2016届江苏省常州市高考英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解（2）

　　江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（2）

　　安徽省英语学科《考试说明》对任务型读写的要求是：任务型读写是发展学生综合运用语言能力的重要途径。考生必须在认真阅读所给短文的基础上，对短文中的信息进行筛选、整合与概括，最终根据表格设计要求，在每个空格里填写一个恰当的单词。

　　一、命题特点

　　阅读材料为一篇300字左右的文章，在文章后设10道小题，答题参考时间为10分钟。

　　1. 任务型读写所选文章体裁多样，题材真实，内容贴近现代社会生活。表格一般是文章的整体结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。

　　2. 主要考查学生以下能力：

　　(1) 提取有效信息的能力。仔细阅读文章，锁定相关细节，找出与表格中需要填写的内容相关的信息，把握文章的结构和层次。

　　(2) 组织处理信息的能力。结合文章的内容和表格的形式，将提取的有效信息根据句型结构变化和语法要求，对词性、词形加以转换，填入恰当的单词。

　　(3) 综合概括信息的能力。要求考生将获取的信息进行归纳并加工。如：问题的原因、文章的结论、作者的态度等。

　　3. 题目设置：题目的设置归纳起来可以分为以下三种类型：提取信息题、转换信息题和概括信息题。

　　(1) 提取信息题。能够直接在原文中提取到答案，即该词在原文中出现过。这种考查一般为4个。

　　(2) 转换信息题。需要转换表达方式，将原文出现过的句子转换成另一种形式表达出来，即同义表达；或将原文中出现过的词汇进行词性、词形转换。这种考查一般为4个。

　　(3) 概括信息题。这种题目在文中无法直接找到答案，需要学生对文章部分乃至全部内容进行概括、总结，并结合表格内容进行推理、判断才能得出。这种考查一般为2个。

　　近四年高考真题题型分类统计表

　　提取信息题 转换信息题 概括信息题

　　2010年 数量 4 4 2

　　题号 76, 77, 80, 81 79, 82, 83, 84 78, 85

　　2011年 数量 4 4 2

　　题号 76, 78, 84, 85 77, 81, 82, 83 79, 80

　　2017年 数量 4 4 2

　　题号 79, 81, 82, 84 78, 80, 83, 85 76, 77

　　2017年 数量 4 4 2

　　题号 76, 77, 78, 79 80, 82, 83, 84 81, 85

　　二、解题步骤

　　1. 解题前

　　(1) 扫读表格。分析表格的设计结构，理清其显示的层次关系，初步了解文章的发展脉络及大体内容。要特别注意小标题，它通常是段落的主题句。

　　(2) 分析表格。研究表格的结构并弄清任务，根据空格找线索。表格各行的设计大致是按照段落的顺序而设计的。

　　2. 解题中

　　根据已有的表格内容来确定短文的发展脉络，以文脉为导引，关注细节，理解段意，将有效信息对号入座。答题时，务必遵循“先易后难，各个击破”的原则，不要在个别题目上耗费太多时间。

　　(1) 略读。快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句(即topic sentence)和首尾段，以把握主旨大意；结合表格框架，理清文章的基本结构。

　　① 把握文章主旨。

　　② 概括段落大意。

　　③ 将表格提纲还原至短文中。

　　(2) 精读。深入理解文章内容，细读与空格中要填的信息有关的文段，找准特定信息。

　　① 明确空格要求。

　　② 定位文中相关信息。

　　③ 注意单词的适当形式及前后搭配。

　　④ 联想相关近义词或同义词，表达相似意义。

　　⑤ 进行释义转述。

　　⑥ 归纳文章内容，提炼主题。

　　3. 解题后

　　最后，确定题目答案。在明确表格设计的基础上，再回到短文中，复查所填内容。结合题意和要求认真核实，检查意思是否准确、表达方式是否得当、单词拼写是否正确，这样才能获得该试题的高分。

　　在填写答案时，务必要注意书写工整、规范，千万不要因为大小写或抄写错误而被扣分。另外，还要注意词性的转换和词形的正确使用。

　　注意以下几点：

　　(1) 字迹清晰，拼写正确。

　　(2) 注意短语的固定搭配。

　　(3) 相关的语法知识：

　　① 动词的适当形式: 时态，单复数，非谓语动词形式。

　　② 名词的性、数、格。

　　③ 形容词的比较级和最高级。

　　三、解题技巧

　　在掌握了上期讲过的解题步骤之后，还需要掌握一些实用的解题技巧：

　　1. 提取信息的技巧

　　(1) 确定对应关系。根据所给图表结构把握文章中心大意以及文章的脉络，弄清楚文章与表格之间的关系，确定表格中各行各列与文章段落之间的对应关系。

　　(2) 定位句子。在文章中标出与表格内出现的句子相似或一致的内容，并加以比较、对照。

　　2. 转换信息的技巧

　　有许多答案是不能直接在文章中找到原词的，这需要我们对原始信息进行加工。这些加工大多与语法知识、短语搭配和固定句型有关。具体涉及：主动与被动、谓语动词与非谓语动词、动词原形与动词第三人称单数形式、动词与名词、名词与形容词、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级、名词单、复数等。

　　3. 概括信息的技巧

　　(1) 看懂表格。归纳概括题往往位于表格上面第一栏或表格左栏。需要归纳概括的内容通常是段落大意或全文主旨。技巧有：看下面的单元格向上概括；看右边的单元格向左归纳。做题时尤其要注意：①大小写；②单、复数；③搭配。

　　(2) 掌握常见的归纳概括词语：

　　① 意图与目的：

　　purpose(s), intention(s), aim(s), goal(s), target(s)

　　② 方式与方法：

　　method(s), mean(s), approach(es), way(s), measure(s), manner(s), solution(s)

　　③ 比较：

　　similarity (-ies), difference(s), advantage(s), disadvantage(s), benefit(s)

　　④ ：

　　reason(s), cause(s)

　　⑤ /结论：

　　conclusion(s), result(s), consequence(s), effect(s)

　　⑥ /提示：

　　advice, suggestion(s), tip(s), instruction(s)

　　社会生活类。

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it’s a girl.”

　　Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.

　　Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child,　it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this remobilization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.

　　It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. The mother’s role seems to require complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation; on the other hand,　the father’s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing number of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

　　1. According to the author, being a father______.　

　　A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men

　　B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters

　　C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy

　　D. means nothing but more responsibilities

　　2. It is stated in the passage that______.　

　　A. some parents are not prepared to have a child

　　B. young couples do not like children at all

　　C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children

　　D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

　　3. The transition to the mother’s role requires that the wife______.　

　　A. change her lifestyle in a highly innovative way

　　B. make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation

　　C. stay at home to take care of the baby

　　D. help her husband in his remobilization process

　　4. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles,　fathers,　compared with mothers, ______.　

　　A. have to shoulder more burdens

　　B. have to make more difficult adaptations

　　C. have an easier job to do

　　D. can usually do a better job

　　【参考答案】32.CABC 　

　　社会生活类。

　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　Being the head of a high school for many years, I grew tired of budget meetings, funding cuts, and many other administrative chores (杂务). I started to dream of retirement. Sitting in traffic on a weekday morning, I would find my mind wandering, I would imagine spending time with my grandchildren, quiet evenings with my wife, traveling, or rediscovering some great books. I told myself that I wouldn’t sign myself up for any committees, any classes, or anything requiring a schedule.

　　My first day of retirement came at last!I cooked a great breakfast for my wife and me, leisurely read the paper, cleaned a bit of the house, and wrote a few letters to friends. On the second day, I cooked breakfast, read the paper . . . On the third day, . . . This is retirement? I tried to tell myself that it was just the transition(过渡), that those golden moments were right round the corner, and that I would enjoy them soon enough. But something was missing.

　　A former colleague asked a favor. A group of students were going to Jamaica to work with children in the poorest neighborhoods. Would I interrupt my new found “happiness” and return to the students, just this once? One trip. That’s all. My bags were packed.

　　The trip was very inspiring. I was moved not only by the poverty I saw but also by the sense of responsibility of the young people on the trip. When I returned home, I offered to work one day a week with a local youth organization. The experience was so positive that I was soon volunteering nearly full-time, working with students across North America to assist them in their voluntary work.

　　Now, it seems the tables have turned. Some days I am the teacher, other days I am the student. These young people have reawakened my commitment (责任感) to social justice issues by challenging me to learn more about the situation in the world today, where people are still poor and suffer because of greed, corruption and war. Most importantly, they have given me the opportunity to continue to participate in helping to find solutions. In return, I help them do their charitable projects overseas. I’ve gone from running one school to helping oversee the construction of schools in twenty-one countries!

　　1. What did the writer expect to do after he retired?

　　A. To stay away from busy schedules.

　　B. To write some great books.

　　C. To do some voluntary work.

　　D. To plan for his future.

　　2. Why did the writer decide to go to Jamaica?

　　A. He missed his students in that country.

　　B. He couldn’t refuse his colleague’s favor.

　　C. He was concerned about the people there.

　　D. He was not satisfied with his retired life.

　　3. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?

　　A. My Retired Life.

　　B. Being the Head of a High School.

　　C. My Attitudes towards Life.

　　D. An Experience of Being a Volunteer.

　　4. What does the writer think of his retired life now?

　　A. Disappointing.　 B. Troublesome.

　　C. Promising. D. Meaningful.

　　【参考答案】33.ADAD