2017届高考英语一轮复习知识梳理练习：选修8 Unit 24 Society（北师大版）

　　Unit 24 Society

　　(80分钟106分)

　　Part A

　　一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)

　　A

　　I am a single working mother and going to college for a better life for my three-year-old child and myself.I am taking a nurse course called “Urban Community”.We were asked to do a major project on problems in urban communities.I chose the topic “Homeless”.

　　Each day I would walk down the streets of the homeless and offer them something to drink and to eat.I know it’s tough to survive on the streets.Last night I ran into a group of 30 kids who were living on the streets in New York.My heart went out to them and I just wanted to cry.But I had to be strong. 

　　I asked about their families and if they contacted them to let them know they were alive.Most of them said,“NO!” They all looked like a happy family and they took care of one another.I tried to persuade them to get help and to contact their families but they did not want to.I did not want to make them to do it as they had their own reasons.

　　All these kids were very respectful.None of them was high on drugs nor were they drinking.Some of them enjoyed reading and writing.Some of them enjoyed skateboarding,dancing and playing music.

　　One girl asked me if I could give her a hug and I did so.She started to cry and said,“Thank you for not treating us as freaks(怪人)like everyone else does.People don’t realize that we all have our own problems and some are worse than others.” She told me that her stepfather was extremely mean to her and her mother did not believe her.She ran away.Her street name was Little Mary.

　　They were good kids just trying to make ends meet.I told them that I didn’t have much to offer because I was a single mother.I had offered them sandwiches and drinks.They were so happy to have something to eat and told me that I couldn’t change the world but at least there was someone who really cared.

　　(2015·广东肇庆二模)

　　1.What does “My heart went out to them” in Paragraph 2 mean?

　　A.My heart was taken away by them.

　　B.I wanted to hug them.

　　C.I felt sympathy for them.

　　D.I fell in love with them.

　　2.What kind of feeling did the author show when she failed to persuade the children to contact their families?

　　A.Sorrow. B.Anxiety.

　　C.Anger. D.Understanding.

　　3.Little Mary left home and became a wanderer because. 

　　A.her stepfather didn’t want to live with her

　　B.her stepfather treated her so badly that she was injured

　　C.her mother treated her so badly that she felt hurt

　　D.her mother didn’t believe her and her stepfather treated her badly

　　4.What’s the best title for this passage?

　　A.A Story of a Single Mother

　　B.Care for the Homeless Kids

　　C.An Urban Community

　　D.How to Survive on the Streets

　　【文章大意】本文是篇记叙文。“我”是一位单身妈妈,在上大学期间就城市社区问题做课题时,“我”了解到那些流落街头的问题孩子的具体情况,号召人们要关心这些无家可归的孩子。

　　1.C　句意理解题。根据第二段中的“I just wanted to cry”可知,“我”很同情那些在街上流浪的孩子们。

　　2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I tried to persuade them to get help and to contact their families but they did not want to.I did not want to make them to do it as they had their own reasons.”可知,“我”尽力劝说孩子们得到帮助并和家人联系,但他们不想这样做,“我”认为他们有自己的理由。因此推测“我”理解他们。

　　3.D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“She told me that her stepfather was extremely mean to her and her mother did not believe her.”可知,她的继父对她特别刻薄,而她的妈妈不相信她说的话。

　　4.B　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“I chose the topic ‘Homeless’.”可知,“我”选择的课题是“无家可归的人”,全篇文章围绕此主题展开。

　　B

　　As we grow old,we realize that we have so little time to read and there are so many great books that we’ve yet to get around to.Yet re-readers are everywhere around us.For certain fans,re-reading The Lord of the Rings is a conventional practice annually.One friend told me that Jane Austen’s Emma can still surprise him,despite his having read it over 50 times.

　　New sudden clear understandings can be gained from the process of re-reading.Journalist Rebecca Mead,a long-time Englishwoman in New York,first came across George Eliot’s Middlemarch at 17.Since then,she has read it again every five years.With each re-reading,it has opened up further;in each chapter of her life,it has resonated(引起共鸣) differently.Mead evidenced the large number of ways in which really good books not only stand the test of repeat reads,but also offer fresh gifts each time we crack their spines.These kinds of books grow with us. 

　　Scientists have also recognized the mental health benefits of re-reading.Research conducted with readers in the US found that on our first reading,we are concerned with the “what” and the “why”.Second time round,we’re able to better appreciate the emotions that the plot continues to express.As researcher Cristel Russell of the American University explained,returning to a book “brings new or renewed appreciation of both the great book and its readers.”

　　It’s true that we often find former selves on the pages of old books (if we’re fond of making notes on the pages).These texts can carry us back to a time and place,and remind us of the kind of person that we were then.We’re changed not only by lived experience but also by read experience—by the books that we’ve discovered since last reading the one in our hand.

　　More so than the movie director or the musician,the writer calls upon our imaginations,using words to lead us to picture this declaration of love or that unfaithfulness in life.A book is a joint project between writers and readers,and we must pour so much of ourselves into reading that our own life story can become connected with the story in the book.

　　Perhaps what’s really strange is that we don’t re-read more often.After all,we watch our favourite films again and we wouldn’t think of listening to an album only once.We treasure messy old paintings as objects,yet of all art forms,literature alone is a largely one-time delight.A book,of course,takes up more time,but as Mead confirms,the rewards make it adequately worthwhile.

　　(2015·北京海淀区一模)

　　1.The two books are mentioned in Paragraph 1 mainly to . 

　　A.attract the attention of readers

　　B.introduce the topic of the passage

　　C.provide some background information

　　D.show the similarity between re-readers

　　2.The underlined expression “crack their spines” in Paragraph 2 refers to . 

　　A.recite them B.re-read them

　　C.recall them D.retell them

　　3.It can be learned from the passage that . 

　　A.reading benefits people both mentally and physically

　　B.readers mainly focus on feelings on their first reading

　　C.we know ourselves better through re-reading experience

　　D.writers inspire the same imaginations as film directors do

　　4.The purpose of the passage is to . 

　　A.call on different understandings of old books

　　B.focus on the mental health benefits of reading

　　C.bring awareness to the significance of re-reading

　　D.introduce the effective ways of re-reading old books

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,阐述了重复阅读的重要性,号召我们重复阅读。

　　1.B　篇章结构题。在第一段中,作者提到两本被人们重复阅读的书,是为了引入本文的话题——重复阅读。

　　2.B　词义推测题。根据本段的主题句“New sudden clear understandings can be gained from the process of re-reading.”可知,本段主要介绍了重复阅读的益处。由此推测,crack their spines指“重复阅读”。

　　3.C　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,通过重复阅读,我们可以更好地了解自己。

　　4.C　目的意图题。通读全文可知,本文旨在让我们认识到重复阅读的重要性。

　　二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

　　On a diet?Then consider sitting by the window the next time you eat out.

　　The researchers measured and mapped 1. design of each restaurant and then used meal checks 2.(track)what diners ordered and how it related to where they sat. 

　　The results were telling:people sitting 3.(far) from the front door ate the fewest salads and 4.(be)73 percent more likely to order dessert.Those 5.(seat) at a dark table ate heavier food and ordered more of it,6. diners sitting at high-top bar tables ordered more salads and fewer desserts. 

　　The darker it is,the more “invisible” you might feel,the less easy 7. is to see how much you’re eating and the less guilty you might feel.Seeing the sunlight,8.(passer-by)or trees outside might make you more aware 9. how you look,might make you think about walking or might inspire you to choose a green salad. 

　　The researchers also noted that slim diners chewed around 15 times per mouthful,three chews more than heavier diners.By 10.(eat) more slowly,the diner spends less time it takes for the brain to feel full.

　　(2015·河北邯郸质检)

　　1.the。根据句意可知,此处特指“每家饭店的设计风格”,故应该用定冠词the来修饰。

　　2.to track。此处表示研究人员用菜单来追踪顾客所点的菜和他们所坐位置之间的关系,表目的,故填to track。

　　3.farthest。根据“ate the fewest salads”可知,这里说的是坐在离前门最远的顾客吃最少的沙拉,故填farthest。

　　4.were。主语是people,谓语用复数形式,且所填词与前面动词ate并列,同作谓语动词,故填were。

　　5.seated。seated“就座的,坐着的”,表示“坐着的”状态,相当于sitting,故填seated。

　　6.while/and。句子的前后对比了“at a dark table”和“sitting at high-top bar tables”两种位置的顾客的点菜情况,可以用while表示对比,也可以看作由and连接的两个并列分句。故填while或and。

　　7.it。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”意为“做某事怎么样”,it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语,故填it。

　　8.passers-by。passer-by是一个合成词,中心词为passer,其复数形式为passers-by。

　　9.of。be aware of“知道,了解”,为固定搭配,故填of。

　　10.eating。by为介词,后跟动名词作宾语,故填eating。

　　Part B

　　一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

　　I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional　1　and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so　2　to me and had such a big　3　on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.Bernie and his CDs again to　4　my own cancer experience? 

　　I’m an ambitious　5　,and when I started going through chemo(化疗),even though I’m a very　6　person,I lost my drive to write.I was just too tired and not in the　7　.One day,while waiting to go in for　8　,I had one of Dr.Bernie’s books in my hand.Another patient　9　what I was reading and struck up a conversation with me　10　he had one of his books with him as well.It　11　that among other things,he was an eighty-year-old writer.He was　12　a published author,and he was currently　13　on a new book. 

　　We would see each other at various times and　14　friends.Sometimes he wore a duck hat,and I would tell myself,he was definitely a(n)　15　of Dr.Bernie.He really put a　16　on my face.He unfortunately　17　last year due to his cancer,　18　he left a deep impression on me and gave me the　19　to pick up my pen again.I　20　to myself,“If he can do it,then so can I.” 

　　(2015·江苏高考)

　　1.A.tastes B.ideas

　　C.notes D.memories

　　2.A.amazing B.shocking

　　C.amusing D.strange

　　3.A.strike B.push

　　C.challenge D.impact

　　4.A.learn from B.go over

　　C.get through D.refer to

　　5.A.reader B.writer

　　C.editor D.doctor

　　6.A.positive B.agreeable

　　C.humorous D.honest

　　7.A.mood B.position

　　C.state D.way

　　8.A.advice B.reference

　　C.protection D.treatment

　　9.A.viewed B.knew

　　C.noticed D.wondered

　　10.A.while B.because

　　C.although D.providing

　　11.A.came out B.worked out

　　C.proved out D.turned out

　　12.A.naturally B.merely

　　C.hopefully D.actually

　　13.A.deciding B.investing

　　C.working D.relying

　　14.A.became B.helped

　　C.missed D.visited

　　15.A.patient B.operator

　　C.fan D.publisher

　　16.A.sign B.smile

　　C.mark D.mask

　　17.A.showed up B.set off

　　C.fell down D.passed away

　　18.A.since B.but

　　C.so D.for

　　19.A.guidance B.trust

　　C.opportunity D.inspiration

　　20.A.promised B.swore

　　C.thought D.replied

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”因为患癌化疗,失去了写作的动力。有一天,“我”遇见一位80岁的病友,他积极的生活态度鼓励“我”重新拿起了笔杆。

　　1.B　根据前面一句中的“his positivity”可知,此处指他的非常规的想法。idea意为“主意,想法”。

　　2.A　根据前面一句中的“was hooked on”可知,“我”着迷于Bernie Siegel的积极性,因此他写的故事妙极了。amazing意为“令人惊讶的,美妙的”,符合语境。shocking意为“令人震惊的”;amusing意为“有趣的”;strange意为“奇怪的”。

　　3.D　固定搭配have an impact on意为“对……产生影响”。

　　4.C　根据本句中的“my own cancer experience”可知,此处指Bernie医生和他的光盘伴“我”度过患癌的时光。get through意为“度过,熬过”,符合语境。

　　5.B　根据本句中的“lost my drive to write”可知,“我”是一个有抱负的作家。

　　6.A　根据“even though”可知,即使“我”是一个很积极向上的人,但“我”失去了写作的动力。positive意为“积极的”,符合语境。agreeable意为“令人愉快的”;humorous意为“幽默的”;honest意为“诚实的”。

　　7.A　根据前面一句中的“I lost my drive to write”和本句中的“too tired”可知,“我”没有兴致。固定短语in the mood意为“兴致勃勃”,符合语境。

　　8.D　根据上文可知,“我”患了癌症,开始进行化疗,因此,此处表示“我”在等待去治疗。treatment意为“治疗”,符合语境。

　　9.C　因为“我”手上有本Bernie医生的书,另一个病人注意到“我”看的内容。选noticed。

　　10.B　根据本句中的“he had one of his books with him as well”可知,因为他也有一本Bernie医生的书,所以他开始跟“我”交谈。此处用because引导原因状语从句。

　　11.D　根据后文介绍他所从事的职业可知,此处意为“结果表明他是一个80岁的作家”。固定句型It turned out that...“结果表明……”。

　　12.D　事实上他是一个出版作家。actually意为“事实上”,符合语境。naturally意为“自然地”;merely意为“只有”;hopefully意为“满怀希望地”。

　　13.C　此处指目前他正创作一本新书。固定短语work on意为“从事”,符合语境。

　　14.A　根据下文可知,我们成了朋友。become意为“成为”,符合语境。

　　15.C　根据上文可知,他有Bernie医生的书籍,说明他是Bernie医生的粉丝。fan意为“粉丝,爱好者”,符合语境。

　　16.B　根据第二段可知,“我”因生病失去了写作的动力,而“我”遇见的这个病友虽然80岁了,但他继续从事写作事业,由此推测他让“我”重拾希望,让“我”脸上带着微笑。

　　17.D　根据本句中的“unfortunately”和“due to his cancer”可知,他去年去世了。pass away意为“去世”,符合语境。

　　18.B　尽管他去年因癌症不幸去世了,但他给“我”留下了深刻的印象,鼓舞“我”再次提笔写作。此后前后句之间是转折关系。故选B项。

　　19.D　inspiration意为“鼓舞,启发”,符合语境。

　　20.C　根据下文引号里的句子可知,此处指“我”自思自忖。固定搭配think to oneself意为“自思自忖”。

　　二、七选五阅读填空(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

　　Mary is digging in the ground for a potato,when along comes John.Seeing that there is no one in sight,John starts to scream.John’s angry mother rushes over and drives Mary away.Once his mom has gone,John helps himself to Mary’s potato.

　　We’ve all experienced similar annoying tricks when we were young—the brother who stole your ball and then got you into trouble by telling your parents you had hit him.But Mary and John are not humans.They’re African baboons(狒狒).　1　  

　　John’s scream and his mother’s attack on Mary could have been a matter of chance,but John was later seen playing the same tricks on others.　2　  

　　Studying behavior like this is complicated but scientists discovered apes(猿) clearly showed that they intended to cheat and knew when they themselves had been cheated.　3　 An ape was annoying him,so he tricked her into going away by pretending he had seen something interesting.When she found nothing,she “walked back,hit me over the head with her hand and ignored me for the rest of the day.” 

　　Another way to decide whether an animal’s behavior is deliberate is to look for actions that are not normal for that animal.A zoo worker describes how an ape dealt with an enemy.“He slowly stole up behind the other ape,walking on tiptoe.When he got close to his enemy,he pushed him violently in the back,then ran indoors.” Wild apes do not normally walk on tiptoe.　4　 But looking at the many cases of deliberate trickery in apes,it is impossible to explain them all as simple copying. 

　　It seems that trickery does play an important part in ape societies.　5　 Studying the intelligence of our closest relative could be the way to understand the development of human intelligence. 

　　A.In most cases the animal probably doesn’t know it is cheating.

　　B.An amusing example of this comes from a psychologist working in Tanzania.

　　C.And playing tricks is as much a part of monkey behavior as it is of human behavior.

　　D.So the psychologists asked his colleagues if they had noticed this kind of trickery.

　　E.The ability of animals to cheat may be a better measure of their intelligence than their use of tools.

　　F.This use of a third individual to achieve a goal is only one of the many tricks commonly used by baboons.

　　G.Of course it’s possible that it could have learnt from humans that such behavior works,without understanding why.

　　【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现,和人一样,动物有时也会玩花招。

　　1.C　空前说人类都会耍花招,但Mary和John不是人类,而是狒狒,空后举例说明Mary和John的小诡计,所以此处应选C项“猴子和人一样,也会耍花招”。

　　2.F　结合空前John利用妈妈的行为达到自己的目标,这种诡计John在其他场合也用过,以及空后的“behavior like this”可知,F项承上启下,符合语境。

　　3.B　根据空前“...but scientists discovered apes clearly showed that they intended to cheat and knew when they themselves had been cheated.”及下文可知,B项承上启下,符合语境。

　　4.G　根据“But looking at the many cases of deliberate trickery in apes,it is impossible to explain them all as simple copying.”可知,空处是对猩猩偷袭敌人的动机的推测,G项符合语境。

　　5.E　根据空前一句及后文的“Studying the intelligence of our closest relative”可知,空处是说猩猩的欺骗能力是评价其智力高低的有效指标,E项符合语境。

　　三、短文改错(满分10分)

　　Last summer I learnt to ride a bicycle.At first,I was unable to control its directions.Sometimes I fall to the right or to the left.I was worrying to ask my father impatiently how I could ride straight,so he didn’t answer me directly.Instead,he took me to side of the street.“Can you find any bike track what is really straight?” asked my father.I watched more carefully and shook my head.

　　“No,” he said,“in fact,neither of the tracks is always straight.But just by correct the direction every now and then,I have already gone forward.”

　　(2015·西安八校联考)

　　1.第2句:directions→direction。根据前文的“a bicycle”可知此处应用单数形式,故将directions改成direction。

　　2.第3句:fall→fell。根据语境可知应用一般过去时,故将fall改为fell。

　　3.第5句:worrying→worried。本句主语为I,人应是感到焦虑的,故将worrying改为worried。

　　4.第5句:so→but。前后分句之间是转折关系,故将so改为but。

　　5.第6句:在side前加the。此处side表特指,故其前应加the。

　　6.第7句:what→that。此处引导定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故将what改为that。

　　7.第7句:删除more。根据上下文可知此处无比较含义,故删除more。

　　8.第8句:neither→none。neither指“两者都不”,none指“三者以上的都不”。根据前文的“any bike track”可判断出,应将neither改成none。

　　9.第9句:correct→correcting。by为介词,后跟动名词形式作宾语,故将correct改成correcting。

　　10.第9句:I→you。根据前文可知此处是父亲对“我”说的话,又是直接引语,故将I改成you。

　　四、书面表达(满分25分)

　　(2016·长沙月考)假设你是中学生李华,刚收到美国笔友George的电子邮件,他说他对中国的小米手机很感兴趣,希望了解一下。以下是你从网上搜到的相关信息,请据此用英语给George回复一封电子邮件,简要介绍小米公司。

　　公司

　　名称 成立

　　时间 总部 首席执

　　行官(CEO) 员工 官网

　　小米 2010年4月 北京 雷军 约7000人 http://www.mi.com

　　特点 一家移动互联网公司,首创互联网模式开发手机操作系统、发烧友参与开发改进的模式。

　　要求:1.词数 100 左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);

　　2.可根据内容要点适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

　　Dear George,

　　I’m glad to receive your email and get to know that you are interested in Xiaomi Phones.

　　_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Hua

　　【思路点拨】本篇书面表达是应用文中的电子邮件,属于半开放式写作。要求考生根据要点提示,简要介绍小米公司的相关情况。写作时注意使用一般现在时和第三人称,并适当使用过渡连接词以及高级词汇、短语和复杂句式为文章添彩。

　　【参考范文】

　　Dear George,

　　I’m glad to receive your email and get to know that you are interested in Xiaomi Phones.

　　As far as I know,Xiaomi is a company rooted in mobile internet,founded in April,2010.It is located in Beijing and its CEO is called Lei Jun.It has about 7,000 clerks.It produces the mobile phone operating system(OS) as well as smart mobile phones by using internet ways of developing and improving its products with the involvement of millions of fans,which is very unique compared with other companies.The MI4 is its latest mobile phone and a bestseller among the young people!

　　If you’d like to know something more about it,please go to its official website http://www.mi.com.

　　Yours sincerely,

　　Li Hua

　　【范文点评】本篇范文要点齐全,结构严谨,条理清晰,中心突出。文中运用了较多的高级词汇和复杂句式,大大提高了文章的档次,如be rooted in,be located in,involvement,be compared with;宾语从句、定语从句、条件状语从句等。