of Simons’ study，participants engaged what’s referred to as attentional selection，which is when a person selects certain things to focus on in order to achieve a task and filters out anything that is unrelated to the objective.

　　There are a number of theories about what causes a person’s inability to recognize obvious changes in their environment，but most agree that the phenomenon is related to sensory processing.Broadly speaking，our brains have a limited capacity to detect and process everything in our environment.Instead，what the brain does is to choose certain things to process，evaluate，and store，which allows other things to be missed or filtered out.

　　In simple terms，change blindness has a great deal to do with where a person directs their attention.In the case of the gorilla and the basketball，people focused their attention almost exclusively on one thing，which caused them to miss other elements or changes.Given that attention is often at the root of change blindness，a person’s age or mental and physical health can influence how well they will notice changes in stimuli.

　　Title Change Blindness

　　21. Definition/Concept of change blindness Change blindness is a surprising perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a person recognizes minor changes in scenes while large changes go 22.unnoticed.

　　Experiments with change blindness •The main 23.focus of early experiments was memory and perception.

　　•Individuals were found to be 24.poor at recalling the smaller details in the same picture previously shown to them.

　　Research in the 1990s •In Simons’ study，participants were asked to pay special attention to the 25.moving basketball，during which time a man wearing a gorilla suit unexpectedly walked through the scene.

　　•Contrary to popular belief，with their attention fixed on the basketball，many participants reported that the “gorilla” 26.escaped their notice.

　　•It is concluded that participants fail to recognize something big but unrelated to the objective when their brains are programmed to consider some task as a top 27.priority.

　　28.Causes of change blindness •The brain makes 29.choices about what to be done with because of its limited capacity.

　　•Although attention is closely 30.related/linked to change blindness，age and health are other factors that play a role.