2016届江苏省常州市高考英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解（5）

　　江苏常州市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮训练（5）

　　一、设题方式

　　The passage is mainly about

　　.

　　Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

　　Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　What would be the best title for the passage?

　　What’s the main theme of the passage?

　　What’s mainly discussed in the passage?

　　二、干扰项特点

　　1. 断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

　　2. 以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。

　　3. 主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。

　　4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。

　　三、解题指导

　　解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：

　　1. 正三角形写作法

　　主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。资讯报道的首句通常称为“资讯导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大部分说明文也是如此。

　　例1：

　　[2017年福建卷阅读理解E篇]

　　A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.

　　Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

　　Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”

　　…

　　75. What would be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young Inspirations

　　B. Young People Find a World of Opportunity

　　C. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to Paris

　　D. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades

　　解析：BA MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.

　　…

　　67. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. The beginning of road design.

　　B. The development of transport wheels.

　　C. The history of public transport.

　　D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.

　　解析：B。本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。

　　2. 倒三角形写作法

　　主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。

　　例：

　　[2017年广东卷阅读理解B篇]

　　Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that’s just the reality of how life is.

　　However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

　　…

　　Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If you’re not willing to put in the time and work, don’t expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work won’t guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into.

　　35. What is the main theme of the passage?

　　A. Having a goal is vital to success.

　　B. Being good is different from being great.

　　C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.

　　D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.

　　解析：C。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。

　　3. 菱形写作法

　　比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type 2)。

　　常用于Type 1的表达：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, so…that, so that…等。

　　常用于Type 2的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。

　　例1：

　　[2017年天津卷阅读理解C篇]

　　Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

　　…

　　Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey — and the best part of yourself.

　　50. What could be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Charm of the Detour

　　B. The Road to Bravery

　　C. Creativity out of Necessity

　　D. Road Trip and Country Life

　　解析：A。本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。

　　例2：

　　[2017年广东卷阅读理解D篇]

　　While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

　　…

　　In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid — that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

　　Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.

　　…

　　45. Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

　　A. The Advantages of Online Exams

　　B. The High-tech Methods in Online Courses

　　C. The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

　　D. The War against the Booming of Online Education

　　解析：C，In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education和the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”等句点明了本文的主旨内容。

　　【跟踪训练】

　　Ⅰ

　　Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don’t listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didn’t realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.

　　I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot — and my boss — so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.

　　CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesn’t overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. So when I’m in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”.

　　• Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

　　A. CRM: A New Way to Make Flying Safe

　　B. Flying Makes Me a Better Doctor

　　C. The Making of a Good Pilot

　　D. A Pilot-Turned Doctor

　　Ⅱ

　　Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

　　• What is mainly discussed in the passage?

　　A. How to listen well.

　　B. What to listen to.

　　C. Benefits of listening.

　　D. Problems in listening.

　　参考答案及解析：

　　Ⅰ

　　B。本文作者采用了倒叙。第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句。

　　Ⅱ

　　A。本段第一句Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else为关键句，，：

　　阅读理解

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship. It is a program which provides friendship and fun by matchingvulnerable young people(ages 7- 17) with a volunteer adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.

　　Volunteer tutors come from all walks of life—married, single, with or without children. Big Brothers and Big Sisters are not replacement parents or social workers. They are tutors: someone to trust, to have fun with, to talk and go to when needed.

　　A Big Sister and Little Sister will generally spend between one and four hours together three or four times each month for at least twelve months. They enjoy simple activities such as a picnic at a park, cooking, playing sport or going to a football match. These activities improve the friendship and help the young person develop positive self- respect, confidence and life direction.

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters organizations exist throughout the world. It is the largest and most well- known provider of tutor services internationally and has been operating for 25 years.

　　Emily and Sarah have been matched since March 2008. Emily is a 10- year- old girl who has experienced some difficulties being accepted by her schoolmates at school. ‘I was pretty sure there was something wrong with me. ’

　　Emily’s mum came across Big Brothers Big Sisters and thought it would be of benefit to Emily by‘providing different feedback(反馈) about herself other than just relying on schoolmates to measure her self- worth. ’

　　Sarah wanted to get involved in a volunteer program. ‘I googled it and found out how to be a part of it. I thought it would be fun for me to get involved in making time to do something because sometimes it’s all work and no play. ’

　　Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!

　　1. What is the aim of Big Brothers Big Sisters?

　　A. To offer students public services.

　　B. To help students improve their grades.

　　C. To organize sport activities for young people.

　　D. To provide partnership and fun for young people.

　　2. A volunteer is usually expected to work within a year for at least　.　

　　A. 24 hours　 B. 36 hours　C. 48 hours　D. 72 hours

　　3. According to Emily’s mother, this program may provide Emily with　.　

　　A. advice from her teachers

　　B. a new way to assess herself

　　C. a new way to judge her schoolmates

　　D. more comments from her schoolmates

　　4. Why did Sarah want to get involved in the program?

　　A. She used to be a volunteer.

　　B. She needed a part- time job.

　　C. She felt a bit bored with her life.

　　D. She wanted to get a challenging job.

　　5. According to the passage, ‘vulnerable young people’ are probably those who are　.　

　　A. popular at school　B. rather weak physically

　　C. easily hurt emotionally D. confident in themselves

　　【参考答案】38.DBBCC　

　　阅读理解

　　You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or a creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing (内化) your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

　　Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don’t let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don’t blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred(神圣的) moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

　　Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

　　In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

　　In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

　　1. What does the word “they” in Paragraph 1 probably refer to?

　　A. People and things around you.

　　B. Opportunities and problems.

　　C. Creators and their choices.

　　D. Victims and their sufferings.

　　2. According to Paragraph 2, creators　.　

　　A. seem willing to experience failures in life

　　B. possess the ability to predict future life

　　C. handle ups and downs of life wisely

　　D. have potential to create something new

　　3. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?

　　A. Creators and victims face quite different things in life.

　　B. Creators and victims are masters of their lives.

　　C. Victims can influence more people than creators.

　　D. Compared with victims, creators are more emotional.

　　4. The examples mentioned in Paragraph 4 show that　 ___　 .　

　　A. strong attachment to sufferings in life pulls people into victims

　　B. people need family support to deal with challenges in life

　　C. it takes creators quite a long time to get rid of their pains

　　D. one’s experiences determine his attitude toward life

　　5. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

　　A. To define victims and creators.

　　B. To evaluate victims against creators.

　　C. To explain the relationship between victims and creators.

　　D. To suggest the transformation from victims to creators.

　　【参考答案】39.ACBAD