2016届陕西省咸阳市高考英语二轮复习选练：阅读理解（3）

　　陕西咸阳市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（3）

　　阅读理解

　　Remember that divorce is confusing for children. When you first talk with children, limit your discussion to the most important issues; children can become confused if they are given too much information at once.children need to hear that their basic needs will be met, that someone will still fix breakfast in the morning, help them with their homework. Children also need to know that their relationship with both parents will continue, if possible. In the face of so many changes, children also need to hear what will remain the same. Parents can make sure their children through words and actions that their love will continue despite the changes in family life.

　　During these family discussions, it is important for parents to tell children that the divorce is final and avoid giving children false hopes that the parents will reunite. Parents can also use this time to tell children that the divorce is not their fault. Many children believe that the divorce is a result of something that they did. For instance, when asked why parents divorce, some children may explain that parents are divorcing because the children misbehaved or received bad grades in school. Remember to ask children about their fears and concerns. Give children time to think about the divorce and the changes ahead.

　　Take your children’s questions and concerns seriously and listen to what they say. As stated by one child, “This is gonna affect the rest of my life and I don’t know if they just don’t realize that, or don’t care, or what, but I don’t feel like I’m being heard.”

　　Children need to know that parents recognize the impact of divorce on children’s lives. By listening to children’s thoughts and feelings about the divorce, parents show their ongoing care and concern.

　　1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. Talking with children about divorce.

　　B. The relationship between children and parents.

　　C. Don’t blame your child for divorce.

　　D. Showing more concern for your child.

　　2. If you first talk about your divorce with your son, 　.

　　A. you can tell him the real reason why you couple parted

　　B. you should say that you couple will remarry

　　C. you may as well tell him you still love him

　　D. you can avoid talking about your sorrow

　　3. Faced with a broken-up family, 　.

　　A. parents can provide numberless of reasons

　　B. parents can keep their relationship continued

　　C. parents should remove the worry of the child

　　D. parents must be careful and cautious

　　4. According to the passage parents’ divorce will　.

　　A. make children filled with guilty

　　C. result in children’s grades going down

　　C. leave children lack self-confidence

　　D. cause children to be ill-tempered

　　5. If you were such a parent, you should do the following EXCEPT　.

　　A. you should pay more attention to what your child talks about

　　B. you must care whatever your child is thinking about

　　C. you can blame the divorce on your partner

　　D. you’d better keep regular touch with your child

　　【参考答案】12. ACCAC　

　　阅读理解

　　This question comes up naturally in the first few weeks at home if a baby is crying a lot between feedings instead of sleeping peacefully. You pick him up and walk him around and he stops crying, at least for the time being. Lay him down, and he starts all over again.

　　I don’t think you need to worry much about spoiling in the first month or even the first 6 months. The chances are great that such a young baby is feeling miserable. If he stops crying when picked up, it’s probably because the warm pressure on his abdomen from being held make him forget his pain or tension. The answer to this question really depends on what lessons you think babies are learning in the first months of life. It is unlikely that they are capable of learning to expect their every wish to be attended to 24 hours a day.

　　What infants are learning during this period is a sense of basic trust in the world. If their needs are met lovingly, they come to feel that the world is a place where good things generally happen and bad experiences are soon corrected.

　　Psychologists use the term “secure attachment (依赖)” to talk about basic trust. A child who has a secure attachment to a parent or caregiver believes that parent will keep him safe and will provide for his pressing needs. Some parents worry that picking up babies right away will make them overly dependent. I like to tell these parents about a very important study on the effects picking up crying babies. Babies whose parents try to respond immediately to their crying actually cry less, and are more independent as preschoolers, compared to babies who were left to “cry it out”.

　　1. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

　　A. Can an Infant Be Spoiled?

　　B. Why Does an Infant Cry?

　　C. How Do You Deal with an Infant?

　　D. Shall an Infant Be Picked up?

　　2. The reason why an infant cries is that 　.

　　A. he/she expects to be picked up

　　B. he/she doesn’t feel comfortable

　　C. he/she plays a trick on purpose

　　D. he/she is in great need of sleep

　　3. What does the underlined word “abdomen” in the second paragraph mean?

　　A. face B. arm C. stomach D. head

　　4. If an infant is picked up when crying, 　.

　　A. he/she will think the world is magic

　　B. he/she will form a habit of dependence

　　C. he/she will seek more help from others

　　D. he/she will have a sense of basic trust

　　5. The psychologists think that 　.

　　A. caring an infant too much is bad for his/her health

　　B. you can never spoil your infant too much

　　C. an infant being picked up will lead to laziness

　　D. it is much better to leave a crying baby aside

　　【参考答案】13. ABCDB　

　　高考英语书面表达考前精讲精练（答案）

　　浅谈高考书面表达

　　一、命题特点

　　2011-2017年的湖南高考书面表达命题形式分别是图画式、提纲式和英语关键词提示，都属于开放式作文，要求考生先进行描述(2011年是对图画内容进行描述，2017-2017年是对某个事件进行描述)，然后发表自己的感想或从中获得的启示，属于夹叙夹议的文体。

　　二、 书面表达按命题形式分类

　　1. 关键词提示类

　　关键词提示类作文就是给出几个关键词，如2017年湖南高考题就是给出4个英文关键词，然后要求考生根据自己的实际情况，先描述自己或他人的一次经历，然后写出自己的感受。

　　技巧: 根据题目要求可以确定所要写的文章为夹叙夹议的体裁。另外，由于题目要求考生必须使用所给的4个英文关键词，所以考生应仔细分析所给关键词的词性、词义及各个词间可能存在的联系，并把这些关键词放在整个行文脉络的各个要点上，然后连点成线，从而形成严谨的文章结构，最后在内容及语言表达方面进行细节上的润色和改进。

　　2. 提纲类

　　提纲作文通常会罗列出几个要点，要求考生根据所列要点来组织语言，然后按照一定的逻辑顺序准确无误地表达信息。

　　技巧：考生应根据所提供的要点进行构思，并且要分析各点之间的逻辑关系，确定连接词、过渡句，然后发挥自己的想象力，采用多样的词汇、句式和句型把要点完整地表达出来。

　　3. 图画类

　　该命题方式一般给出一幅或多幅图画。这些图画通常寓意深刻，或批判某种社会现象，或颂扬好人好事，或提倡某种行为，或叙述某件事情。图画作文首先考查的是学生的理解能力。它要求考生在有限的时间内快速获得图画所传达的信息，从而根据所掌握的信息进行发挥创作。

　　技巧：考生应注意读懂图画及写作要求，分析写作的主题，并确定短文的体裁及段落发展方式。如果图画内容以描述为主，即按时间先后顺序或空间方位顺序排列。如果图画内容是以解释说明为主，则需要考生直接写出图画的意义。

　　该类型的作文给了考生一定的想象余地和发挥空间。同时，它也暗含了条件与限制，即考生所有的叙述都不得脱离图画，考生可以增加细节，但是增加的细节只是基于写作的需要，不能违背图画的本意。

　　三、 写作策略

　　一篇优秀的文章是由严谨的结构、丰富的内容和精彩的语言三个部分组成的一个有机整体。考生只有在如何构思结构、丰富内容、升级语言三个方面做到面面俱到，才能轻松自如地面对各种高考作文题目。

　　四、 实例分析

　　[题目1] (2017年湖南卷)

　　Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　生活中，你自己或他人曾有过物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历，其间有烦恼、有惊喜、有感慨……请就此写一篇英语短文。

　　主要内容包括：

　　1) 丢失的物品；

　　2) 物品失而复得的经过；

　　3) 你的感想。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数不少于120个；

　　2. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　分析

　　第一步：审题。

　　1. 审文体。题目要求先叙述，后发表自己的感想，属于以叙为主的夹叙夹议的文章体裁。

　　2. 审结构。根据要求可以把文章分成两部分。在第一部分中叙述自己或他人的一次经历，在第二部分中发表自己的感想。

　　3. 审人称和时态。根据写作要求判断，可以通篇使用第一人称，也可以在叙述部分使用第三人称，在发表感想部分使用第一人称。时态根据实际写作需要可以使用过去时态及将来时态等。

　　4. 审内容。此写作题目属于提纲类写作，属于开放式作文，留给考生很大的自由发挥空间，特别是后面的发表感受部分。考生需要根据所给的提纲，即题目所给的主要内容包括的各项内容，考虑好自己所要叙述的事件、所要发表的感受及所要使用的词汇、句式和句型。

　　第二步：构思。

　　下面以“三段式作文法”来就此题目给出详细指导。常言道“好的开始是成功的一半”。“三段式作文法”中的第一段将直接影响阅卷老师对该篇作文的第一印象。具体到此题目，可直接通过“生活中，你自己或他人曾有物品不慎丢失而又找回的经历”这一常见现象引入文章话题，如“Getting back what you have lost would be an unforgettable experience.” 然后，很自然地过渡到自己或他人也曾有过的类似经历，如“Last Monday, I lost my expensive cell phone, on which my name was inscribed.”这样清晰地表达出了记叙文“when, who, what”三大基本要素。

　　在第二段中按时间顺序描述“物品失而复得”的经过。可以使用一些标志性词句，如“That morning, On arriving at school, When the exam ended”等。

　　在第三段中发表自己的感想，总结全文，升华主题。可用一个介词短语“From this experience”自然过渡到第三段的感想。“I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.”表达出自己通过“失而复得”的故事，体会到诚信对构建一个温暖、和谐的社会有重要的作用。

　　范文

　　Getting back what you have lost would be an unforgettable experience. Last Monday, I lost my expensive cell phone, on wich my name was inscribed. Fortunately, it was returned.

　　That morning, I rushed out of my house and jumped into a taxi, for I would be late for the final examination. On arriving at school, I headed for my classroom quickly, not noticing that I had left my cell phone on the seat next to the driver’s. When the exam ended, to my great surprise, I found the driver waiting at the school gate. He handed the phone over to me, wearing a smile on his face. So touched was I that tears rolled down my cheeks.

　　From this experience, I am firmly convinced of the significance of honesty, which will contribute to building a warm and harmonious society.

　　点评

　　这篇范文要点齐全。全文文笔流畅，巧妙地运用了连接词或过渡词，运用了较为高级的词汇和复杂的句子结构。整篇文章层次清楚，段落分明，是一篇优秀的范文。

　　[题目2] (2017年湖南卷)

　　Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.

　　请以下列词语为关键词写一篇英语短文。

　　match

　　winner

　　loser

　　result

　　内容：

　　1. 自己或他人的一次经历；

　　2. 你的感受。

　　注意：

　　1. 必须使用所给4个关键词；

　　2. 词数不少于120个；

　　3. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。

　　分析

　　第一步：审题。审题通常要审以下四个方面：

　　1. 审文体。题目要求先叙述，后发表自己的感受，属于以叙为主的夹叙夹议的文章体裁。

　　2. 审结构。根据要求可以把文章分成两部分。在第一部分中叙述自己或他人的一次经历，在第二部分中发表自己的感受。

　　3. 审人称和时态。根据写作要求判断，可以通篇使用第一人称，也可以在叙述部分使用第三人称，在发表感受部分使用第一人称。时态可以使用过去时态。

　　4. 审内容。此写作题目属于关键词提示类写作，属于开放式作文，留给考生很大的自由发挥空间，特别是后面的发表感受部分，不同的考生会给出不同的感受。考生需要根据关键词的词性、词义及各个词间可能存在的联系考虑好自己所要叙述的事件、所要发表的感受及所要使用的词汇、句式和句型。

　　第二步：构思。构思是指思考文章的结构。构思的过程实际上就是打腹稿，可以简要地列出作文的要点。

　　当然，如果时间允许的话，可以打个草稿，然后进行修改和润色，最后再工整地誊写在答卷上。

　　范文

　　Last Friday afternoon, our school held a football match. In order to win the match, we had made good preparations for it — organizing several meetings to discuss the ways and skills to win the match and keeping on exercising to be expert at defending our goal. When the day finally came, we were so convinced of winning that all of us were excited.

　　However, it didn’t work out as we had expected. The other team did really better than ours in the matching field. We were not the winner; we were the loser. Knowing the result, we were extremely depressed.

　　From this experience, I realized working hard doesn’t definitely lead to success, but we were happy that we had done our best.

　　点评

　　这篇范文涵盖了所有关键词。全文文笔流畅，巧妙地利用了连接、过渡词汇(in order to, when, however, from this experience, but)，运用了较为高级的词汇(make good preparations for, keep on, be expert at, be convinced of, work out, extremely, depressed, definitely, lead to, do one’s best)和复杂的句子结构或句型(动词不定式作目的状语，动词不定式作后置定语，when引导的时间状语从句，so...that…，as引导的方式状语从句，现在分词短语作状语，省掉that的宾语从句，并列连词but连接两个并列的分句等)。